#1
2026-03-16
气候变化
Greater trophic diversity of soil animal communities under agricultural land use and tropical climate
Soil fauna is an important but often neglected component of terrestrial food webs. Here the authors use a large dataset of stable isotope observations to analyse how soil animal trophic diversity varies across climates and land-use types and identify potential biotic mechanisms.
#2
2026-03-13
进化生物
Parallel but distinct adaptive routes in the budding and fission yeasts after 10,000 generations of experimental evolution
Experimental evolution of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) in the same environment as a previous experiment with budding yeast (Saccharomycescerevisiae) reveals parallel evolution but distinct molecular mechanisms and targets of adaptation in the two species.
#3
2026-03-11
气候变化
Widespread ecological responses and cascading effects of the 2021 western North American heatwave
Baum et al. present a synthesis of field data, remote-sensed data, media reports and process-based modelling analyses examining the effects of the 2021 heatwave in western North America for 32 terrestrial and marine taxa as well as gross primary productivity, streamflow and wildfire activity.
#4
2026-03-06
进化生物
Storm-induced mass mortality results in both immediate and long-term consequences for a migratory songbird
Combining 27 years of citizen science data with whole-genome sequencing, the authors show that mass mortality of purple martins caused by a severe winter storm in the USA had demographic consequences for surviving populations, including delayed breeding and reproductive failures that are likely to persist for several years.
#5
2026-03-06
海洋
Marine protected areas marginally offset anthropogenic declines in tropical reef fish contributions to nature and people
The effectiveness of marine protected areas remains uncertain. Studying 2,800 tropical reefs, the authors of this study show that marine protected areas have compensated for only a small portion of human impacts on fish contributions to people and nature, particularly in terms of biomass and biodiversity.
#6
2026-03-04
气候变化
Human pressure and biodiversity modify forest resilience after extreme multi-year droughts
This study reported widespread declines in resilience after multi-year droughts and showed that biodiversity and climate strongly shape forest resilience after multi-year droughts, but human footprint makes biodiversity’s contribution consistently and strongly negative.
#7
2026-03-03
微生物
Silent reservoir species are shaping the emergence of Usutu virus
By collating molecular, serological and population data from multiple wildlife surveillance schemes, this paper demonstrates that host species other than the most-affected and sentinel blackbird species must be involved in the transmission of Usutu virus in the Netherlands
#8
2026-02-27
进化生物
Convergent evolution of hexenal isomerases in Lepidoptera and plants
Phylogenetic and functional analyses across 34 Lepidoptera and 183 plant species show that hexenal isomerases found in Lepidoptera exhibit functional convergence with those found in plants despite having evolved independently from unrelated enzyme families.
#9
2026-02-25
进化生物
Territoriality modulates the coevolution of cooperative breeding and female song in songbirds
Comparative phylogenetic analysis of song features and social behaviours across songbirds shows a coevolutionary relationship between cooperative breeding and presence of female song that is more pronounced in species with weak territoriality.
#10
2026-02-25
气候变化
Long-term warming reduces fish biomass, but heatwaves shift it
A large-scale analysis of changes in fish biomass over 25 years identifies average biomass declines associated with long-term warming, as well as sharp decreases and increases in biomass associated with marine heatwaves at the warm and cold edges of species’ ranges, respectively.
#11
2026-02-24
进化生物
Pace of ecology drives the tempo of visual perception across the animal kingdom
Using phylogenetic comparative methods across 237 species from disparate phyla, the authors show that species with fast-paced ecologies have higher temporal resolution of perception.
#12
2026-02-24
气候变化
Carbon/phosphorus burial ratio reveals a rapid spread of land plants during the Late Ordovician
A shift in organic carbon to total phosphorus (Corg/Ptotal) ratios in marine siliciclastic strata from approximately 455 million years ago suggests an earlier-than-previously-thought spread of land plants and their impact on the Earth system, based on analogy with extant C/P ratios of terrestrial and marine organic matter.
#13
2026-02-23
进化生物
Comparative analysis of deep mutational scanning datasets in enteroviruses A and B identifies functional divergence and therapeutic targets
A comparison of proteome-wide mutational scanning datasets from enterovirus A and B species reveals evolutionary constraints shared by these viral species that localize to core functional regions, as well as species- and type-specific constraints that map to distinct host interactions.
#14
2026-02-18
气候变化
Increase in plant reliance on past precipitation associated with greening and drying
Over the past 40 years, 42% of tropical and subtropical ecosystems have experienced an increase in plant reliance on past precipitation, consistent with greening during the late growing season in drylands and drying during the wet-to-dry period in non-drylands.
#15
2026-02-11
气候变化
Growth form and lifespan of herbaceous species mediate the role of traits in short-term drought response
Using 63 globally distributed grassland and shrubland sites from the International Drought Experiment, this study identified plant traits linked to drought resistance after 1 year of extreme drought across growth forms, lifespans and climate.
#16
2026-02-10
古生物
The billion-dollar case for sustaining palaeontology’s digital databases
The authors survey community palaeontological databases, documenting their contributions to science as well as their vulnerabilities, and provide recommendations for the future of open science databases.
#17
2026-02-10
气候变化
Carboniferous recumbirostran elucidates the origins of terrestrial herbivory
A new species of pantylid microsaur from the Late Carboniferous of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, has teeth with dental occlusion consistent with herbivory, indicating an early transition to this condition among terrestrial tetrapods.
#18
2026-02-09
气候变化
Warming enhances soil carbon accumulation in borealSphagnumpeatlands
Data from long-term experiments in Finnish peatlands shows that warming induces a metabolic response in boreal Sphagnum peatlands that enhances accumulation of soil carbon, in contrast to the carbon losses in response to warming in boreal forests and tundra.
#19
2026-02-09
气候变化
Temperature variation and life history mediate nonlinearity in fluctuations of marine fish populations worldwide
A global analysis of marine fish populations involving 243 recruitment and 266 spawner time series across 143 species finds that nonlinear dynamics are widespread and that the degree of nonlinearity is amplified by temperature variation and in fast-lived species.
#20
2026-02-06
气候变化
Microbial growth rate is a stronger predictor of soil organic carbon than carbon use efficiency
Microbial carbon use efficiency is a strong predictor of soil organic carbon stocks. Here the authors reveal that the microbial growth rate is a more reliable and informative predictor, and that modelling approaches tend to overemphasize the role of biotic over abiotic controls compared to empirical data.
#21
2026-02-06
生态系统
Abiotic and biotic controls of non-native perennial plant success in drylands
It is unclear whether the harsh abiotic conditions of drylands hinder biological invasions. This global analysis shows that drylands are vulnerable to non-native plants and are likely to become more so as native plant diversity declines and grazing pressure intensifies.
#22
2026-02-06
古生物
Cellular-level preservation of cutaneous spikes in an Early Cretaceous iguanodontian dinosaur
A juvenile iguanodontian from the Lower Cretaceous of China preserves both spikes and scales in its skin that are different from integumentary structures in either non-avian dinosaurs or extant squamates and may have had a defensive function.
#23
2026-02-03
进化生物
Evolution and diversity of oxidoreductases involved in redox balance and energy conservation
HORBEC are protein complexes involved in the regulation of redox balance and energy conservation. The authors develop a bioinformatic tool for HORBEC annotation in bacterial and archaeal genomes and reconstruct the evolutionary history of these fundamental enzymes.
#24
2026-01-30
进化生物
Photoholes within cyanobacterial mats can account for the origin of anammox bacteria and ancient nitrogen loss
The authors leverage experimental and phylogenetic data to propose that anammox bacteria during the Archaean period could have harvested photoholes from cyanobacterial mats for use as an electron acceptor prior to the availability of nitrite.
#25
2026-01-28
进化生物
Diverging selection on body size in specialist terrestrial mammals
A comparative analysis of trait data combined with a mathematical model suggests that dietary specialization drives selection towards the smallest and largest body sizes in terrestrial mammals, as generalists outcompete specialists at intermediate sizes.
#26
2026-01-28
微生物
Bacterial necromass recycling promotes diversity maintenance in bacterial communities via resource partitioning
In this study, the authors conduct experiments involving 276 soil-derived microcosms to reveal that the ecological process of necromass recycling promotes diversity maintenance in bacterial communities. This mechanism could help explain how high microbial species diversity is maintained in natural soil communities.
#27
2026-01-27
生物多样性
A digital twin for real-time biodiversity forecasting with citizen science data
Citizen science data are increasingly used in biodiversity monitoring. This study applies a digital twin approach to biodiversity monitoring using a large citizen science dataset on birds from Finland, demonstrating its potential for ecological forecasting.
#28
2026-01-27
气候变化
The global extent of the grassland biome and implications for the terrestrial carbon sink
By combining satellite observations with ground-based data and expert validation, this analysis demonstrates considerable misestimation of grassland extent and thereby carbon stock estimates in previous global assessments based on remote sensing.
#29
2026-01-23
气候变化
Tree diversity is changing across tropical Andean and Amazonian forests in response to global change
This study examines long-term changes in species richness across tropical forests in the Andes and Amazon. Hotter, drier and more seasonal forests in the eastern and southern Amazon are losing species, while Northern Andean forests are accumulating species, acting as a refuge for climate-displaced species.
#30
2026-01-20
生态系统
Global evidence that plant diversity suppresses pests and promotes plant performance and crop production
A global synthesis of >600 studies finds that across agro-ecosystems, grasslands and forests in temperate and tropical zones, increasing plant diversity has a consistently positive effect on plant performance and the suppression of antagonists.
#31
2026-01-16
进化生物
Community conservatism is widespread across microbial phyla and environments
This study reveals that closely related microorganisms tend to inhabit similar communities across all major environments and phyla. The authors term this phenomenon ‘community conservatism’, extending the ecological concepts of phylogenetic signal and niche conservatism to the microbial world.
#32
2026-01-12
进化生物
Ecological and social pressures drive same-sex sexual behaviour in non-human primates
Phylogenetic regression and structural equation modelling of environmental, social and life history traits across the primate clade indicates correlates for same-sex sexual behaviour (SSB), and suggests that while environmental and life history traits tend to influence SSB indirectly, social complexity directly promotes its occurrence.
#33
2026-01-08
生物多样性
Projected human land-use pressures and natural habitat conversion risk within global terrestrial protected areas
Predictions of human land-use expansion within existing terrestrial protected areas under four shared socio-economic pathways identify locations of particular vulnerability to natural habitat conversion and resulting effects on species’ habitat availability.
#34
2026-01-07
进化生物
Deep conservation ofcis-regulatory elements and chromatin organization in echinoderms uncover ancestral regulatory features of animal genomes
Analysis of the 3D chromatin architecture andcis-regulatory elements in a sea urchin and a sea star reveals mechanisms of 3D chromatin organization in echinoderms and the long-term evolutionary dynamics ofcis-regulatory elements in animals.
#35
2026-01-05
生物多样性
Plant diversity enhances ecosystem resistance to increasing grazing pressure in global drylands
Grazing affects plant diversity, but plant diversity in turn may modulate the effect of grazing on the plant community. This global analysis explores the association between plant species richness and plant cover resistance to grazing intensity in drylands.
#36
2026-01-05
气候变化
Climate variability disrupts microbial mutualism-driven population persistence
Microbial mutualists could affect plant population persistence under climate change. Here the authors show that fungal endophytes contribute to the population persistence of a grass species by ameliorating drought stress but are more likely to disappear locally under climate variability.
#37
2026-01-02
海洋
Localized transmission of an aquatic pathogen drives hidden epidemics and population collapse in a terrestrial host
Fine-scale field analysis and modelling of the spatial dynamics of infection of Darwin’s frogs withBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisfungus identifies highly localized transmission dynamics that generate clustered epidemics and can drive collapse of local subpopulations.
#38
2025-12-22
海洋
Marine snow fuels an opportunistic small food web in the Late Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte
Trace fossils from the end Ordovician of South Africa suggest a low-diversity meiofaunal benthic community fed by episodic concentrations of phytoplankton (marine snow).
#39
2025-12-22
进化生物
Decoding cnidarian cell type gene regulation
This study reconstructs the gene regulatory networks that define cell types in the sea anemoneNematostella vectensis, providing a valuable resource for comparative regulatory genomics and the evolution of new cell types.
#40
2025-12-12
进化生物
Comparative population genomics reveals convergent adaptation across independent origins of avian obligate brood parasitism
Population genetics analysis in a phylogenetic framework shows convergent evolution in the genomes of five brood-parasitic species, including selection on genes involved in spermatogenesis, sperm function and nervous system development.
#41
2025-12-10
生物多样性
Pesticides and habitat loss additively reduce wild bees in crop fields
The authors synthesize bee assemblage data from 681 crop fields across three continents, finding that local pesticide hazards and decreasing adjacent semi-natural habitats both negatively affected wild bee abundance and species richness in crop fields, while pesticides also reduced functional diversity.
#42
2025-12-09
生态系统
Sodium constraints on megaherbivore communities in Africa
Combining high-resolution mapping of foliar and herbivore faecal sodium concentrations across Africa, the authors show that plant-derived sodium availability constrains megaherbivore densities at a continental scale.
#43
2025-12-05
生物多样性
Impacts of an industrial deep-sea mining trial on macrofaunal biodiversity
A species-level dataset of sediment-dwelling macrofauna, sampled 2 years before and 2 months after a test of a commercial deep-sea mining machine, reveals losses of macrofaunal density and species richness within the machine’s tracks and community-level effects in both the tracks and an area impacted by sediment plumes.
#44
2025-12-05
进化生物
Intracellular interactions shape antiviral resistance outcomes in poliovirus via eco-evolutionary feedback
A model of intrahost poliovirus replication shows that, after several rounds of replication, pocapavir, a poliovirus capsid inhibitor, collapses viral density, preventing intracellular interactions that allow drug-susceptible viruses to sensitize resistant ones. These results suggest that a low dosage of pocapavir may be beneficial in poliovirus treatment.
#45
2025-12-05
气候变化
Global dependency of canopy height on vapour pressure deficit and its projections under climate change
Rising atmospheric aridity may be an important driver of tree growth. Here the authors present analyse the global relationship between tree canopy height and vapour pressure deficit, and its potential shifts under future climate change.
#46
2025-12-02
生物多样性
Arthropod species loss underpins biomass declines
Insects are declining in many regions. Here the authors show that arthropod biomass losses in Jena Experiment and Biodiversity Exploratories time series are driven more by species loss than by species identity and abundance declines, and are mitigated by high plant diversity and low land-use intensity.
#47
2025-12-02
气候变化
Spatial patterns and future potential of tree species richness and structural diversity in China’s forests
Multiple diversity facets contribute to forest ecosystem functioning. Here the authors investigate spatial patterns and predictors of forest tree species richness and structural diversity across China and project potential trends under future climate scenarios.
#48
2025-12-01
微生物
Core rumen microbes are functional generalists that sustain host metabolism and gut ecosystem function
This study uses the rumen gut microbiome to show that core microbes exhibit attributes of ecological generalists with broad functional capacity and traits that enable them to be metabolically independent while also supporting non-core microbes and the host.
#49
2025-12-01
进化生物
Pleiotropic mutational effects on function and stability constrain the antigenic evolution of influenza haemagglutinin
Deep mutational scanning of a recent human H3N2 influenza haemagglutinin identifies how epistasis and pleiotropy differentially constrain mutations that affect viral cell entry, acid stability and neutralization.
#50
2025-11-28
海洋
Protection of coral reef fish delivers ecosystem-critical biocontrol of coral-eating starfish across the Great Barrier Reef
Incorporating reef fish into a meta-community model of the Great Barrier Reef suggests that fish-protecting interventions, including marine protected areas, have prevented the reef from already passing a tipping-point transition to a state of continual outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish and reduced coral cover.
#51
2025-11-25
生态系统
Europeans support large carnivore recovery while opposing both further population growth and hunting
A survey of 10,000 members of the public across European Union countries in which there are large carnivores finds strong support for carnivore recovery but simultaneous, and somewhat paradoxical, opposition to both population growth and hunting.
#52
2025-11-25
生物多样性
Congruent direction but different magnitude of biodiversity response to land-use intensification in space and time
Many ecological studies assume that space-for-time substitution approaches can be suitable proxies for unavailable time series. Here the authors show congruence between the two approaches in the direction but not the magnitude of grassland plant and arthropod community responses to land-use intensification.
#53
2025-11-21
进化生物
Substrate utilization and cross-feeding synergistically determine microbiome resistance to pathogen invasion
Combining genome-scale metabolic modelling with in vitro and in planta experiments, the authors show that cross-feeding metabolites and substrate utilization synergistically determine microbial community resistance to pathogen invasion.
#54
2025-11-17
进化生物
Recurrent evolution of selfishness from an essential tRNA synthetase inCaenorhabditis tropicalis
InCaenorhabditis tropicalis, three toxin–antidote elements arose via gene duplication from the essential tRNA-synthetase subunit FARS-3. The ancestral antidote probably acquired affinity for FARS-3, enabling presuppression of toxicity and allowing otherwise deleterious mutant alleles to evolve into selfish genes.
#55
2025-11-14
进化生物
Adaptive tracking with antagonistic pleiotropy results in seemingly neutral molecular evolution
Population genetics simulations and analysis of experimental datasets in yeast,DrosophilaandE. colishow that beneficial mutations are abundant but transient, as they become deleterious after environmental turnover (antagonistic pleiotropy). Consequently, populations continuously adapt to changing environments (adaptive tracking), yet most mutations that reach fixation are neutral.
#56
2025-11-11
进化生物
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of seahorse male pregnancy
Seahorses have a unique sex role reversal with male pregnancy involving the brood pouch, an evolutionarily novel organ. This study uses single-cell genomics and in vivo experiments to reveal the cellular basis and molecular mechanism of pouch development and diversity in seahorses.
#57
2025-11-11
气候变化
Meta-analysis-derived estimates of stressor–response associations for riverine organism groups
This global meta-analysis of freshwater stressor–response relationships reveals that the biodiversity loss of five riverine organism groups reflects elevated salinity, oxygen depletion and fine sediment accumulation, while the relationship with nutrient enrichment and warming varies among groups.
#58
2025-11-11
进化生物
Evolutionary characterization of antiviral SAMD9/9L across kingdoms supports ancient convergence and lineage-specific adaptations
A search for analogues of the human SAMD9/9L antiviral genes identifies convergent evolution of this gene family in the bacterial and animal kingdoms, with species-specific and recent genomic signatures indicative of adaptations resulting from evolutionary arms races with viruses.
#59
2025-11-03
进化生物
Effects of urbanization on local adaptation and eco-evolutionary feedbacks in white clover
Evidence of adaptation to the urban environment remains limited. Using reciprocal transplants of white clover in urban and rural environments, this study shows divergent selection on an antiherbivore chemical with fitness consequences for the plant in both environments and eco-evolutionary feedbacks impacting herbivory and pollinator visitation.
#60
2025-10-28
古生物
Mid-Cenozoic rhinocerotid dispersal via the North Atlantic
A new fossil species of rhinocerotid from the Canadian Arctic suggests that the North Atlantic Land Bridge, which facilitated cross-Atlantic dispersal of mammals during the Eocene, persisted into the Oligocene and Miocene.
#61
2025-10-27
海洋
Human biomass movement exceeds the biomass movement of all land animals combined
Quantifying the global estimated movement of biomass on Earth, the authors show that land animal biomass movement is around 40 times smaller than all human biomass movement, with marine animal movement of biomass having halved since 1850.
#62
2025-10-27
生态系统
Rigorous validation of ecological models against empirical time series
Validating theoretical models against empirical data presents challenges. Here the authors present an assumption-light method to validate ecological models against time series data, along with a dedicated R package.
#63
2025-10-24
气候变化
A novel Hox gene promoter fuels the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in wing eyespots of satyrid butterflies
Many satyrid butterflies show seasonal variation in wing eyespot size in response to temperature. Tissue-specific transcriptomics, comparative genomics and genome editing identify a taxon-specific promoter of a Hox gene that controls eyespot size plasticity and probably contributed to wing eyespot diversity in this clade.
#64
2025-10-24
进化生物
Molecular evidence from xenacoelomorph gonopore formation supports homology with the bilaterian anus
The evolutionary origin of the bilaterian gut with two openings is debated. Expression in xenacoelomorphs, the sister group to bilaterians, of genes involved in bilaterian gut patterning suggests that the xenacoelomorph gonopore is homologous to the bilaterian anus.
#65
2025-10-23
气候变化
Global vegetation production may decrease in this century due to rising atmospheric dryness
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations could stimulate plant photosynthesis and production. However, using the measurements from global eddy-covariance sites, this study shows that continued increases in atmospheric aridity in the future will counteract most of this fertilization effect.
#66
2025-10-21
进化生物
Serial innovations by Asgard archaea shaped the DNA replication machinery of the early eukaryotic ancestor
Phylogenetic and biochemical analyses show a diversity of components of the DNA replication machinery in different Asgard archaea that contributed to the eukaryotic DNA replication machinery.
#67
2025-10-17
进化生物
Loss of macroevolutionary species fitness explains the rise and fall of clades
The interplay between speciation and extinction rates shapes clade diversity dynamics. Using a novel phylogenetic model that includes living and fossil lineages, the authors estimate speciation and extinction rates for each lineage and show that diversity dynamics are governed by a lineage tendency of macroevolutionary fitness decline, rather than clade-level processes.
#68
2025-10-14
古生物
A Carnian theropod with unexpectedly derived features during the first dinosaur radiation
The authors report a new species of theropod dinosaur from the Triassic Period of Argentina. Despite being one of the earliest theropods,Anteavis crurilongushas derived features more in line with Neotheropoda.
#69
2025-10-03
进化生物
Learned use of an innate sound-meaning association in birds
Over 20 species of geographically and phylogenetically diverse bird species produce convergent whining vocalizations towards their respective brood parasites. Model presentation and playback experiments across multiple continents suggest that these learned calls provoke an innate response even among allopatric species.
#70
2025-10-01
进化生物
A timetree of Fungi dated with fossils and horizontal gene transfers
Combining fossil-based and molecular calibrations with data on horizontal gene transfer events, the authors develop a time-calibrated phylogeny of Fungi. This timescale, which integrates analytic uncertainties, suggests an older age of crown Fungi (1,401–896 million years ago), as well as a minimum age for ancient interactions involving fungi and the algal ancestors of embryophytes in terrestrial ecosystems (1,253–797 Ma).
#71
2025-10-01
进化生物
Mitochondrial genomes of Middle Pleistocene horses from the open-air site complex of Schöningen
Mitochondrial DNA from horses at the Middle Pleistocene archaeological site of Schöningen reveals insight into the evolutionary history of horses and advances techniques for the analysis of ancient DNA retrieved from highly degraded samples.
#72
2025-09-22
生态系统
Human activity augments lightning ignitions to reshape fire seasonality across all biomes on Earth
Human ignitions and lightning strikes both influence global fire regimes. Here the authors disaggregate the two effects in an analysis of global daily fuel moisture and flammability threshold datasets, and show that anthropogenic influences have lengthened fire seasons globally, regardless of other factors.
#73
2025-09-19
生物多样性
India’s agroecology programme, ‘Zero Budget Natural Farming’, delivers biodiversity and economic benefits without lowering yields
Analysis of crop yields, farmer income and bird species abundances identifies multiple positive outcomes of a large-scale Indian government-incentivized agroecology initiative.
#74
2025-09-19
气候变化
Meta-analysis shows that planting nitrogen-fixing species increases soil organic carbon stock
This meta-analysis finds that planting nitrogen-fixing species increases soil carbon compared with non-nitrogen-fixing species. Using nitrogen-fixing species for forestation, agriculture and land regeneration might therefore offer a nature-based solution to mitigate climate change.
#75
2025-09-15
进化生物
Beneficial reversal of dominance maintains a large-effect resistance polymorphism under fluctuating insecticide selection
Measuring selection and dominance in fitness of the insecticide-resistantAcealleles inDrosophila melanogaster, the authors show evidence for beneficial reversal of dominance, a mechanism that can stabilize large-effect polymorphisms in nature.
#76
2025-09-15
生态系统
A globally consistent negative effect of edge on aboveground forest biomass
Across 97% of forest area from eight million sampled forested locations worldwide, the density of aboveground biomass is lower near forest edges than in forest interiors. Given widespread forest fragmentation, this edge effect is estimated to be responsible for 9% reduction in forest aboveground biomass.
#77
2025-09-09
生态系统
Direct mortality due to humans threatens migratory shorebirds
Direct human actions such as hunting and bird deterrence at aquaculture sites kill up to 10% of the populations of some shorebird species migrating along China’s coast each year, suggesting that this direct mortality is an overlooked threat to migratory populations.
#78
2025-09-04
生态系统
Density-dependent network structuring within and across wild animal systems
The number of individuals in a given space influences animal interactions and network dynamics. Here the authors identify general rules underlying density dependence in animal networks and reveal some fundamental differences between spatial and social dynamics.
#79
2025-09-02
海洋
Critical thresholds of adult patch density and spacing during coral fertilization
Using experimental and modelling evidence, this study reveals that small coral populations face fertilization failure due to Allee effects. The findings identify critical population thresholds needed to maintain reproductive success.
#80
2025-09-02
生态系统
Phosphorus constrains global photosynthesis more than nitrogen does
Nitrogen and phosphorus limitations are both key to spatial patterns and temporal trends in primary production. This global analysis indicates that phosphorus limitation on terrestrial primary productivity has become stronger and is increasing more rapidly than nitrogen limitation.
#81
2025-09-01
海洋
Hominin glacial-stage occupation 712,000 to 424,000 years ago at Fordwich Pit, Old Park (Canterbury, UK)
The authors report Acheulean hominin occupation of eastern Britain during glacial marine isotope stages 17–16 and again in glacial marine isotope stage 12 via stone tools in sediments dated to 712,000 to 424,000 years ago.
#82
2025-08-27
进化生物
Wave succession in the pandemic clone ofVibrio parahaemolyticusdriven by gene loss
A combination of large-scale phylogenomic analysis, mouse lethality experiments and bacterial growth assays shows that gene loss in the putrescine utilization pathway has enhanced biofilm formation and transmission-related characteristics in the pandemic clone of a bacterial pathogen,Vibrio parahaemolyticus, promoting successive waves of global transmission events.
#83
2025-08-27
进化生物
Widespread temporal niche partitioning in an adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes
An analysis of behavioural, eco-morphological and genomic data in 60 species of Lake Tanganyika cichlids reveals a remarkable diversity of temporal activity patterns across species, suggesting that temporal niche partitioning may have played a role in the adaptive diversification of this group.
#84
2025-08-25
进化生物
Twenty years of tuberculosis-driven selection shaped the evolution of the meerkat major histocompatibility complex
Immune genetic and disease surveillance of a wild meerkat population over 20 years shows that tuberculosis imposes strong pathogen-mediated balancing selection on the meerkats’ major histocompatibility complex via rare-allele advantage or fluctuating selection.
#85
2025-08-25
气候变化
The tree growth–herbivory relationship depends on functional traits across forest biodiversity experiments
It is unclear whether the linkage between tree species richness and insect herbivory is consistent across climates and forest types. Here, the authors analyse data from forest biodiversity experiments to show a generally positive tree growth–insect herbivory relationship that is modulated by leaf traits.
#86
2025-08-25
进化生物
Origin and evolutionary trajectories of brown algal sex chromosomes
Genomes of nine brown algal species with different sex determination systems show that U/V sex chromosomes evolved 450–224 Ma and show remarkable conservation of genes within the sex-determining region despite independent expansions of the sex locus in each lineage.
#87
2025-08-22
气候变化
Limited plastic responses in safety traits support greater hydraulic risk under drier conditions
Plants across many ecosystems are increasingly exposed to dryness stress. Using meta-analysis, the authors show that plants can adjust their hydraulic traits in response to drought and other global change factors, but not equally across traits and not enough to prevent lethal hydraulic failure.
#88
2025-08-19
进化生物
EdgeHOG: a method for fine-grained ancestral gene order inference at large scale
A new method to reconstruct ancestral genomes is used to estimate contigs of the last common ancestor of eukaryotes and to infer features such as the age of gene adjacencies and chromosome rearrangements.
#89
2025-08-19
气候变化
Global covariation of forest age transitions with the net carbon balance
A global analysis reveals regional trends of net forest ageing but also that widespread stand-replacing disturbances, such as fire and harvest, are driving declining forest age in many areas, often accompanied by substantial losses in aboveground carbon stocks and shifts in carbon sink dynamics.
#90
2025-08-15
生物多样性
Emerging threats to Antarctic conservation
A horizon scan of international respondents identifies and discusses ten developing challenges in Antarctic conservation, revealing an increased emphasis on challenges related to governance, geopolitics and economics compared to a similar scan from 2012.
#91
2025-08-11
气候变化
Large reductions in tropical bird abundance attributable to heat extreme intensification
Climate change poses a growing threat to biodiversity, but disentangling its overall impact from other anthropogenic stressors is challenging. Here the authors use a data-driven climate attribution framework to identify a key role of heat extremes in causing changes in bird populations globally.
#92
2025-08-11
进化生物
Predicted deleterious mutations reveal the genetic architecture of male reproductive success in a lekking bird
Analysis of whole genomes and life-history data of male black grouse shows that deleterious mutations, especially those in promotors, reduce lifetime reproductive success.
#93
2025-08-08
气候变化
Deep-sea-floor diversity in Asteroidea is shaped by competing processes across different latitudes and oceans
Global trends in species richness in the deep sea are poorly explored. This study uses occurrence records of Asteroidea to show that species richness in the deep benthos is restricted below ~1.5 °C but correlated with temperature and nutrient flux, despite different patterns across oceans and latitudes.
#94
2025-08-04
生态系统
Vibrio pectenicidastrain FHCF-3 is a causative agent of sea star wasting disease
The causative agent of sea star wasting disease has been elusive. This study used genetic datasets and experimental exposures to demonstrate that a strain of the bacteriumVibrio pectenicidacaused disease and mortality in sea stars.
#95
2025-08-01
海洋
Archived natural DNA samplers reveal four decades of biodiversity change across the tree of life
This study explores four decades of biodiversity change across the tree of life in Germany’s terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by sequencing standardized biota samples from a long-term pollution monitoring archive.
#96
2025-07-30
进化生物
Cryptic phenotypic variation emerges rapidly during the adaptive evolution of a carbapenemase
Experimental characterization of the pathways by which the carbapenemase KPC-2 evolves high activity against ceftazidime reveals strong epistasis underpinning four major resistance groups, each with distinct phenotypic profiles that may shape the enzyme’s long-term success.
#97
2025-07-29
生态系统
Ecological and hydroclimatic determinants of vegetation water-use strategies
Vegetation responses to water limitation are difficult to predict due to large variation across space and time. A new analysis of global soil moisture dynamics reveals that water-use strategies vary systematically by vegetation type in response to ecological and climatic conditions.
#98
2025-07-28
气候变化
Lagged precipitation effects on plant production across terrestrial biomes
Precipitation is a key driver of plant growth. Here the authors integrate ground-based observations, remote sensing and process-based models to disentangle the relative contribution of preceding-year and current-year precipitation on plant productivity and identify its predictors across biomes.
#99
2025-07-25
气候变化
Neighbourhood diversity increases tree growth in experimental forests more in wetter climates but not in wetter years
How tree diversity effects on ecosystem functioning vary along climatic gradients is unclear. Here, analysing data from 15 experimental forest sites, the authors show that tree growth responses to neighbourhood species diversity are stronger in wetter climates but are unaffected by interannual climatic variation within sites.
#100
2025-07-25
进化生物
The structure of an ancient genotype–phenotype map shaped the functional evolution of a protein family
A combination of ancestral reconstruction and deep mutational scanning to examine the genotype–phenotype maps of steroid receptors shows that the properties of ancestral genotype–phenotype maps determine the lineage-specific evolution of DNA specificity.
#101
2025-07-24
进化生物
Enlargement of sternum traits facilitated the evolution of powered flight in birds
The extant avian sternum is highly adapted to powered flight, but understanding of its early evolution is hindered by patchy fossil representation and the fact that where preserved, sterna in near-bird dinosaurs and early avialans are substantially different. To overcome this, the authors use ancestral character estimations and find that sternum evolution was episodic and experimental in relation to flight characteristics.
#102
2025-07-23
古生物
Geochemical chronologies inParanthropus robustusteeth inform habitat and life histories
Strontium analysis ofParanthropus robustusteeth from two South African sites reveals that the Pleistocene hominin probably exploited both savanna and riparian woodland habitats, had a home-range size compatible with that of present-day hunter-gatherers and had periodic ranging patterns. While some individuals lived their lives in the same place, others dispersed during their lifetime.
#103
2025-07-22
气候变化
Two decades of improved wetland carbon sequestration in northern mid-to-high latitudes are offset by tropical and southern declines
Here the authors identify hotspots for wetland carbon uptake and regions where wetland carbon sinks are most susceptible to hydrological shifts. They show that two decades of improved carbon sinks in northern mid- to high-latitude wetlands are offset by declining efficiencies elsewhere.
#104
2025-07-22
生物多样性
Tropical biodiversity loss from land-use change is severely underestimated by local-scale assessments
Analysis of data on 971 bird species in natural habitat and cattle pasture in Colombia finds that near-national-scale losses of bird diversity greatly exceed losses recorded at the local scale, suggesting that extrapolations from local studies will severely underestimate biodiversity losses.
#105
2025-07-18
气候变化
Dental microwear texture analysis reveals behavioural, ecological and habitat signals in Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur faunas
The authors compare tooth wear patterns from three Late Jurassic sauropod faunas in North America, Portugal and Tanzania and find that different regions and climate regimes seem to have had distinctive impacts on dental wear of megaherbivores in these areas, revealing habitat and ecological niche information.
#106
2025-07-16
进化生物
Comparative single-cell analyses reveal evolutionary repurposing of a conserved gene programme in bat wing development
Single-cell comparison of developing bat and mouse limbs reveals conservation of cell populations and gene expression patterns, and suggests repurposing of genes involved in proximal limb development for wing evolution.
#107
2025-07-14
生态系统
Gene regulatory networks and essential transcription factors for de novo-originated genes
A combination of computational methods applied to single-cell RNA sequencing data and genetic experiments shows that a small number of transcription factors are involved in the regulation of many de novo genes inDrosophila melanogaster.
#108
2025-07-14
进化生物
The role of plasmid copy number and mutation rate in evolutionary outcomes
In an experimental multicopy plasmid evolution system that allows manipulation of mutation rate and copy number, low copy number promoted enrichment of beneficial alleles whereas high copy number maintained allelic diversity.
#109
2025-07-11
生物多样性
Stabilizing effects of biodiversity arise from species-specific dynamics rather than interspecific interactions in grasslands
The role of interspecific interactions in biodiversity–ecosystem stability relationships is unclear. Here the authors develop a theoretical approach and show that empirical diversity–stability relationships in grasslands are best explained by species-specific dynamics rather than by interspecific interactions.
#110
2025-07-11
生态系统
Reduced water loss rather than increased photosynthesis controls CO2-enhanced water-use efficiency
A machine learning approach using long-term observations of eddy covariance finds that the increase in plant intrinsic water-use efficiency under higher CO2levels, across diverse ecosystems, is driven primarily by reduction in canopy conductance, rather than by stimulation of gross primary productivity.
#111
2025-07-09
进化生物
Cross-kingdom comparative genomics reveal the metabolic potential of fungi for lignin turnover in deadwood
This study uses comparative genomics and phylogenetics to analyse the distribution and evolution of key enzymes involved in the catabolism of lignin-related aromatic compounds in the bacterial and fungal kingdoms.
#112
2025-07-09
生态系统
Human contributions to global soundscapes are less predictable than the acoustic rhythms of wildlife
Analysis of soundscape data from 139 globally distributed sites reveals that sounds of biological origin exhibit predictable rhythms depending on location and season, whereas sounds of anthropogenic origin are less predictable. Comparisons between paired urban–rural sites show that urban green spaces are noisier and dominated by sounds of technological origin.
#113
2025-07-08
气候变化
Haploblocks contribute to parallel climate adaptation following global invasion of a cosmopolitan plant
Whole-genome sequences and field experiments focusing on the global invasive forage crop,Trifolium repens, show high levels of genetic variation across continents and parallel signatures of selection in five haploblocks.
#114
2025-07-08
生态系统
Pervasive but biome-dependent relationship between fragmentation and resilience in forests
Human-driven forest fragmentation could have major impacts on ecosystem functioning. This global analysis shows that the relationship between fragmentation and vegetation resilience in forests may differ depending on bioclimatic region and local environmental conditions.
#115
2025-07-04
进化生物
Functional replacement of ancestral antibacterial secretion system in a bacterial plant pathogen
The bacterial plant pathogen genusXanthomonasuses two distinct secretion systems for antibacterial competition. Here the authors show that someXanthomonaslineages have switched from the ancestral X-T4SS state to T6SS-i4 despite the functional similarity of the systems, with X-T4SS gene clusters subject to degradation and loss and T6SS-i4-encoding sequences inserted through independent gains.
#116
2025-07-02
气候变化
Summer warmth between 15,500 and 15,000 years ago enabled human repopulation of the northwest European margin
The authors use the latest radiocarbon calibration curve and new local palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental records from Britain to show that humans repopulated the northwest European margin between 15,500 and 15,000 years ago, supported by local summer warmth occurring earlier than previously thought.
#117
2025-07-01
生物多样性
Short time series obscure compensatory dynamics in ecological communities
Species synchrony is considered a major mechanism of biodiversity–ecosystem stability relationships. Here, by combining theory, modelling and empirical work, the authors show that with time series length species synchrony decreases and its relationship with diversity switches from positive to negative.
#118
2025-07-01
进化生物
Cell type and cell signalling innovations underlying mammalian pregnancy
Single-cell transcriptomes from the fetal–maternal interface of six species of mammals reveal a conserved gene expression signature of invasive trophoblast, stepwise evolution of decidual stromal cell types and co-evolutionary patterns in cell–cell signalling.
#119
2025-07-01
进化生物
Deep learning reveals the complex genetic architecture of male guppy colouration
Guppy colouration is a very diverse trait under natural and sexual selection. Using a combination of high-resolution phenotyping and genomic analysis, the authors reveal the genetic architecture of this complex trait.
#120
2025-06-30
进化生物
4,000-year-oldMycobacterium lepromatosisgenomes from Chile reveal long establishment of Hansen’s disease in the Americas
Recovery of ancientMycobacterium lepromatosisgenomes in 4,000-year-old human remains from Chile demonstrates that this causal agent of Hansen’s disease has a long history in the Americas, predating the colonial period by millennia.
#121
2025-06-25
进化生物
A composite universal DNA signature for the tree of life
This study develops a barcoding method that uses machine learning models and low-coverage genome sequences for species identification across all domains of life.
#122
2025-06-24
生物多样性
Indirect reciprocal facilitation promotes species coexistence in plant communities worldwide
The relative importance of facilitative and competitive interactions in long-term community dynamics is debated. Here, the authors show that indirect reciprocal facilitation during recruitment in woody plant communities is widespread and linked with species richness, and explore its role in the coexistence of species.
#123
2025-06-24
古生物
Threat reduction must be coupled with targeted recovery programmes to conserve global bird diversity
Projections of extinctions of bird species and losses of functional diversity over the next 100 years suggest that even immediate and widespread threat abatement would be insufficient to prevent losses, and targeted recovery programmes must also be implemented to conserve avian diversity.
#124
2025-06-24
生物多样性
Spatio-temporal variability in forest biodiversity associated with human well-being across socio-economic deprivation gradients
Applying a combined social science and trait-based ecology approach, the authors identify ecological traits in forests eliciting positive or negative well-being among human participants in England and Wales and find that forests with higher species’ effect trait richness, and those associated with higher participant well-being, are in areas with the least socio-economic deprivation.
#125
2025-06-19
海洋
Brachiopods and forams reduced calcification costs through morphological simplification during mass extinction events
The authors assess shell thickness and ornamentation in brachiopods during the Permian–Triassic mass extinction (PTME) and in foraminifera during both the PTME and early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event, finding that both groups reduced their morphological complexity and thus possibly saved on energetic costs during these stressful events.
#126
2025-06-19
气候变化
Global variation in vegetation carbon use efficiency inferred from eddy covariance observations
The efficiency with which plants use carbon assimilated through photosynthesis has a key role in determining natureʼs capacity to offset carbon dioxide emissions. This study leverages global eddy covariance observations and ecological theory to reveal the patterns of vegetation carbon use efficiency worldwide.
#127
2025-06-18
进化生物
An episodic burst of massive genomic rearrangements and the origin of non-marine annelids
An analysis of annelid genomes reveals massive reshuffling of chromosomes in the ancestral lineage leading to clitellates, a clade composed of non-marine annelids, with potential implications for the adaptation of clitellates to freshwater and terrestrial environments.
#128
2025-06-18
气候变化
Climate drivers and palaeobiogeography of lagerpetids and early pterosaurs
The authors combine fossil occurrence data, phylogenies and climatic niche modelling to explore the palaeobiogeography of early pterosaurs and their non-flying close relatives, the lagerpetids.
#129
2025-06-13
古生物
Fossil evidence of proboscidean frugivory and its lasting impact on South American ecosystems
Using a multiproxy dietary analysis combining stable isotopes, tooth microwear and dental calculus of the extinct South American proboscideanNotiomastodon platensis, the authors confirm that it consumed fruits and may have acted as a seed disperser. They assess evidence that its extinction has had cascading consequences for the plants whose seeds it used to disperse.
#130
2025-06-13
气候变化
Three-and-a-half million years of Tibetan Plateau vegetation dynamics in response to climate change
The authors present a 3.5-million-year-long pollen record from the Zoige Basin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, 3,442 m above sea level. The ~5,000 pollen assemblages retrieved from the core reveal many ecosystem transitions during this time and, when correlated with climatic curves, indicate what effects future warming may have on regional vegetation.
#131
2025-06-13
生态系统
Pangolin hunting in southeast Nigeria is motivated more by local meat consumption than international demand for scales
Data from questionnaires distributed to hunters and wild meat vendors in Nigeria suggest that most captured pangolins are not specifically targeted and that the animals are primarily captured for their meat, which is mostly consumed by hunters’ households, rather than for their scales.
#132
2025-06-11
进化生物
Landscape-explicit phylogeography illuminates the ecographic radiation of early archosauromorph reptiles
Using a newly developed spatiotemporal phylogeographic path analysis method combined with phylogenetic niche modelling, the authors estimate clade-wide dispersal maps spanning the early Permian to end-Triassic periods for archosauromorph reptiles.
#133
2025-06-10
生物多样性
Assessing coverage of the monitoring framework of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and opportunities to fill gaps
This paper presents the outcomes of the gap analysis performed by the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Indicators to assess current indicators in the monitoring framework of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and provides recommendations for how Parties can implement monitoring.
#134
2025-06-09
气候变化
Increases in the world’s most extreme wildfire events probably driven by fire size and simultaneity
摘要暂缺
#135
2025-06-09
气候变化
Reply to: Increases in the world’s most extreme wildfire events probably driven by fire size and simultaneity
摘要暂缺
#136
2025-06-06
进化生物
A single-cell atlas of the bobtail squid visual and nervous system highlights molecular principles of convergent evolution
An analysis of single-cell transcriptomes from the retina and optic lobe of the bobtail squid characterizes the cellular basis of the complex visual system of this cephalopod and provides insights into the convergent evolution of the neurons in the vertebrate neuroretina and cephalopod optic lobe.
#137
2025-06-04
气候变化
Climate warming fuels the global antibiotic resistome by altering soil bacterial traits
A combination of metagenomic data from experimental and natural warming with microbial culturing experiments shows that warming increases the potential of evolution of antibiotic resistance in soil bacteria.
#138
2025-06-04
生物多样性
A general rule on the organization of biodiversity in Earth’s biogeographical regions
Ecological assemblages may be spatially organized by both context dependency and general processes. Here the authors find general patterns in the organization of regional biodiversity in biogeographical regions.
#139
2025-06-04
生态系统
The impact of human dispersals and local interactions on the genetic diversity of coastal Papua New Guinea over the past 2,500 years
New archaeological and ancient genomic data from humans in Papua New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago shed light on regional human admixture and genetic isolation over the past 2,500 years.
#140
2025-06-04
生态系统
Inductive link prediction facilitates the discovery of missing links and enables cross-community inference in ecological networks
Data limitations pose a pervasive challenge to ecological network studies. Here the authors combine inductive link prediction with transfer learning to enable cross-network link estimation and offer a generalizable framework for predicting missing ecological interactions.
#141
2025-06-03
生物多样性
Shotgun sequencing of airborne eDNA achieves rapid assessment of whole biomes, population genetics and genomic variation
The authors report shotgun sequences from airborne environmental DNA samples, identifying local biodiversity and enabling deeper analysis of specific species and genomic regions of interest.
#142
2025-06-03
生物多样性
Thresholds of functional trait diversity driven by land use intensification
Land use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity change and ecosystem functioning. Here the authors identify thresholds of grassland plant community structure and stability in response to land use intensification.
#143
2025-05-30
进化生物
The pigment transporter Redboy confers programmed body colour transition in orchid mantises
First-instar orchid mantis nymphs avoid predators by mimicking black-red assassin bugs, whereas those in later instars avoid predators and attract prey by camouflaging themselves as lighter-coloured flowers. Here the authors use developmental transcriptomics, evolutionary genomics and predation experiments to reveal that this ontogenetic colour change is regulated by a pigment transporter called Redboy that emerged in Polyneoptera 284–197 million years ago.
#144
2025-05-28
气候变化
Geographic redistributions are insufficient to mitigate exposure to climate change in North American birds
It is unclear whether shifts in the geographic range of species can keep pace with ongoing climate change. This analysis of 406 species of North American birds reveals that mismatches between species’ niches and modern climates are increasing even for highly mobile species.
#145
2025-05-26
生态系统
Using species ranges and macroeconomic data to fill the gap in costs of biological invasions
Estimates of the monetary costs of invasive species have been hampered by data gaps. These authors use documented costs for 162 species to interpolate costs of those species for countries previously lacking data and derive global costs 1,646% higher than previous estimates.
#146
2025-05-22
生物多样性
Opportunities and challenges for monitoring terrestrial biodiversity in the robotics age
An expert-elicitation process identifies current methodological barriers for monitoring terrestrial biodiversity, and how technological and procedural development of robotic and autonomous systems may contribute to overcoming these challenges.
#147
2025-05-20
气候变化
The pan-tropical age distribution of regenerating tropical moist forest
Natural forest regeneration is key to biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. Here the authors present a high-resolution time-series map of the age of regenerating tropical moist forests and find that most are ≤5 years old, with forest characteristics and geography explaining patterns better than climate or human pressure.
#148
2025-05-20
进化生物
Long-distance seasonal migration to the tropics promotes genetic diversity but not gene flow in boreal birds
Comparative analysis of genomes of 35 boreal-breeding bird species with different migratory distances shows that long-distance migrants have spatial genetic structure, despite their longer movements, and higher genetic diversity than short-distance migrants.
#149
2025-05-19
气候变化
Aridity modulates grassland biomass responses to combined drought and nutrient addition
Grasslands tend to be limited by both nutrient and water availability. Here the authors use standardized field experiments to show that the effects of nutrient addition on grassland biomass may cancel out the negative impact of drought, but the outcome depends on aridity and other local conditions.
#150
2025-05-16
气候变化
Repeatability of evolution and genomic predictions of temperature adaptation in seed beetles
The authors compare genomic and phenotypic changes between genetic backgrounds of seed beetles evolved at hot or cold temperatures. Despite phenotypic changes being more rapid and predictable at hot temperatures, the underlying genome-wide changes are less predictable across genetic backgrounds, suggesting that genomic predictions may become difficult to implement as climates warm.
#151
2025-05-15
气候变化
Amazon rainforest adjusts to long-term experimental drought
Drought is a growing issue in tropical rainforests. Here, the authors revisit a long-term rainfall manipulation experiment in the Amazon to show that tree mortality was followed by community-level adjustments to reduced precipitation.
#152
2025-05-13
生物多样性
Dominant species predict plant richness and biomass in global grasslands
By combining modelling and simulated data with empirical data from 76 grassland sites across 6 continents, the authors show that the relative abundance of dominant species predicts species richness, while their absolute abundance predicts community biomass.
#153
2025-05-12
生态系统
Climatic differences among habitats shape the balance between maximum lifespan and life expectancy in Japanese tree species
Using Japanese forest census data, the authors define potential maximum lifespan and life expectancy for 53 tree species, finding that life expectancy is more sensitive to habitat-associated gradients, leading to a larger disparity between the two parameters in harsher habitats.
#154
2025-05-07
进化生物
Meta-analysis reveals that phenotypic plasticity and divergent selection promote reproductive isolation during incipient speciation
The authors examine factors affecting reproductive isolation in the early stages of speciation by collating data from 34 experimental speciation studies in 15 species ranging from yeast to vertebrates. They show that both phenotypic plasticity and divergent selection pressures accelerate the emergence of reproductive isolation, with plasticity promoting pre-mating isolation barriers in particular.
#155
2025-05-01
生物多样性
Geography and availability of natural habitat determine whether cropland intensification or expansion is more detrimental to biodiversity
Both agricultural expansion and intensification drive biodiversity losses. Here the authors quantify and compare globally the biodiversity impact of land conversion and yield increases.
#156
2025-04-30
生态系统
Simulated early Earth geochemistry fuels a hydrogen-dependent primordial metabolism
In an iron-sulfide chemical garden experiment that mimics the kind of hydrothermal vents that might have occurred in the early Archaean, mackinawite and greigite are precipitated and abiotic H2is produced in sufficient quantities to support exponential growth of a hyperthermophilic and hydrogenotrophic methanogen,Methanocaldococcus jannaschii.
#157
2025-04-29
气候变化
Human land use and non-native fish species erode ecosystem services by changing community size structure
Human-induced pressure may alter the size structure of animal communities. Here, the authors investigate the impact of land use, non-native species and climatic variables on the body size structure of fish communities and fishery-associated ecosystem services in the Upper Paraná Floodplain.
#158
2025-04-28
气候变化
Meeting European Union biodiversity targets under future land-use demands
Integrated spatial planning of the European Union Nature Restoration Regulation under multiple implementation scenarios is used to identify where restoration, conservation and production across Europe could maximize benefits to species conservation and climate mitigation under changing needs for food, bioenergy and timber to 2030.
#159
2025-04-28
进化生物
Repeated behavioural evolution is associated with convergence of gene expression in cavity-nesting songbirds
The authors performed phylogenetically controlled behavioural assays and analysed brain transcriptomes across five avian families, identifying convergent patterns of gene expression associated with aggression and nesting behaviour in obligate cavity-nesting birds.
#160
2025-04-28
进化生物
Widespread lack of article accessibility policies among ecology and evolution journals
An analysis of manuscript preparation guidelines across 541 ecology and evolution journals reveals widespread paucity in guidelines intended to make journal articles accessible to people with disabilities, underscoring an urgent need for journal policy reform.
#161
2025-04-23
生物多样性
Spillovers and legacies of land management on temperate woodland biodiversity
Data on beetle, bird, plant and mammal occupancy of woodland sites in UK agricultural landscapes demonstrate how contemporary spatial spillovers and legacies of past land use interact to affect species richness and community composition.
#162
2025-04-22
生态系统
Increasing severity of large-scale fires prolongs recovery time of forests globally since 2001
The authors undertake a global-scale, long-term analysis of trends in post-fire biomass recovery, examining the influence of fire severity and climatic drivers before and after 2010. They find that since 2001 forest recovery has been increasingly sensitive to fire severity.
#163
2025-04-22
生态系统
Functional redundancy compensates for decline of dominant ant species
The loss of a dominant species in a community could have major impacts on ecosystem functioning. Here, a manipulative field experiment on ants shows that species functional redundancy mitigates multifunctionality declines due to suppression of dominant species.
#164
2025-04-08
海洋
Restoration cannot be scaled up globally to save reefs from loss and degradation
An assessment of existing coral restoration projects finds that accessibility drives the choice of restoration sites more than environmental and ecological factors, and most restored reefs have been or will soon be impacted by severe bleaching.
#165
2025-03-28
进化生物
Adaptive genomic signatures of globally invasive populations of the yellow fever mosquitoAedes aegypti
Analysing phylogenetic relationships, genome-wide selective sweeps and genetic differentiation among global populations ofAedes aegypti, the authors identify adaptive signals in 186 genes related to self-domestication that distinguish the globally distributed non-African ecotype from its African ancestor.
#166
2025-03-26
海洋
Pervasive gene flow despite strong and varied reproductive barriers in swordtails
Reproductive barriers can evolve despite gene flow. A combination of genomics and behavioural assays shows two mitonuclear incompatibilities originated via ancient hybridization that underlie hybrid inviability in a pair of closely related swordtail fishes.
#167
2025-03-24
气候变化
Overwintering fires can occur in both peatlands and upland forests with varying ecological impacts
Field measurements of fires burning over winter at 20 sites in the Northwest Territories of Canada and in Alaska find that such fires occur in both peatlands and upland forests, and provide information on the ecological conditions and effects of such fires compared to single-season burns.
#168
2025-03-24
气候变化
Global hotspots of butterfly diversity are threatened in a warming world
Butterflies are a large, functionally important and charismatic invertebrate group. Here, the authors characterize global macroecological patterns of butterflies and project shifts in their bioclimatic niches under future climate scenarios.
#169
2025-03-14
气候变化
Widespread ecological novelty across the terrestrial biosphere
Even outside urban and agricultural areas, ecosystems are vastly transformed as a result of human activities. Here the authors map patterns in climate change, defaunation and floristic disruption to quantify the global exposure of ecosystems to novel conditions.
#170
2025-03-12
海洋
Fundamental constraints on vertebrate life history are shaped by aquatic–terrestrial transitions and reproductive mode
The authors examine life-history differences between terrestrial versus aquatic vertebrates and their mode of reproduction. They find that land vertebrate life histories are more constrained than aquatic ones. In particular, the results suggest a wider diversity of reproductive strategies in aquatic habitats than in terrestrial ones.
#171
2025-03-10
进化生物
Genetic basis of camouflage in an alpine plant and its long-term co-evolution with an insect herbivore
Multi-omics analysis reveals that a 254-bp transposon induces defensive camouflage in an alpine plant and reduces herbivory by caterpillars of a specialist butterfly. Protective effects of this camouflage are reflected in the long-term dynamics of co-evolving plant and butterfly populations.
#172
2025-03-05
气候变化
Quantifying disturbance effects on ecosystem services in a changing climate
A generalizable, functional-trait-based approach for quantifying the effects of disturbances to ecosystem services and economic outcomes, including under climate change, highlights the need for incorporating disturbances in ecosystem services assessments.
#173
2025-03-03
气候变化
Chimeric origins and dynamic evolution of central carbon metabolism in eukaryotes
Analysis of the eukaryotic gene repertoires mediating central carbon metabolism identifies ancestral contributions from Alphaproteobacteria, Asgardarchaeota and other microbial taxa, followed by gene loss, transfer and subcellular retargeting, which have remodelled central carbon metabolism over time.
#174
2025-02-28
进化生物
Genomic and phenotypic evidence support visual and olfactory shifts in primate evolution
An analysis of genomic, molecular and neuroanatomical traits across extant primates reveals early divergence in visual and olfactory systems of major primate lineages consistent with lineage-specific shifts in diel activity and dietary niche, providing support for a sensory ‘reallocation’ hypothesis.
#175
2025-02-28
进化生物
The complex structure of aquatic food webs emerges from a few assembly rules
The structure of aquatic food webs does not fit standard allometric predictions. Here the authors explain the co-evolution of specialist and non-specialist predators in aquatic food webs and how this helps reconstruct food webs on the basis of a relatively small number of observations.
#176
2025-02-25
进化生物
Paternity analysis reveals sexual selection on cognitive performance in mosquitofish
The authors find that male mosquitofish with greater inhibitory control and better spatial learning ability gain a significantly higher share of paternity than do more impulsive males, suggesting that these cognitive abilities are under direct sexual selection in male mosquitofish.
#177
2025-02-19
海洋
Strategic planning could reduce farm-scale mariculture impacts on marine biodiversity while expanding seafood production
Estimating both current and future environmental impacts of global mariculture production on marine biodiversity, the authors show that, with strategic planning, it is possible to increase finfish and bivalve production to meet global demand while also achieving decreases in cumulative impacts to marine biodiversity by up to 30.5% in 2050.
#178
2025-02-18
进化生物
Archaean green-light environments drove the evolution of cyanobacteria’s light-harvesting system
Cyanobacteria use both chlorophylls and phycobilins to absorb light energy, and authors here use cultivation experiments, numerical simulations and protein phylogenetics to argue that cyanobacteria evolved in a green-light environment during the Archaean era in which green-specialized phycobilins would have been selectively advantageous.
#179
2025-02-17
生物多样性
Ambitions in national plans do not yet match bold international protection and restoration commitments
Analysis of the 36 National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans that were submitted to the Convention on Biological Diversity by 21 October 2024 reveal that no nation has yet created a plan that meets all elements of targets 2 and 3 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
#180
2025-02-17
生态系统
Multispecies migratory connectivity indicates hemispheric-scale risk to bird populations from global change
On the basis of data from >329,000 migratory birds, this study presents multispecies migratory connectivity as a parameter representing exposure to global change and shows that connections between breeding regions in Canada and non-breeding regions in South America are at greatest risk from global change.
#181
2025-02-14
进化生物
Origin and stepwise evolution of vertebrate lungs
An analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from adult and developing lungs across vertebrate species reveals genetic components in the common ancestor of jawed vertebrates and new lung-specific enhancers that contribute to the evolution of vertebrate lungs.
#182
2025-02-07
进化生物
Macroevolution along developmental lines of least resistance in fly wings
Analysing wing shapes within and across distantly related dipteran lineages, the authors show that intrapopulation variation reflecting microevolutionary change can predict deep divergence at macroevolutionary timescales spanning 185 million years, and suggest that this pattern can be explained by correlational selection related to allometric scaling.
#183
2025-02-07
进化生物
Comparative genomics provides insights into chromosomal evolution and immunological adaptation in horseshoe bats
A comparative analysis of bat genomes, including five newly assembled chromosome-scale genomes, provides insights into the diversification of horseshoe bats and reveals molecular adaptations with a potential role in antiviral immune response.
#184
2025-02-05
生物多样性
The current state, opportunities and challenges for upscaling private investment in biodiversity in Europe
Semistructured interviews and focus groups with experts in biodiversity finance in Europe identify opportunities and barriers to upscaling private investment in biodiversity, and emphasize that public policy is the key to enabling progression.
#185
2025-01-24
进化生物
Evolutionary divergence between homologous X–Y chromosome genes shapes sex-biased biology
Based on co-expression fingerprint analysis between homologous genes in the X and Y chromosomes (gametolog pairs) across >40 human tissues, the authors suggest that X and Y gametologs have diverged in function.
#186
2025-01-21
生物多样性
Insights from a century of data reveal global trends in ex situ living plant collections
The authors collate a meta-collection of ex situ living plant diversity held in 50 botanical collections worldwide, spanning a century of data and currently containing ~500,000 accessions. Their analyses examine the capacities and constraints within living plant collections, reveal the impact of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its consequences for material exchange and conservation, and call for the re-evaluation of strategic priorities.
#187
2025-01-17
进化生物
Pre-exposure of abundant species to disturbance improves resilience in microbial metacommunities
Community resilience to stress is affected by factors such as pre-exposure to the same stress and intercommunity dispersal. The authors show that pre-exposing the most dominant members of a 23-species bacterial community to different levels of antibiotic stress leads to rapid evolution of resistance that improves metacommunity resilience even under high levels of dispersal.
#188
2025-01-15
生态系统
Asymmetric sensitivity of boreal forest resilience to forest gain and loss
Boreal forests have been experiencing both gains and losses in recent decades. Here, the authors show that boreal forest resilience is more sensitive to forest cover losses than to gains, indicating that functional declines due to forest loss outpace improvements following forest recovery.
#189
2025-01-09
生态系统
No winter halt in below-ground wood growth of four angiosperm deciduous tree species
As wood growth in deciduous tree stems halts during winter, it has been assumed that wood growth in coarse roots follows the same pattern. This study on the growth of stem and coarse roots of four European tree species challenges the assumption of winter halt in below-ground wood growth of temperate deciduous trees.
#190
2025-01-06
微生物
Collective dynamical regimes predict invasion success and impacts in microbial communities
Predicting invasion outcomes in microbial communities is challenging. Here the authors demonstrate that these outcomes in both theoretical and experimental microbial communities can be predicted based on community dynamics, diversity and species interactions.
#191
2025-01-02
生态系统
Relationship between wind speed and plant hydraulics at the global scale
A global analysis of hydraulic traits in 1,922 woody plant species shows that wind speed has substantial effects on key traits related to plant water transport, independently of other climatic factors.
#192
2024-12-27
进化生物
Ecological and anthropogenic effects on the genomic diversity of lemurs in Madagascar
Analysis of the genomes of 50 species of Lemuriformes shows high levels of genomic diversity, likely due to allele sharing, as well as population declines and inbreeding patterns resulting from ecological factors and human impacts in Madagascar.
#193
2024-12-23
生态系统
Frequency-dependent assembly processes determine the coexistence and relative abundance of tropical plant species
Ecological communities may arise through distinct assembly processes, which are difficult to disentangle. Here the authors show that deterministic niche-based, not neutral dispersal, assembly processes explain the vast majority of the structure of a tropical forest liana community.
#194
2024-12-23
生物多样性
The cost of recovering Australia’s threatened species
An estimated AU$583 billion per year cost of in situ recovery of terrestrial and freshwater species in Australia, including through habitat restoration and retention and management of invasive species, is not an expected conservation budget, but exemplifies the severe cost of nature declines.
#195
2024-12-23
进化生物
Evolution of sexual size dimorphism in tetrapods is driven by varying patterns of sex-specific selection on size
A phylogenetic comparative analysis of male and female body size across tetrapods globally shows that directional change in size is usually greater in males but reveals different underlying mechanisms among lineages.
#196
2024-12-13
进化生物
Ignoring population structure in hominin evolutionary models can lead to the inference of spurious admixture events
Simulating a metapopulation of human evolution without Neanderthal introgression intoHomo sapiensstill identifies Neanderthal fragments in simulated genomes, and an admixture event that never took place. This indicates that population structure must be accounted for in human evolutionary genomics and that putative ancient hybridization events should be reinterpreted in this light.
#197
2024-12-11
生态系统
Loss of pollinator diversity consistently reduces reproductive success for wild and cultivated plants
A meta-analysis finds that decreasing diversity of pollinator species has a negative affect on multiple measures of plant reproductive success, with wild plant species affected more than cultivated species, and loss of invertebrate, nocturnal and wild pollinators being particularly problematic.
#198
2024-12-10
生态系统
Winner–loser plant trait replacements in human-modified tropical forests
Tropical forest landscapes are increasingly being modified by human activities. Here the authors apply a causal inference approach to Neotropical forest data to disentangle the role of landscape-level and local drivers and reveal replacement of ‘loser’ by ‘winner’ tree species with distinct functional profiles.
#199
2024-12-09
气候变化
Phenological divergence between plants and animals under climate change
Climate change is inducing widespread shifts in the phenology of terrestrial organisms. This global analysis reveals a growing asymmetry between plant and animal responses, with more pronounced phenological shifts in plants.
#200
2024-12-04
进化生物
Inversions contribute disproportionately to parallel genomic divergence in dune sunflowers
Analysis of habitat data, quantitative trait locus mapping of seed size and selective sweeps show parallel selection acting on inversions in two independent dune ecotypes of the prairie sunflower,Helianthus petiolaris.
#201
2024-12-04
生态系统
Neonatal antipredator tactics shape female movement patterns in large herbivores
Combining a large-scale dataset of 23 ungulate species (in which newborns follow contrasting tactics of predator avoidance) with continuous-time stochastic movement models, the authors reveal that there are multiple dimensions of maternal movement behaviour and space use.
#202
2024-12-03
进化生物
Global decoupling of functional and phylogenetic diversity in plant communities
Functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity are expected to be positively correlated. Here the authors show that the covariation between these metrics in vascular plant communities around the world is often either inconsistent or negative.
#203
2024-11-29
进化生物
Environmental filtering, not dispersal history, explains global patterns of phylogenetic turnover in seed plants at deep evolutionary timescales
This modelling study integrates comprehensive regional plant inventories, environmental conditions and palaeogeographical reconstructions to assess the relative roles of environmental filtering and dispersal barriers in shaping global seed plant diversity, demonstrating that environmental filtering has a persistent effect on species distribution patterns across evolutionary timescales.
#204
2024-11-27
进化生物
Reduced evolutionary constraint accompanies ongoing radiation in deep-sea anglerfishes
Based on phylogenomic and geometric morphometric analyses of 132 anglerfish species, the authors infer a Cretaceous origin of the clade and show that bathypelagic anglerfish are undergoing rapid phenotypic diversification despite inhabiting a relatively homogeneous deep-sea habitat.
#205
2024-11-25
气候变化
Causal inference concepts can guide research into the effects of climate on infectious diseases
A series of case studies is used to illustrate how concepts from causal interference can be used to guide research into the effects of weather on the transmission and population dynamics of infectious diseases.
#206
2024-11-22
进化生物
Genomics of a sexually selected sperm ornament and female preference inDrosophila
A comparative analysis of morphological data across 149 species of Drosophilidae shows that sperm length in males has co-evolved with the length of the sperm-storage organ in females. Combining a genome-wide association study of these traits inDrosophilamelanogasterwith molecular evolutionary analyses of the genomes of 15Drosophilaspecies, the authors find that the genetic architecture underlying sperm length is associated with indirect genetic benefits in females, providing support for the ‘good genes’ hypothesis.
#207
2024-11-22
进化生物
Asynchronous abundance fluctuations can drive giant genotype frequency fluctuations
Based on a combination of experiments and modelling, this study shows large stochastic fluctuations in genotype frequencies caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with implications for population dynamics and evolution.
#208
2024-11-20
进化生物
Inferring DNA methylation in non-skeletal tissues of ancient specimens
The authors show that DNA methylation patterns in one tissue can inform on those in another, under certain conditions, and devise an algorithm that allows identification of differential DNA methylation. They applied it to an archaic human dataset, revealing information about human brain evolution in the absence of preserved brain tissue.
#209
2024-11-18
微生物
Anthropogenic land consolidation intensifies zoonotic host diversity loss and disease transmission in human habitats
A 43-year dataset of rodents in the Hu region of China reveals how urbanization-induced changes to land-use configuration affect rodent community composition, including benefitting striped field mice, the primary local hosts of the zoonotic pathogen Hantaan virus.
#210
2024-11-15
气候变化
Limits to the ability of carbon farming projects to deliver benefits for threatened species
An assessment of the Australian carbon credit units scheme finds that most current projects under the scheme overlap the habitats of few threatened species. The findings generate lessons for the planned development of a national biodiversity market based on the ACCU scheme.
#211
2024-11-13
进化生物
Plasticity and environment-specific relationships between gene expression and fitness inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Measuring how mutations in the promoter of a metabolic gene modified its expression level and affected growth ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaein four environments, the authors show that the effects of mutations on gene expression and the relationships between expression levels and fitness vary among environments.
#212
2024-11-08
气候变化
Weakening of global terrestrial carbon sequestration capacity under increasing intensity of warm extremes
Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and may have disproportionate effects on carbon cycling. Here, the authors quantify the impact of warm extreme occurrences on terrestrial carbon sequestration capacity over the past 40 years.
#213
2024-11-04
进化生物
Exaptation of an evolutionary constraint enables behavioural control over the composition of secreted venom in a giant centipede
Uneven toxin production in giant centipedes due to morphological and physiological constraints has been evolutionarily exapted through neuromuscular innervation and neurotransmitter stimulation to provide behavioural control over venom composition.
#214
2024-11-01
进化生物
Evolutionary integration of forelimb and hindlimb proportions within the bat wing membrane inhibits ecological adaptation
Contrary to expectations from studies of birds, ecological radiation in crown bats is associated with strong trait integration both within and between forelimb and hindlimb.
#215
2024-10-29
古生物
An Initial Upper Palaeolithic attribution is not empirically supported at Shiyu, northern China
摘要暂缺
#216
2024-10-29
古生物
Reply to: An Initial Upper Palaeolithic attribution is not empirically supported at Shiyu, northern China
摘要暂缺
#217
2024-10-29
古生物
Diverse prehistoric cattle husbandry strategies in the forests of Central Europe
Stable isotope analysis of zooarchaeological remains and pottery in a palaeo-environmental framework reveals that early Central European farmers utilized diverse regional pasturing strategies for cattle, including the use of forested environments for grazing and seasonal foddering.
#218
2024-10-23
进化生物
Gradual exacerbation of obstetric constraints during hominoid evolution implied by re-evaluation of cephalopelvic fit in chimpanzees
The ‘obstetrical dilemma’ hypothesis states that opposing selective pressures from an increased neonatal brain size and efficient bipedal locomotion constrain the birth canal in humans. However, three-dimensional simulations of chimpanzee fetopelvic fit indicate a constricted midpelvis comparable to humans, indicative of obstetric constraints that may be shared with apes thereby suggesting a gradual exacerbation of birth difficulty in hominoid evolution.
#219
2024-10-18
生态系统
Hemichordatecis-regulatory genomics and the gene expression dynamics of deuterostomes
Analysis of transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility of multiple developmental stages of the indirect-developing hemichordatePtychodera flavashows similar transcriptional dynamics of different developmental stages across hemichordates, echinoderms and chordates.
#220
2024-10-16
气候变化
Rapid shifts in grassland communities driven by climate change
Plant community responses to climate change tend to be lagged in forests, but could be faster in grasslands. Here, the authors integrate long-term experimental data with >1 million occurrence records for >300 species, finding grassland community shifts towards species associated with warmer and drier conditions at a pace that aligns with that of climate change.
#221
2024-10-15
气候变化
The global distribution and drivers of wood density and their impact on forest carbon stocks
Wood density is an important plant trait. Data from 1.1 million forest inventory plots and 10,703 tree species show a latitudinal gradient in wood density, with temperature and soil moisture explaining variation at the global scale and disturbance also having a role at the local level.
#222
2024-10-11
生态系统
The Cabrières Biota is not a Konservat-Lagerstätte
摘要暂缺
#223
2024-10-11
生态系统
Reply to: The Cabrières Biota is not a Konservat-Lagerstätte
摘要暂缺
#224
2024-10-08
气候变化
Warming and disturbances affect Arctic-boreal vegetation resilience across northwestern North America
Climate change is causing both greening and disturbances in high-latitude vegetation. Here the authors quantify patterns and trends of vegetation resilience in northwestern North America during 2000–2019 and link them to climate-driven land-cover changes and fire disturbance.
#225
2024-10-04
微生物
Species traits, landscape quality and floral resource overlap with honeybees determine virus transmission in plant–pollinator networks
Human-driven landscape change may alter disease transmission among insect pollinators. Here, the authors show that species traits, flower-rich habitat and floral resource overlap with honeybees explain load and prevalence of viruses in wild bees and hoverflies co-occurring with honeybees.
#226
2024-09-27
进化生物
Integrative taxonomy clarifies the evolution of a cryptic primate clade
A spatial taxonomic framework integrating genomic, morphological, ecological, life history and acoustic data is used to clarify the cryptic evolution of the taxonomically controversial mouse lemur complex, with a view to aiding future conservation of this and other similarly cryptic clades.
#227
2024-09-27
进化生物
Genomic and fitness consequences of a near-extinction event in the northern elephant seal
Analysis of northern elephant seal populations shows no evidence of inbreeding depression, probably because a recent extreme bottleneck purged much of the genetic load.
#228
2024-09-26
进化生物
A large-scale in silico replication of ecological and evolutionary studies
Large-scale, direct replications of ecological and evolutionary studies are difficult to conduct. This paper applies statistical methods to meta-analyses of ecological and evolutionary studies to estimate replicability.
#229
2024-09-24
气候变化
Unexpected sustained soil carbon flux in response to simultaneous warming and nitrogen enrichment compared with single factors alone
Long-term warming of soils causes carbon loss, whereas chronic nitrogen enrichment causes carbon gain. Here, in an experiment that combined both factors, soil respiration was significantly higher than with either factor alone, without an associated decline in soil carbon.
#230
2024-09-23
海洋
Multidimensional social influence drives leadership and composition-dependent success in octopus–fish hunting groups
Using three-dimensional field-based tracking and field experiments, the authors find that octopus–fish collective hunting groups exhibit complex functional dynamics and composition-dependent properties, in which different members of the group lead on different decisions.
#231
2024-09-19
进化生物
9,000 years of genetic continuity in southernmost Africa demonstrated at Oakhurst rockshelter
Oakhurst rockshelter in South Africa documents marked cultural change during the Holocene, but genome-wide data from ancient human individuals at the site now demonstrate a remarkable degree of genetic continuity over the last 9,000 years: the contemporary ‡Khomani San and Karretjiemense from South Africa still show direct signs of relatedness to the Oakhurst hunter-gatherers.
#232
2024-09-18
气候变化
Migratory lifestyle carries no added overall energy cost in a partial migratory songbird
The energetic costs of seasonal bird migration are challenging to measure. Here bio-loggers paired with radio telemetry and energetic modelling show that blackbirds offset the energetic cost of migration by decreasing heart rate and body temperature 28 days before departure but do not decrease total daily energy expenditure in warmer wintering areas.
#233
2024-09-18
进化生物
Evolutionary shift of a tipping point can precipitate, or forestall, collapse in a microbial community
Empirical evidence on how evolution affects the stability of ecological communities is scarce. Here, using two-species microbial assemblages as a model system, the authors show that adaptation can alter the tipping points of an ecological community.
#234
2024-09-16
海洋
Lake-centred sedentary lifestyle of early Tibetan Plateau Indigenous populations at high elevation 4,400 years ago
Ancient DNA, stable isotopes and other archaeological methods establish that humans were living at extremely high elevation on the Tibetan Plateau 4,400 years ago, maintaining sedentary lifestyles that combined fishing, hunting and crop exchange.
#235
2024-09-11
进化生物
Evolution of evolvability in rapidly adapting populations
Evolvability modifier mutations alter the rates and benefits of future mutations, but it is difficult to predict when they will be favoured by natural selection. A mathematical framework shows that competition between linked mutations can drive strong selection for modifiers and that subtle differences in evolvability can affect the long-term success of mutations.
#236
2024-09-09
进化生物
International wildlife trade quotas are characterized by high compliance and coverage but insufficient adaptive management
Analysis of more than 7,000 quotas for reptile trade from around the world identifies that few quotas are exceeded, although quotas often exceed pre-quota trade volumes, and that many quotas remain unchanged, with the longest-running quotas proportionately changing the least.
#237
2024-09-09
气候变化
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi equalize differences in plant fitness and facilitate plant species coexistence through niche differentiation
A controlled greenhouse study that manipulated the presence of both ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at a range of conspecific and heterospecific plant competitor densities shows that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote plant species coexistence by equalizing fitness differences and stabilizing competition.
#238
2024-09-05
生态系统
Latitudinal gradients in seed predation persist in urbanized environments
Seed predation increases from the Arctic to the tropics, but it is unknown whether urbanization disrupts this latitudinal pattern. An experimental study conducted across the Americas shows that the latitudinal gradient in predation holds in urban areas, even though total seed predation is reduced.
#239
2024-09-05
生态系统
Islands are engines of language diversity
Constructing and exploring a global database, the authors find that 10% of the world’s languages are endemic to islands (a disproportionately large amount) and island area predicts number of languages. However, languages appear not to conform to all predictions of island biogeography theory.
#240
2024-09-04
气候变化
Phenology varies with phylogeny but not by trophic level with climate change
Data from 1,279 time series across 29 taxonomic classes analysed with a Bayesian phylogenetic model shows that species phenology has advanced by 3.1 days per decade on average, with the timing of events varying by phylogeny but no evidence of differences in phenological shifts by trophic level.
#241
2024-09-03
生态系统
The productivity–stability trade-off in global food systems
A synthesis of empirical and theoretical literature shows the extent to which food production has homogenized and rewired food webs to increase productivity but with negative consequences for stability.
#242
2024-09-02
气候变化
Advances in breeding phenology outpace latitudinal and elevational shifts for North American birds tracking temperature
Analysis of North American landbirds compares their latitudinal, elevational and phenological responses to climate change. Species have tracked 33% of current temperature change, with phenological change accounting for the majority (64%) of this.
#243
2024-08-29
生物多样性
Plant diversity enhances ecosystem multifunctionality via multitrophic diversity
Research on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships tends to focus on single trophic groups. This analysis of two biodiversity experiments, representing forests and grasslands, shows that plant diversity promotes ecosystem multifunctionality not only directly, but also by enhancing the diversity of other trophic levels.
#244
2024-08-28
进化生物
Sugar assimilation underlying dietary evolution of Neotropical bats
An analysis of Neotropical bats with different diets reveals molecular and physiological mechanisms of dietary diversification and sugar assimilation.
#245
2024-08-28
进化生物
Plasmid-encoded insertion sequences promote rapid adaptation in clinical enterobacteria
Combining experimental and within-patient evolution analyses, the authors show that the widespread conjugative plasmid pOXA-48 promotes bacterial evolution through the transposition of plasmid-encoded insertion sequence IS1 elements.
#246
2024-08-27
生态系统
Soil health is associated with higher primary productivity across Europe
Geographic patterns in plant growth are probably influenced by soil abiotic and biotic conditions. Here, the authors assess the relationship of a composite soil health index to primary productivity and the underlying environmental predictors across major land-use types in Europe.
#247
2024-08-26
生态系统
Reply to: Identification of old coding regions disproves the hominoid de novo status of genes
摘要暂缺
#248
2024-08-26
生态系统
Identification of old coding regions disproves the hominoid de novo status of genes
摘要暂缺
#249
2024-08-26
进化生物
Larger colony sizes favoured the evolution of more worker castes in ants
Using data from 794 ant species, the authors test alternative causal models to explain the evolution of complexity in ant colonies. They find evidence that larger colony sizes favoured the evolution of greater division of labour, providing support for the size–complexity hypothesis.
#250
2024-08-26
气候变化
The genetic architecture of repeated local adaptation to climate in distantly related plants
Analysis of genomic data from 25 distantly related plant species shows signatures of selection on the same gene families and functions that repeatedly contributed to local adaptation to climate.
#251
2024-08-20
进化生物
Spatial sampling bias influences our understanding of early hominin evolution in eastern Africa
The Eastern African Rift System (EARS) is a key location for the hominin fossil record, but the fact that it samples a narrow section of the continent has long been known. The authors tackle this known (but largely unaddressed) bias by sampling the distribution and morphospace of extant mammals in the rift, showing that the eastern branch of the EARS fails to capture the full range of diversity and morphology. This approach could be helpful to place confidence intervals on extinct habitat reconstructions, controlling for spatial bias.
#252
2024-08-16
进化生物
Single-cell analysis of the amphioxus hepatic caecum and vertebrate liver reveals genetic mechanisms of vertebrate liver evolution
Comparative analysis of single-cell data from the amphioxus hepatic caecum and the liver of several vertebrates shows how genome duplication contributes to cellular diversification and functional complexity of the vertebrate liver.
#253
2024-08-16
进化生物
Parallel loss of sexual reproduction in field populations of a brown alga sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the emergence of asexuality
Analysis of gamete transcriptomes of sexual and asexual individuals of the brown algaScytosiphonshows decay of female functions but no signature of relaxation of sexual antagonism in the evolution of asexual reproduction in this haploid sexual system.
#254
2024-08-15
海洋
Atolls are globally important sites for tropical seabirds
A global model compiling seabird surveys finds that 37 seabird species and around 25% of the world’s tropical seabird individuals nest on atolls, where they act as major nutrient pumps within tropical oceans.
#255
2024-08-12
进化生物
Extremely acidic proteomes and metabolic flexibility in bacteria and highly diversified archaea thriving in geothermal chaotropic brines
Metagenome analysis of microbial communities from the Danakil Depression shows that haloarchaea and Nanohaloarchaeota dominate these life-limiting salt-saturated conditions and that these archaea have the most acidic proteomes observed so far.
#256
2024-08-08
气候变化
Century-long timelines of herbarium genomes predict plant stomatal response to climate change
Exploring genomic data from contemporary and 191Arabidopsis thalianaherbarium specimens collected over 193 years, the authors identify signs of local adaptation in regulators of stomatal development in contemporary samples from different geographic regions, then use functional scoring to identify a genetic component contributing to this change.
#257
2024-08-07
气候变化
Water limitation regulates positive feedback of increased ecosystem respiration
Eddy covariance CO2flux measurements across 212 globally distributed sites reveal a threshold above which ecosystem respiration is temperature limited and below which it is water limited.
#258
2024-08-07
气候变化
Temperature and biodiversity influence community stability differently in birds and fishes
Four temperature components are shown to have different effects on diversity–synchrony–stability relationships in 1,246 bird communities versus 580 fish communities from temperate regions.
#259
2024-08-05
进化生物
Widening global variability in grassland biomass since the 1980s
Remotely sensed NDVI data and contemporary field data from 84 grasslands on 6 continents show increasing divergence in aboveground plant biomass between sites in different bioclimatic regions.
#260
2024-08-01
生态系统
Indigenous-led designation and management of culturally significant species
Indigenous-led structured decision-making workshops with local Indigenous people on Bundjalung Country in Australia identified and prioritized culturally significant species and determined Bundjalung-led actions for the management of these culturally significant entities.
#261
2024-07-26
生态系统
Generalism in species interactions is more the consequence than the cause of ecological success
Generalism is often assumed to be a cause of species success. This analysis of mutualistic, commensalistic and parasitic interactions supports the alternative causal hypothesis that generalism is the consequence of ecological success.
#262
2024-07-26
气候变化
Transitions between colour mechanisms affect speciation dynamics and range distributions of birds
Combining geographic information, climate data and colour mechanism at broad phylogenetic and spatial scales, the authors determine how transitions between pigmentary and structural colours influence bird speciation dynamics.
#263
2024-07-26
生态系统
Shared features of blastula and neural crest stem cells evolved at the base of vertebrates
Comparison of neural crest and pluripotency gene regulatory networks ofXenopusand lamprey reveals shared regulatory factors in the last common ancestor of extant vertebrates and suggests common molecular features of blastula and neural crest stem cells.
#264
2024-07-25
进化生物
Morphological innovation did not drive diversification in Mesozoic–Cenozoic brachiopods
Analysing more than 1,000 genera of four major orders of brachiopods spanning the Permian to the Quaternary, the authors find that despite low levels of taxonomic richness after the Permian/Triassic mass extinction, brachiopods continued to innovate morphologically, indicative of high evolutionary adaptability.
#265
2024-07-25
生态系统
Mapping every adult baobab (Adansonia digitataL.) across the Sahel and relationships to rural livelihoods
Sub-metre-resolution satellite imagery is used to identify the presence of nearly 2.8 million baobab trees in the Sahel, with 94% of rural buildings in Senegal having at least one baobab tree in their immediate surroundings. The abundance of baobabs is associated with a higher likelihood of people consuming highly nutritious dark green leafy vegetables.
#266
2024-07-24
进化生物
Iron-coated Komodo dragon teeth and the complex dental enamel of carnivorous reptiles
Chemical and structural imaging of Komodo dragon teeth reveals that they maintain their sharp cutting edges through iron-enriched coatings, a unique adaptation compared with theropod dinosaurs (for which they have previously been used as an extant model).
#267
2024-07-24
进化生物
Ecological dynamics of moa extinctions reveal convergent refugia that today harbour flightless birds
Reconstructing Holocene range and extinction dynamics of moa (order Dinornithiformes), the authors determine that despite interspecifically different dynamics, spatial patterns of collapse were probably similar. They also find that the likely final refugia for moa were in the same areas and ecological conditions where New Zealand’s remaining flightless birds persist today.
#268
2024-07-19
进化生物
The brittle star genome illuminates the genetic basis of animal appendage regeneration
A newly sequenced genome of the brittle starAmphiura filiformisand gene expression profiling of adult arm regeneration reveal genes with conserved expression dynamics across invertebrates and vertebrates.
#269
2024-07-18
进化生物
Evolutionary origin of the chordate nervous system revealed by amphioxus developmental trajectories
Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data from seven amphioxus embryo stages informs the evolution of chordate cell type evolution and reveals three developmental origins for the vertebrate nervous system.
#270
2024-07-17
进化生物
Environmental memory alters the fitness effects of adaptive mutations in fluctuating environments
A combination of experimental evolution of barcoded yeast lineages evolving in static and fluctuating conditions with math modelling shows that environmental fluctuations have non-additive effects on fitness.
#271
2024-07-16
生态系统
Co-inheritance of recombined chromatids maintains heterozygosity in a parthenogenetic ant
This study reports non-random segregation of chromosomes during meiosis in the clonal raider ant,Ooceraea biroi, but no loss of heterozygosity because crossover products are faithfully co-inherited.
#272
2024-07-15
进化生物
Long-term biotic homogenization in the East African Rift System over the last 6 million years of hominin evolution
Spatial beta diversity analyses of mammalian fossil records from the East African Rift System reveal long-term biotic homogenization over the last six million years, a key time frame and context for human evolution.
#273
2024-07-15
生物多样性
Socio-economic and environmental trade-offs in Amazonian protected areas and Indigenous territories revealed by assessing competing land uses
The authors find that protected areas and Indigenous territories in the Brazilian Amazon are highly effective at reducing deforestation driven by agriculture and legal mining concessions, but Indigenous territories typically generate smaller socio-economic benefits than strict and sustainable-use protected areas.
#274
2024-07-12
进化生物
The nature of the last universal common ancestor and its impact on the early Earth system
Integration of phylogenetics, comparative genomics and palaeobiological approaches suggests that the last universal common ancestor lived about 4.2 billion years ago and was a complex prokaryote-grade anaerobic acetogen that was part of an ecosystem.
#275
2024-07-08
进化生物
Co-evolutionary dynamics of mammalian brain and body size
Analysis of mammalian brain and body mass reveals a curvilinear relationship contrary to assumptions of log-linear power laws. As mammals grow larger, increases in brain mass compared to body mass diminish.
#276
2024-07-08
生态系统
Floristic diversity and its relationships with human land use varied regionally during the Holocene
Analysing data from 64,305 Holocene pollen samples worldwide, the authors reveal regionally variable long-term diversity trends associated with human impact over the last 8,000 years.
#277
2024-07-04
进化生物
Viperin immunity evolved across the tree of life through serial innovations on a conserved scaffold
Systematic analysis of viperin sequences, a family of immune genes that are highly conserved across diverse prokaryotes and eukaryotes, shows that eukaryotic viperins were acquired from archaea and provides information about their evolutionary dynamics.
#278
2024-07-04
气候变化
Global evaluation of current and future threats to drylands and their vertebrate biodiversity
Drylands face multiple anthropogenic stressors globally. Here the authors assess protected area coverage and current threats of vertebrate diversity in global drylands and project impacts under future climate and socioeconomic scenarios.
#279
2024-07-03
生态系统
Insufficient pollinator visitation often limits yield in crop systems worldwide
Measurements of plant–pollinator interactions and crop yields for 32 crops in 120 study systems show that 28–61% of crop systems globally are pollinator limited and that realistic increases in pollinator visitation could close yield gaps.
#280
2024-07-02
进化生物
Metabolic complexity drives divergence in microbial communities
A longitudinal analysis of microbial community assembly dynamics reveals that communities cultured in metabolically complex media are more different from each other than those cultured in simpler media. Using consumer-resource model simulations, the authors demonstrate that the breakdown of complex metabolites by specialist taxa may promote cross-feeding between community members and allow for the assembly of more diverse communities.
#281
2024-07-01
进化生物
Extant and extinct bilby genomes combined with Indigenous knowledge improve conservation of a unique Australian marsupial
A chromosome-level genome assembly for the Ninu (greater bilby) and genome sequences for the extinct Yallara (lesser bilby), together with resequenced genomes, shed light on the demographic history of Ninu and inform conservation plans for this culturally and ecologically important marsupial.
#282
2024-06-27
生态系统
Tree phytochemical diversity and herbivory are higher in the tropics
A comparative analysis of community metabolomics and herbivore-induced damage in tropical, subtropical and subalpine tree communities shows that both phytochemical diversity and herbivory were higher in tropical communities, providing support to the latitudinal biotic interactions hypothesis.
#283
2024-06-24
气候变化
Increasing frequency and intensity of the most extreme wildfires on Earth
Analysis of fire radiative power derived from satellite data finds that the frequency of extreme fire events increased 2.2-fold from 2003 to 2023 and that these increases were mostly driven by extreme fires in temperate conifer and boreal forest biomes.
#284
2024-06-24
生物多样性
Habitat amount modulates biodiversity responses to fragmentation
How biodiversity responds to habitat fragmentation per se is debated. Here the authors combine metacommunity simulations with reanalysis of empirical metacommunities to show that the amount of habitat loss modulates the response of biodiversity to fragmentation.
#285
2024-06-21
进化生物
Selection against domestication alleles in introduced rabbit populations
Analysis of 297 whole-genome sequences of six introduced European rabbit populations, domestic rabbits and wild rabbits from the native range shows wild and domestic ancestry in introduced rabbit populations and purging of alleles for domesticated traits when rabbits colonized novel natural environments.
#286
2024-06-12
古生物
Transformation of β-sheets into disordered structures during the fossilization of feathers
摘要暂缺
#287
2024-06-12
古生物
Reply to: Transformation of β-sheets into disordered structures during the fossilization of feathers
摘要暂缺
#288
2024-06-12
气候变化
Gaps and opportunities in modelling human influence on species distributions in the Anthropocene
A systematic review of 12,854 articles that use species distribution modelling shows that only 1,429 include human predictors as well as environmental ones. Half of those that include human predictors alongside future climate projections keep the human factors constant over time. The article discusses the need for greater inclusion of human predictors to inform policy and management.
#289
2024-06-12
生态系统
Morphology shapes community dynamics in early animal ecosystems
The authors investigate epifaunal tiering and ecological succession within the oldest preserved animal communities, those of the Ediacaran Avalon assemblage (574–560 Ma), identifying four community types that form irrespective of succession and finding that tiering is prevalent in three community types.
#290
2024-06-11
进化生物
Heterogeneous selectivity and morphological evolution of marine clades during the Permian–Triassic mass extinction
Using a deep learning method that extracts morphological features from images of marine fossils, the authors explore morphological disparity dynamics over a time series of 4 million years, spanning the Permian–Triassic mass extinction event.
#291
2024-06-10
生态系统
A somatic genetic clock for clonal species
This study develops a somatic molecular clock based on the accumulation of fixed somatic genetic variation that segregates among clonally produced organisms and applies it to the eelgrassZostera marina.
#292
2024-06-10
生态系统
African elephants address one another with individually specific name-like calls
Machine learning analyses and playback experiments in wild African elephants suggest that individuals address conspecifics with name-like calls that do not rely on imitation of the receiver.
#293
2024-06-07
微生物
Meta-analysis reveals the effects of microbial inoculants on the biomass and diversity of soil microbial communities
A meta-analysis of 335 studies reveals that microbial inoculants have overall positive effects on the biomass of soil microbial communities. These effects were weakened by environmental stress and strengthened by the use of fertilizers and native inoculants.
#294
2024-06-05
海洋
Understanding diversity–synchrony–stability relationships in multitrophic communities
Most diversity–synchrony–stability studies are conducted on a single trophic level. A multitrophic assessment of algae–herbivore assemblages across five long-term tropical and temperate marine system datasets demonstrates the varied and complex nature of diversity–synchrony–stability relationships.
#295
2024-06-05
进化生物
Fine-scale contemporary recombination variation and its fitness consequences in adaptively diverging stickleback fish
The authors build recombination maps of marine, freshwater and hybrid sticklebacks at a scale of 3.8 kb, examining differences in recombination rates and evolutionary implications in populations undergoing adaptive divergence. They find evidence of recombination suppression in hybrids and reduced fitness of recombinants in a natural hybrid zone.
#296
2024-06-03
气候变化
Regime shifts in rocky intertidal communities associated with a marine heatwave and disease outbreak
A 15-year experiment at rocky intertidal sites on the northwestern US coast documents kelp, barnacle and mussel abundances before, during and after a multi-year marine heatwave and an outbreak of sea star wasting disease, including changes to communities that did not recover after return to baseline conditions.
#297
2024-05-29
气候变化
Climate change may reveal currently unavailable parts of species’ ecological niches
Niche contiguity occurs when only current climatic conditions are used to estimate the niche of a species, ignoring potential niche expansion under climate change. An assessment of 24,944 species shows that nearly half exhibit niche contiguity, which can lead to overestimates of biodiversity loss under climate change.
#298
2024-05-27
生态系统
Limited herbivore migration during the Last Glacial Period of Kenya
Analysing strontium isotope ratios for individuals of 18 bovid and equid species dating to the Last Glacial Period (115–11.7 ka), the authors find that 16 of these species lack definitive evidence of migration, even those species that are long-distance migrants today.
#299
2024-05-21
海洋
Inland navigation and land use interact to impact European freshwater biodiversity
An analysis of fish and macroinvertebrate communities in European rivers over 32 years shows that inland ship traffic is associated with declining taxonomic richness, diversity and trait richness and with increased taxonomic evenness.
#300
2024-05-20
海洋
Directed conservation of the world’s reef sharks and rays
A survey of sharks and rays on coral reefs within 66 marine protected areas across 36 countries showcases that the conservation benefits of full MPA protection to sharks almost double when accompanied by effective fisheries management.
#301
2024-05-01
微生物
Social and environmental transmission spread different sets of gut microbes in wild mice
Long-term high-resolution data on social relationships, space use and microhabitat in a wild population of mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), accompanied by sampling of the gut microbiota, show that distinct sets of microorganisms dominate social and environmental transmission routes of microbiota. Microorganisms with low oxygen tolerance are more reliant on social transmission.
#302
2024-04-29
生态系统
Isotopic evidence of high reliance on plant food among Later Stone Age hunter-gatherers at Taforalt, Morocco
Isotope analysis of human and faunal remains dated to the Later Stone Age reveals a substantial plant-based component to hunter-gatherer diets at the site of Taforalt, several millennia prior to the development of agriculture in the Levant, renewing the question of why agriculture did not develop contemporaneously in North Africa.
#303
2024-04-29
气候变化
A climate-induced tree species bottleneck for forest management in Europe
Species distribution modelling for 69 European tree species under current climate conditions and projected conditions to 2100 (in decadal steps) demonstrates that, for climate suitability to be maintained throughout a tree’s lifespan, many fewer tree species are available to forest managers than are currently used.
#304
2024-04-18
进化生物
A pollen selection system links self and interspecific incompatibility in the Brassicaceae
Through genetic and molecular analyses of interspecific stigma–pollen interactions, the authors show that Brassicaceae plants use an integrated pollen discrimination system and a shared pollen rejection pathway to reject conspecific self-pollen and heterospecific pollen. This establishes a mechanistic link between self-incompatibility and speciation in this clade.
#305
2024-04-17
进化生物
Diversity-dependent speciation and extinction in hominins
In an analysis of how biotic interactions regulate hominin evolutionary dynamics, the authors show that speciation is negatively related to species diversity inAustralopithecusandParanthropus, in the same way that it is in many other vertebrates, whereas the genusHomois characterized by positive diversity-dependent speciation and negative diversity-dependent extinction.
#306
2024-04-16
进化生物
Ancient origin of the rod bipolar cell pathway in the vertebrate retina
Analysis of cell types and circuit design of the primary rod pathway in zebrafish suggests that this specialized downstream circuit for rod signalling has been established before the divergence of teleost fish and mammals.
#307
2024-04-15
进化生物
Evolution of tissue-specific expression of ancestral genes across vertebrates and insects
A transcriptomic analysis of 8 tissues across 20 bilaterian species reveals that ancestral gains of tissue-specific gene expression were closely associated with whole-genome duplications in vertebrates and the diversification of ancestral tissue types.
#308
2024-04-02
生态系统
Ascidian embryonic cells with properties of neural-crest cells and neuromesodermal progenitors of vertebrates
This study shows a pluripotent cell population with properties of vertebrate neural-crest cells and neuromesodermal progenitors in ascidian embryos, the closest invertebrate relatives of vertebrates.
#309
2024-03-25
进化生物
The evolutionary drivers and correlates of viral host jumps
Analysis of publicly available viral genomes shows that humans may give more viruses to animals than they give to us, and reveals evolutionary mechanisms underpinning viral host jumps.
#310
2024-03-22
进化生物
Metagenomic analysis of individual mosquito viromes reveals the geographical patterns and drivers of viral diversity
A meta-transcriptomic analysis of the viromes of 2,438 mosquitoes of 81 species from across China identifies geographic hotspots of mosquito virus diversity, links between mosquito virome composition and host phylogeny, and a suggestion of long-distance mosquito dispersal.
#311
2024-03-22
进化生物
Primitive purine biosynthesis connects ancient geochemistry to modern metabolism
Constructing a biosphere-scale model of the evolutionary history of metabolism based on >12,000 biochemical reactions, the authors show that a bottleneck in purine synthesis prevents metabolic expansion from geochemical precursors.
#312
2024-03-18
生态系统
Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape
Analysing camera-trap data of 163 mammal species before and after the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, the authors show that responses to human activity are dependent on the degree to which the landscape is modified by humans, with carnivores being especially sensitive.
#313
2024-03-14
进化生物
Emergence and maintenance of stable coexistence during a long-term multicellular evolution experiment
Long-term experimental evolution and modelling show the evolution of small and large cluster-forming lineages of snowflake yeast that coexist over generations due to a trade-off between organismal size and competitiveness for dissolved oxygen.
#314
2024-03-12
进化生物
Ancient and recent origins of shared polymorphisms in yeast
Analysis of 1,673 sequencedSaccharomyces cerevisiaeisolates identifies 3,852 sequence blocks introgressed fromSaccharomyces paradoxus, most of which are recent and clade-specific. By contrast, divergent Chinese strains ofS. cerevisiaeshow little evidence of introgression but do share ancient polymorphisms withS. paradoxusdue to incomplete lineage sorting.
#315
2024-03-12
气候变化
Extinction drives recent thermophilization but does not trigger homogenization in forest understorey
Analysing >14,000 pairs of plots over 10 years, the authors show that forest understorey plant communities increase their average temperature affiliations by 0.1 °C each decade. This increase was caused by the extinction of cold-adapted species, but with no visible effect on community heterogeneity.
#316
2024-03-11
气候变化
One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains
Analysing >1,700 inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network, the authors show that the majority of Amazon tree species can occupy floodplains and that patterns of species turnover are closely linked to regional flood patterns.
#317
2024-03-11
气候变化
Climate-induced tree-mortality pulses are obscured by broad-scale and long-term greening
Using multiple remote-sensing datasets, the authors show that temporal and spatial scale influence the detection of tree-mortality events and explain why there has been a seemingly conflicting pattern of both overall greening but also extensive tree mortality in recent decades.
#318
2024-03-08
气候变化
Marine fishes experiencing high-velocity range shifts may not be climate change winners
Abundance data for marine fish populations show that those shifting poleward rapidly due to climate change experience substantial population declines, suggesting that rapid range shifts are not sufficient to maintain stable populations.
#319
2024-03-06
生物多样性
Biodiversity–production feedback effects lead to intensification traps in agricultural landscapes
Conventional agricultural intensification can lead to ‘traps’ where production actually declines because of biodiversity loss. By integrating case study archetypes, literature review and simulations, the authors show what systems are at risk of traps and how these risks can be limited.
#320
2024-03-05
进化生物
A global survey of prokaryotic genomes reveals the eco-evolutionary pressures driving horizontal gene transfer
The authors analyse 8,790 prokaryotic pangenomes to identify the ecological variables associated with recent versus old horizontal gene transfer events, finding that gene transfers are more common among co-occurring, highly abundant or host-associated species.
#321
2024-02-29
生物多样性
Trade-offs in biodiversity and ecosystem services between edges and interiors in European forests
In an analysis of forest edge-to-interior transects in Europe, the authors show that different facets of biodiversity and different types of ecosystem service are found in forest interiors versus edges, suggesting that both have a role to play in the provisioning of ecosystem services in landscapes.
#322
2024-02-26
气候变化
Reassessment of the risks of climate change for terrestrial ecosystems
Combining ecophysiological growth models of >135,000 vascular plant species and information on plant growth form, the authors show that 33–68% of the global land surface will experience a significant change in the next 50 years in how climate supports the plant growth forms that define terrestrial ecosystems.
#323
2024-02-22
进化生物
Problem-solving skills are predicted by technical innovations in the wild and brain size in passerines
Behavioural innovation provides a key adaptive advantage to wild populations, but it is unclear which experimental assay is the best predictor for innovation. The authors administered a battery of cognitive tests to 15 passerine species to show that performance in problem-solving tasks is most closely associated with innovations in the wild.
#324
2024-02-21
生态系统
Estimates of the number of undescribed species should account for sampling effort
摘要暂缺
#325
2024-02-21
生态系统
Reply to: Estimates of the number of undescribed species should account for sampling effort
摘要暂缺
#326
2024-02-21
进化生物
Comparative genomics reveals the dynamics of chromosome evolution in Lepidoptera
Analysis of 210 lepidopteran chromosome-level genomes reveals stability of the 32 ancestral chromosomes and extensive reorganization, including fusion and fission events, in eight lineages over 250 million years of evolution.
#327
2024-02-21
进化生物
Genomics of post-bottleneck recovery in the northern elephant seal
Genome analysis of modern and historical elephant seals reveals impacts of a severe bottleneck on the genomes and fitness of individual seals, and the implications for recovery.
#328
2024-02-21
进化生物
Biogeographic patterns and drivers of soil viromes
Analysing biogeographic patterns in soil viromes based on 1,824 soil metagenomes from sites around the world, the authors show that viral diversity rarely corresponds to overall microbial diversity, with soil texture and moisture being closely associated with viral diversity.
#329
2024-02-20
进化生物
Adaptive tail-length evolution in deer mice is associated with differentialHoxd13expression in early development
Forest ecotypes of deer mice have longer tails than prairie ecotypes. This study shows that this difference is adaptive and involves changes in six genomic regions, one of which is an allele-specific reduction inHoxd13expression that leads to tail elongation.
#330
2024-02-19
海洋
Meta-analysis reveals weak associations between reef fishes and corals
A meta-analysis of papers that relate reef fish abundance, biomass or species richness to proportion of living hard coral cover finds correlations that are predominantly positive but consistently weak.
#331
2024-02-19
气候变化
Ecological niche conservatism spurs diversification in response to climate change
The authors use a simulation framework to assess how the dynamics of species’ diversification changed with ecological niche shifts under historical climate conditions. Modelling scenarios with niche conservatism resulted in higher rates of net diversification, recapitulating empirical biodiversity patterns.
#332
2024-02-16
生态系统
Herbivore effects increase with latitude across the extent of a foundational seagrass
Conducting a simulated turtlegrass herbivory experiment across 650 experimental plots and 13 seagrass meadows, the authors show that the negative effects of herbivory increase with latitude, driven by low levels of light insolation at high latitudes.
#333
2024-02-15
进化生物
Mitochondrial somatic mutation and selection throughout ageing
Mismatch between the ancestry of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes can drive somatic evolution during ageing. Analysis of around 1.2 million mitochodrial somatic mutations in young and old mice shows haplotype-specific mutational patterns and hotspots, and reversion mutations that re-align mito-nuclear ancestry during an organism’s lifespan.
#334
2024-02-12
气候变化
Anthropogenic climate and land-use change drive short- and long-term biodiversity shifts across taxa
Analysing changes in observations of birds, butterflies and plants in Great Britain over more than 50 years, the authors show that climate change and land conversion have led to increases in richness, biotic homogenization and warmer-adapted communities over both the long and short terms.
#335
2024-02-09
古生物
The Cabrières Biota (France) provides insights into Ordovician polar ecosystems
A new Lagerstätte from Montagne Noire, southern France, preserves a rare example of an Early Ordovician polar ecosystem.
#336
2024-02-09
生态系统
Meta-analysis shows that wild large herbivores shape ecosystem properties and promote spatial heterogeneity
A meta-analysis synthesizes the range of effects of megafauna on ecosystems, finding that megafauna significantly increase ecosystem heterogeneity and impact a wide range of ecosystem properties by altering soil nutrient availability, promoting open vegetation structure and reducing the abundance of smaller animals.
#337
2024-02-08
古生物
Medieval DNA from Soqotra points to Eurasian origins of an isolated population at the crossroads of Africa and Arabia
Ancient DNA from Soqotra, an island off the coast of Yemen, evidences a population history differing from other areas of the Arabian Peninsula and suggests there has not been complete population replacement throughout the region between the Pleistocene and Holocene.
#338
2024-02-08
生物多样性
Multiple invasion routes have led to the pervasive introduction of earthworms in North America
The authors assemble a large database of native and introduced earthworm species richness and explore patterns of invasions as well as traits of the invasives relative to native species.
#339
2024-02-08
气候变化
Invading plants remain undetected in a lag phase while they explore suitable climates
Analysing time series in >3,500 naturalized plant species from herbarium data, the authors show that 35% of alien species experience a lag phase lasting an average of 40 years before becoming invasive, with the majority occupying different climatic spaces during the lag and expansion phases.
#340
2024-02-02
生态系统
Olfactory misinformation provides refuge to palatable plants from mammalian browsing
Unpalatable plants can deter herbivory on palatable plants grown in the same vicinity, but managing unwanted herbivory by planting unpalatable plants is not time- or cost-effective. This paper shows that artificial odour, designed to mimic the informative volatile compounds of unpalatable plants, can deter herbivory on the target plants, offering a potentially useful management strategy
#341
2024-02-01
生态系统
Interaction network structure explains species’ temporal persistence in empirical plant–pollinator communities
The authors use the structuralist approach and high-resolution empirical data to develop a mechanistic model that accurately predicts the temporal persistence of pollinators in plant–pollinator communities. They show that mean pollinator persistence is highest in communities with high opportunities for species’ coexistence.
#342
2024-01-31
古生物
The ecology, subsistence and diet of ~45,000-year-oldHomo sapiensat Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany
Using zooarchaeology, palaeoproteomics, ancient sediment DNA and stable isotope analyses, the authors characterize the ecology of theHomo sapiensindividuals associated with the ‘transitional’ Lincombian–Ranisian–Jerzmanowician technocomplex at Ilsenhöhle in Ranis.
#343
2024-01-31
古生物
Stable isotopes showHomo sapiensdispersed into cold steppes ~45,000 years ago at Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany
The authors present palaeoclimatic data in the form of stable isotope records from equid teeth spanning 12,500 years of human occupation at the site of Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany, including the earliest occupation of the site byHomo sapiens~45,000 years ago.
#344
2024-01-30
海洋
Past and recent anthropogenic pressures drive rapid changes in riverine fish communities
A compilation of 4,476 riverine fish community time series is used to identify trends in community composition and species abundance and richness over several decades. Spatial heterogeneity in the trends is linked to the timing and strength of anthropogenic pressures, including the introduction of non-native species.
#345
2024-01-26
生物多样性
Multi-decadal improvements in the ecological quality of European rivers are not consistently reflected in biodiversity metrics
Analysing 27 years of freshwater invertebrate biomonitoring data from European rivers, the authors show that although some commonly used biodiversity metrics can reflect anthropogenic impacts at broad spatial scales, there was little consistency among other metrics in accurately reflecting community responses.
#346
2024-01-25
气候变化
Variation in temperature of peak trait performance constrains adaptation of arthropod populations to climatic warming
By combining theory and empirical data, the authors show that the adaptive capacity of arthropod populations to long-term climatic warming will be constrained by the temperatures at which the performance of four key life-history traits can peak.
#347
2024-01-22
气候变化
Transnational conservation to anticipate future plant shifts in Europe
Simulations of species range shifts for flora of the European Alps under varying climate and land-use models to 2080 provide the basis for spatial conservation planning to preserve taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity.
#348
2024-01-18
古生物
Initial Upper Palaeolithic material culture by 45,000 years ago at Shiyu in northern China
The authors report an Initial Upper Palaeolithic archaeological assemblage from China dating to 45,000 years ago that includes blade technology, tanged and hafted projectile points, long-distance obsidian transfer and the use of a perforated graphite disc.
#349
2024-01-15
生态系统
Reply to: Shrinking body size may not provide meaningful thermoregulatory benefits in a warmer world
摘要暂缺
#350
2024-01-15
生态系统
Shrinking body size may not provide meaningful thermoregulatory benefits in a warmer world
摘要暂缺
#351
2024-01-15
进化生物
Recent increase in species-wide diversity after interspecies introgression in the highly endangered Iberian lynx
An analysis of three ancient Iberian lynx genomes shows that genetic admixture with the Eurasian lynx contributed to levels of modern Iberian lynx genetic diversity higher than those experienced millennia ago, despite recent population decline.
#352
2024-01-15
气候变化
Monitoring of species’ genetic diversity in Europe varies greatly and overlooks potential climate change impacts
Comparing data on genetic monitoring efforts across Europe with the distributions of areas at species’ climatic niche margins, the authors show that monitoring efforts should be expanded to populations at trailing niche margins to include genetic variation that may prove important for adaptation to ongoing climate warming.
#353
2024-01-15
生态系统
Floristic homogenization of South Pacific islands commenced with human arrival
Exploring pollen records from 13 South Pacific islands, the authors find that floristic homogenization commenced following human arrival beginning around 3,000 years ago.
#354
2024-01-12
进化生物
Hagfish genome elucidates vertebrate whole-genome duplication events and their evolutionary consequences
Analysis of a newly sequenced genome of the inshore hagfish,Eptatretus burgeri, together with genomes of lampreys and jawed vertebrates, provides insights into whole-genome duplication events and their implications for vertebrate genome evolution.
#355
2024-01-11
气候变化
Plasticity and not adaptation is the primary source of temperature-mediated variation in flowering phenology in North America
Using a large sample of herbarium records containing flowering-time data for 1,605 species of plants from the United States, the authors show that most changes in phenology in response to temperature change are attributable to phenotypic plasticity rather than local adaptation.
#356
2024-01-10
生态系统
Tropical tree ectomycorrhiza are distributed independently of soil nutrients
Analysing data on the relative abundance of basal area of ectomycorrhizal trees from lowland tropical forests, the authors show that their distribution and abundance are independent of soil quality.
#357
2024-01-10
进化生物
Dynamic evolutionary interplay between ontogenetic skull patterning and whole-head integration
A geometric morphometric analysis of the developing skulls of 44 squamate species shows that the diversity of skull shapes arises from changes in spatial arrangements followed by alterations in developmental timings, and that phenotypic integration with surrounding head tissues is greater in snakes than in lizards.
#358
2024-01-09
进化生物
Genomic structural variation is associated with hypoxia adaptation in high-altitude zokors
Comparative analysis of whole-genome sequencing of six zokor species that live at different altitudes show the contribution of deletions and inversions to adaptation to high altitude in these subterranean rodents.
#359
2024-01-09
微生物
Microbe-induced phenotypic variation leads to overyielding in clonal plant populations
Exposing clonal plant populations to volatile compounds produced by root-associated microorganisms, the authors show that combinations of different plant phenotypes induced by this exposure can lead to transgressive overyielding in biomass when different phenotypes are combined in diverse mixtures.
#360
2024-01-09
生态系统
Meta-analysis reveals that vertebrates enhance plant litter decomposition at the global scale
Across terrestrial and aqueous ecosystems, vertebrates increase litter decomposition, both directly and indirectly, by 6.7% on average, and this effect interacts with but generally occurs at a later stage of decomposition than the effect of invertebrates.
#361
2024-01-08
进化生物
Disease-driven top predator decline affects mesopredator population genomic structure
Decline of the Tasmanian devil due to transmissible cancer has allowed mesopredator release of the spotted-tailed quoll. Population genomic analysis of the quoll shows the effect of devil decline on population structure, and selection on genes, including those for muscle development and locomotion.
#362
2024-01-05
进化生物
Cell type evolution reconstruction across species through cell phylogenies of single-cell RNA sequencing data
The authors apply explicit phylogenetic methods to single-cell transcriptomic data of eye cells to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cell types in distantly related mammals.
#363
2024-01-05
生物多样性
Ecological filtering shapes the impacts of agricultural deforestation on biodiversity
The authors collate literature on the responses of bird assemblages to forest loss and show that locations with a more variable natural environment and a longer history of agricultural land use have bird assemblages that are more tolerant to forest loss.
#364
2024-01-04
进化生物
Pseudogenes act as a neutral reference for detecting selection in prokaryotic pangenomes
Using pseudogenes as a neutral reference, the authors examine whether prokaryotic pangenomes have evolved primarily under selection or neutral drift. They show that even rare intact accessory genes are often under selection, providing support for an adaptive pangenome model.
#365
2024-01-04
生物多样性
African savanna raptors show evidence of widespread population collapse and a growing dependence on protected areas
A compilation of survey data from pre- and post-2000 for 42 raptor species across parts of West, Central, East and southern Africa shows 88% of species in population decline and reveals trends across regions, protected areas and species size.
#366
2024-01-04
进化生物
Horizontal gene transfer facilitates the molecular reverse-evolution of antibiotic sensitivity in experimental populations ofH. pylori
The authors evolved antibiotic-resistantHelicobacter pyloriin the absence of antibiotics and presence of DNA from antibiotic-sensitive strains. Horizontal gene transfer mediated the molecular reverse evolution of the antibiotic-resistance gene to the antibiotic-sensitive allele, and the authors used theoretical modelling to determine the evolutionary conditions that promote reverse evolution.
#367
2024-01-03
生态系统
Diminishing carryover benefits of earlier spring vegetation growth
Combining long-term atmospheric CO2records with satellite observations of vegetation activities across the Northern Hemisphere, the authors identify a weakening trend of the link between spring and summer productivity over the past 40 years.
#368
2024-01-03
生态系统
Stronger increases but greater variability in global mangrove productivity compared to that of adjacent terrestrial forests
Remote sensing of vegetation productivity in mangroves and nearby terrestrial evergreen forests shows that mangrove productivity has increased more but also shown more variability in the last two decades compared to nearby terrestrial forests, suggesting they are more vulnerable to coastal water deficits.
#369
2024-01-02
生态系统
Australian fairy circles and termitelinyjiare not caused by the same mechanism
摘要暂缺
#370
2024-01-02
生态系统
Reply to: Australian fairy circles and termitelinyjiare not caused by the same mechanism
摘要暂缺
#371
2024-01-02
气候变化
Droughts impede water balance recovery from fires in the Western United States
The authors compare how grasslands, shrublands and forests differ in their capacity to recover from fires, and how this recovery depends on deviations in water balance caused by drought; they show that the compound effects of fire and drought are less impactful in forests than in non-forests, owing to deeper rooting structures that can maintain access to water.
#372
2023-12-13
进化生物
A vertebrate-wide catalogue of T1R receptors reveals diversity in taste perception
A combination of phylogenetic analysis and functional assays reveals surprising diversity of taste receptors in the ancestors of vertebrates and their complex evolutionary history.
#373
2023-12-04
进化生物
The evolution of human altriciality and brain development in comparative context
Humans have the highest evolutionary rate towards becoming more altricial across all placental mammals, but this results primarily from postnatal enlargement of brain size rather than neonatal changes.
#374
2023-12-04
进化生物
Decoupling speciation and extinction reveals both abiotic and biotic drivers shaped 250 million years of diversity in crocodile-line archosaurs
Using a new phylogeny of Pseudosuchia (crocodile-line archosaurs), the authors use diversification analyses and information theory to show that the interplay of abiotic and biotic processes over hundreds of millions of years shaped evolutionary history and diversification dynamics in this clade.
#375
2023-11-30
进化生物
The evolution of short- and long-range weapons for bacterial competition
An agent-based model suggests that bacteria use direct-contact systems for inhibiting competitors when the attacking strain is outnumbered, and long-range diffusion systems when the attacker is common. These predictions are supported by competition experiments withPseudomonas aeruginosa, which also show that strains can use both types of system in conjunction.
#376
2023-11-27
生态系统
Drug dependence in cancer is exploitable by optimally constructed treatment holidays
Melanoma cell lines are used to identify the tumour characteristics that increase the chances of drug dependency, and mathematical modelling shows that this can be exploited for treatment using drug holidays with only measurements of total population size required for near optimality.
#377
2023-11-27
生态系统
Power laws in species’ biotic interaction networks can be inferred from co-occurrence data
Analysing ten bipartite networks of empirically sampled biotic interactions and the associated species’ spatial distribution, the authors model how network degree distributions can be predicted by accounting for the frequency of co-occurrences between species.
#378
2023-11-20
进化生物
Functional convergence of genomic and transcriptomic architecture underlies schooling behaviour in a live-bearing fish
The authors used multiple lines of evidence including behavioural assays, quantitative genetics and transcriptomics to explore schooling behaviour in guppies. Both genomic and transcriptomic analyses indicated that genes involved in neuron migration and synaptic function played key roles in the evolution of schooling behaviour.
#379
2023-11-20
生态系统
Inequalities in noise will affect urban wildlife
A spatial analysis of how transportation noise corresponds with ‘redlining’ categories of racial segregation in US cities is combined with a literature review of the effects of noise on urban wildlife.
#380
2023-11-16
微生物
Identifying keystone species in microbial communities using deep learning
Using deep learning to identify the assembly rules of microbial communities from different habitats, the authors develop a framework to quantify and predict the community-specific keystoneness of each species in any microbiome sample.
#381
2023-11-16
进化生物
Nitrogen isotopes reveal independent origins of N2-fixing symbiosis in extant cycad lineages
Nitrogen isotopic measurements from fossilized cycad leaves and ancestral state reconstructions suggest that N2-fixing symbiosis arose independently in the lineages leading to extant cycads at some point during or after the Jurassic.
#382
2023-11-13
微生物
Forecasting the dynamics of a complex microbial community using integrated meta-omics
Using high-resolution multi-omic data from biological wastewater treatment plants, the authors develop a method to forecast microbial community composition and function; the forecasting is accurate for 3 yr into the future.
#383
2023-11-13
进化生物
A life-history allele of large effect shortens developmental time in a wild insect population
The authors use a long-term evolve-and-resequence experiment in the flour beetleTribolium castaneumto identify the genetic basis for variation in development time, finding that a deletion upstream of the enzyme Cyp18a1 is a main target of selection, and this allele accelerates development but trades off with fecundity.
#384
2023-11-09
进化生物
Recent co-evolution of two pandemic plant diseases in a multi-hybrid swarm
Analysing the evolutionary history of two recent populations of a pathogenic fungus that infects wheat and ryegrasses, the authors show how recombination and selection on standing genetic variation contributed to adaptation to the new hosts.
#385
2023-11-09
进化生物
Selection of a de novo gene that can promote survival ofEscherichiacoliby modulating protein homeostasis pathways
Screening 100 million random genes, which lack homology to natural sequences, for their ability to rescue growth arrest ofEscherichia colicells caused by the toxin MazF, the authors find ~2,000 hits and demonstrate that one (RamF) confers resistance through interaction with chaperones and induction of toxin proteolysis.
#386
2023-11-06
海洋
Temperate species underfill their tropical thermal potentials on land
The authors test whether a wide array of marine and terrestrial animal species occupy the full extent of their potential geographic range based on thermal tolerances. They find that many species are underfilling the warm part of their potential range, suggesting that biotic interactions can limit occupancy in climatically suitable areas adjacent to their ranges.
#387
2023-11-06
气候变化
Meta-analysis reveals less sensitivity of non-native animals than natives to extreme weather worldwide
A synthesis of 443 studies across terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems reveals differences in the responses of non-native and native animal species to heatwaves, cold spells, storms, floods and droughts, and prompts discussion of how such extreme events may facilitate success of non-native species.
#388
2023-11-06
进化生物
The genomics and evolution of inter-sexual mimicry and female-limited polymorphisms in damselflies
The authors investigate the genetic basis of inter-sexual mimicry inIschnura elegansdamselflies, where females are polymorphic and one female morph mimics males. By combining genomic, transcriptomic and phylogenetic evidence, they identify a causal locus and structural variants associated with the evolution of female polymorphism and male mimicry in this species.
#389
2023-11-02
进化生物
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the brain evolution of web-building spiders
A brain-cell atlas of a web-building spider and genomic comparisons between web-building and burrowing species identifies preserved ancestral neuron types and candidate neuronal genes that may be involved in the learning and memory pathways underlying web-building and hunting behaviours.
#390
2023-10-26
进化生物
Genetics re-establish the utility of 2-methylhopanes as cyanobacterial biomarkers before 750 million years ago
Using phylogenetic analysis of a hopanoid-producing gene in bacteria, the authors establish fossil 2-methylhopanes as lipid biomarkers for aerobic cyanobacteria and reveal the role of cyanobacteria in primary production before 750 million years ago.
#391
2023-10-26
进化生物
Community composition and the environment modulate the population dynamics of type VI secretion in human gut bacteria
A combination of phylogenomics, mouse gut experimental assays and ecological modelling shows how community structure controls the fitness costs and benefits of the type VI secretion system in the human gut symbiontBacteroides fragilis.
#392
2023-10-23
进化生物
Chase-away evolution maintains imperfect mimicry in a brood parasite–host system despite rapid evolution of mimics
Using a 50 year time series of photos of cuckoo finch eggs and those of its host, prinia, the authors document that cuckoo eggs evolve towards prinia eggs, but progressive evolution of prinia eggs away from cuckoo eggs results in no detectible increase in mimetic fidelity.
#393
2023-10-23
气候变化
Genome sequences of 36,000- to 37,000-year-old modern humans at Buran-Kaya III in Crimea
Two Early Upper Palaeolithic genomes of humans that lived 36,000–37,000 years ago in Crimea reveal migration and admixture dynamics against a backdrop of climate change.
#394
2023-10-19
海洋
Freshwater fish diversity in the western Amazon basin shaped by Andean uplift since the Late Cretaceous
Reconstructing river networks over the past 80 Ma reveals the role of Andean uplift in creating a dynamic habitat leading to increased fish species diversity in western Amazonia.
#395
2023-10-19
进化生物
Evolutionary dynamics of whole-body regeneration across planarian flatworms
A comparative analysis of head-regeneration capacity across planarian species in a phylogenetic context reveals multiple Wnt-dependent transitions in head-regeneration ability and proposes Wnt functions in the reproductive system as possible evolutionary drivers.
#396
2023-10-09
进化生物
A multifunctional Wnt regulator underlies the evolution of rodent stripe patterns
Combining transcriptomics, mathematical modelling and in vivo gene editing, this study shows thatSfrp2contributes to stripe formation and hair colour in the African striped mouse.
#397
2023-10-09
气候变化
Spatial sorting promotes rapid (mal)adaptation in the red-shouldered soapberry bug after hurricane-driven local extinctions
Catastrophic flooding caused by an extreme hurricane offered a rare natural experiment monitoring recolonization of host plants by a herbivorous predator, in which the authors found that spatial sorting is responsible for the rapid and persistent evolution of dispersal and feeding traits in the red-shouldered soapberry bug.
#398
2023-10-05
气候变化
Warming indirectly simplifies food webs through effects on apex predators
Using a bioenergetic model and manipulative field experiment along a natural stream temperature gradient, the authors identify a temperature-induced trophic cascade where the presence of fish increases algal biomass and reduces decomposition, but only under warming.
#399
2023-10-05
进化生物
Derived faunivores are the forerunners of major synapsid radiations
Small-bodied faunivory has been proposed as the ancestral condition of most major synapsid clades, but here using a time-calibrated metatree of 1,888 fossil synapsids, the authors show that while faunivory is commonly ancestral, small body size in radiation forerunners is a relatively late innovation, arising in the Late Triassic.
#400
2023-10-02
微生物
Statistically learning the functional landscape of microbial communities
Landscapes of microbial community function inferred statistically from a broad range of datasets can predict community function on the basis on presence and absence data, without the need for abundance dynamics or interaction data.
#401
2023-10-02
气候变化
Fire activity and deforestation in Remote Oceanian islands caused by anthropogenic and climate interactions
Palaeoclimatic and palaeoecological reconstructions from Fiji suggest that the dramatic environmental transformations that followed human settlement of Remote Oceanian islands are the product of interactions between human activity and climate rather than human activity alone.
#402
2023-09-28
生态系统
A high-resolution canopy height model of the Earth
Using a deep learning approach, the authors outline a global canopy height map at 10-m resolution combining publicly available optical satellite images and space-borne LiDAR and show that only 5% of the global landmass is covered by trees taller than 30 m.
#403
2023-09-28
气候变化
Viral but not bacterial community successional patterns reflect extreme turnover shortly after rewetting dry soils
Characterizing the responses of viral, prokaryotic and relic DNA dynamics to simulated precipitation on dry grassland soils, the authors show that soil viral communities follow remarkably similar successional patterns, despite large differences in composition.
#404
2023-09-25
海洋
Local human impacts disrupt depth-dependent zonation of tropical reef fish communities
Analysis of tropical reef fish communities across 35 Pacific islands identifies predictable energetic resource-driven relationships between depth and biomass of different trophic groups of fish on reefs without local human impacts, but changes in these relationships for human-populated islands.
#405
2023-09-25
气候变化
Natural capital investments in China undermined by reclamation for cropland
Between 2000 and 2015, reclamation for cropland in China undermined gains in wildlife habitat and the ecosystem services of water retention, sandstorm prevention, carbon sequestration and soil retention by 113.8%, 63.4%, 52.5%, 29.0% and 10.2%, respectively.
#406
2023-09-25
进化生物
Indirect genetic effects are shaped by demographic history and ecology inArabidopsis thaliana
This study reveals the genomic architecture of indirect genetic effects (IGEs) inArabidopsis thalianaand reconstructs the evolutionary history of alleles responsible for IGEs in Eurasian populations.
#407
2023-09-21
进化生物
Preservation of corneous β-proteins in Mesozoic feathers
Taphonomic experiments and analyses of fossil feathers reveal that while fossil keratins (formerly known as α-keratins) found in fossil feathers are likely artefacts of fossilization, corneous β-proteins (formerly β-keratins) can survive moderate thermal damage and persist over hundreds of millions of years to inform understanding of feather evolution.
#408
2023-09-14
进化生物
A lamprey neural cell type atlas illuminates the origins of the vertebrate brain
This study provides a cell atlas of the sea lamprey brain based on single-cell RNA-seq and in situ sequencing data and includes comparative analyses with other vertebrates that reveal key features of the ancestral vertebrate brain as well as traits that arose later in evolution.
#409
2023-09-14
生态系统
Structural complexity biases vegetation greenness measures
Remote sensing often detects higher vegetation greenness for croplands than for forests, despite forests having a greater leaf area. This study shows that this is an artefact of shadows caused by forest structures and explores how to correct for this when interpreting global vegetation change data.
#410
2023-09-14
生态系统
Reliability of vegetation resilience estimates depends on biomass density
A systematic comparison of optical satellite data shows that vegetation resilience is broadly declining in many areas, despite the unreliability of resilience estimates in high biomass regions.
#411
2023-09-14
气候变化
Adaptation to climate change through dispersal and inherited timing in an avian migrant
Translocation of pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) females and eggs from the Netherlands to Sweden facilitates adaptation to changing phenological conditions, highlighting the importance of dispersal as well as plasticity and standing genetic variation in evolutionary responses to environmental change.
#412
2023-09-07
进化生物
Host phylogeny shapes viral transmission networks in an island ecosystem
Sampling the viromes of vertebrates, arthropods and plants on an island ecosystem shows that viral transmission between species is strongly affected by phylogeny but less affected by predator–prey relationships and that generalist viruses pose the greatest zoonotic risk.
#413
2023-09-07
气候变化
Aqueous microdroplets promote C–C bond formation and sequences in the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle
Using aqueous microdroplets to study reactions in the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle (rTCA), the authors show rapid carbon fixation through reductive carboxylation reactions at ambient temperature, without requiring enzymes or metal catalysts, suggesting that microdroplets might have facilitated a non-enzymatic version of the rTCA cycle in prebiotic carbon anabolism.
#414
2023-09-04
气候变化
Urbanization, climate and species traits shape mammal communities from local to continental scales
Multi-species occupancy modelling using camera-trap data from 725 sites across 20 North American cities shows how environmental and climate characteristics interact with species traits to influence the effects of urbanization on wildlife communities.
#415
2023-09-04
生物多样性
Unveiling global species abundance distributions
Using occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, the authors show that the global species abundance distribution of 39 taxonomic classes of eukaryotes is best fit by a Poisson log-normal distribution.
#416
2023-09-04
进化生物
Comparative single-cell transcriptomic analysis of primate brains highlights human-specific regulatory evolution
Analysis of single-cell expression data from the middle temporal gyrus of five primates together with analysis of network connectivity across 19 animals identifies genes with human-specific cellular expression and co-expression profiles that might contribute to evolutionary change in brain function.
#417
2023-08-31
进化生物
Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution
Phylogenetics and population genetics analysis of ancient tiger genomes inform tiger evolution and suggest post-glaciation admixture of divergent tiger lineages in China.
#418
2023-08-31
进化生物
Rules of teeth development align microevolution with macroevolution in extant and extinct primates
Here the authors show with extant and extinct primate molar data that morphospaces specifically designed to quantify developmental phenomena maximize the ability to bridge the gap between micro- and macroevolution.
#419
2023-08-31
生物多样性
Megaherbivores provide biotic resistance against alien plant dominance
Analysing camera trap data from >26,000 stations and >158,000 vegetation plots across 12 ecoregions in India, the authors find a positive relationship between megaherbivore abundance and native plant species richness and abundance, but reductions in alien plant species abundance.
#420
2023-08-31
气候变化
Evolutionary imbalance, climate and human history jointly shape the global biogeography of alien plants
Analysing the distributions of >99% of the world’s seed plant flora, the authors find evidence supporting the evolutionary imbalance hypothesis, with species originating from large, biodiverse regions being more successful at naturalizing beyond their native ranges.
#421
2023-08-28
气候变化
Increased hydraulic risk in assemblages of woody plant species predicts spatial patterns of drought-induced mortality
Combining global-scale data on species’ edaphoclimatic niches, phylogeny and hydraulic traits for >44,000 woody plant species, the authors map areas of hydraulic risk and show that local assemblages at greater hydraulic risk have a higher probability of drought-induced mortality.
#422
2023-08-28
进化生物
Species-wide genomics of kākāpō provides tools to accelerate recovery
The kākāpō is an intensively managed parrot endemic to New Zealand. Using genome sequencing data for all living kākāpō together with long-term phenotypic data, the authors devise an approach to identify genetic associations with fitness traits, which is informing species recovery plans.
#423
2023-08-21
生态系统
Body size and life history shape the historical biogeography of tetrapods
Using trait-dependent biogeographic models to analyse data for >7,000 tetrapod species, the authors show that large body size and a fast life history strategy facilitate dispersal success, although this was also true for small body size and a slow life history strategy in a minority of clades.
#424
2023-08-17
进化生物
A genetic history of continuity and mobility in the Iron Age central Mediterranean
The authors generate genomic data from 30 ancient human individuals, spanning the Bronze Age and the Iron Age from four archaeological sites in the Mediterranean (located in Tunisia, Sardinia and central Italy). Comparing with additional published ancient genomes, they generate insights into mobility and admixture in this interconnected region
#425
2023-08-17
生态系统
Time delays modulate the stability of complex ecosystems
Time delays in the responses of species to one another are expected to occur widely in nature. Using a new theoretical framework, the authors show that these delays can fundamentally shift how different communities respond to perturbations.
#426
2023-08-14
气候变化
Fluctuating climate and dietary innovation drove ratcheted evolution of proboscidean dental traits
Tracking temporal patterns of proboscidean dental evolution in relation to diet and environment, the authors find that the effects of diet and environment are decoupled, and evolution of dentition alternated between directional change at times of high selective pressure and stasis when selective regimes reversed.
#427
2023-08-10
微生物
Pathogens are an important driving force for the rapid spread of symbionts in an insect host
A combination of field and experimental work suggests that fungal pathogen pressure can selectively drive the symbiontRicksettiato fixation in its whitefly host, throughRicksettia-conferred suppression of the pathogen.
#428
2023-08-07
微生物
An invasive pathogen drives directional niche contractions in amphibians
Analysing the extent of occurrence and niche hypervolumes of 55 species of frogs in eastern Australia, the authors show that species impacted by the introduction of the pathogenic amphibian chytrid fungus underwent niche contractions, and that these were in a direction that could inhibit chytrid fungus and/or promote host demographic resilience.
#429
2023-08-07
进化生物
Multidimensional specialization and generalization are pervasive in soil prokaryotes
Analyses of soil microbiomes across the United States reveal pervasive multidimensional specialization and generalization across prokaryotic communities impacting evolutionary trajectories, microbial dominance and community roles.
#430
2023-08-03
气候变化
Late acquisition of the rTCA carbon fixation pathway by Chlorobi
Compound-specific carbon isotope measurements of the 1.64-billion-year-old Barney Creek Formation show an ecosystem dominated by cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. Isotope data for carotenoids suggest that the assembly of the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle in Chlorobi occurred later.
#431
2023-08-03
生态系统
Empirical evidence of widespread exaggeration bias and selective reporting in ecology
Analysing >18,000 effect sizes from recent ecology studies published in five leading journals, the authors identify widespread under-powered designs, exaggeration bias, selective reporting and few corrections for multiple hypotheses among statistically significant results.
#432
2023-07-31
生态系统
Reply to: Recognizing and marshalling the pre-publication error correction potential of open data for more reproducible science
摘要暂缺
#433
2023-07-31
生态系统
Recognizing and marshalling the pre-publication error correction potential of open data for more reproducible science
摘要暂缺
#434
2023-07-31
生物多样性
Limits to the accurate and generalizable use of soundscapes to monitor biodiversity
Analysis of global eco-acoustic data shows that soundscape-based predictions of avian biodiversity do not generalize across datasets, but changes in soundscapes do consistently indicate changes in avian communities.
#435
2023-07-31
气候变化
Experimentally determined traits shape bacterial community composition one and five years following wildfire
To link aboveground fire ecology with belowground microbial trait ecology, the authors conduct laboratory experiments followed by analysis of field data from northern Canada. Fast-growing species initially dominate but decline between 1 and 5 yr post-fire, while neither fire survival nor adaptation to a post-fire environment are strong determinants of success.
#436
2023-07-31
进化生物
Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America
The authors report genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals spanning the Holocene, from what is now Brazil, illuminating connections and disjoints between Sambaqui shellmound societies and preceding and later peoples.
#437
2023-07-27
气候变化
Mechanistic neutral models show that sampling biases drive the apparent explosion of early tetrapod diversity
A spatially explicit mechanistic model, based on neutral theory, is used to show that changes in apparent diversity in the fossil record of the late Carboniferous and early Permian are explained by variation in sampling intensity through time.
#438
2023-07-27
生态系统
Ghost admixture in eastern gorillas
Using a Bayesian approach with neural networks the authors model the demographic history of gorillas, finding admixture from an archaic ‘ghost’ lineage into the common ancestor of eastern gorillas, but not western gorillas.
#439
2023-07-24
气候变化
Evidence for widespread thermal optimality of ecosystem respiration
Temperature response curves of ecosystem respiration from 212 globally distributed sites show widespread evidence for an optimum temperature that is the result of thermal adaptation.
#440
2023-07-24
气候变化
Carbonate compensation depth drives abyssal biogeography in the northeast Pacific
Analysing seabed imagery data spanning 5,000 km and >50,000 megafaunal specimens across the Clarion–Clipperton Zone abyssal plain in the northeast Pacific, the authors identify two distinct biogeographical provinces in which taxa that are dependent on calcium carbonate structures are restricted to depths above 4,300–4,880 m.
#441
2023-07-17
生态系统
Dynamics of species-rich predator–prey networks and seasonal alternations of core species
Using high-throughput detection of prey DNA from spiders in a grassland ecosystem, the authors reconstruct interaction networks between 50 spider species and 974 prey species and strains, documenting shifting seasonal dynamics.
#442
2023-07-17
进化生物
Convergent resistance to GABA receptor neurotoxins through plant–insect coevolution
Antagonistic coevolution of plants and insects is hypothesized to promote biological diversity. This study shows convergent evolution of a gene that encodes the GABA receptor, a target of plant toxins, in herbivorous insects and their predators. It further demonstrates that the evolution of resistant GABA receptors is associated with insect diversification.
#443
2023-07-13
进化生物
Immune evasion and ACE2 binding affinity contribute to SARS-CoV-2 evolution
Correlations of mutation incidence and fitness changes with the impacts of mutations on immune evasion and ACE2 binding affinity across available SARS-CoV-2 genomes show that immune evasion and ACE2 binding affinity contributed to SARS-CoV-2 evolution.
#444
2023-07-10
生态系统
Same-sex sociosexual behaviour is widespread and heritable in male rhesus macaques
The authors study social and mounting behaviours in male rhesus macaques across 3 yr, finding that same-sex sociosexual behaviour is both repeatable and heritable within this population.
#445
2023-07-06
生态系统
Identifying species likely threatened by international trade on the IUCN Red List can inform CITES trade measures
A systematic assessment finds that at least 5.8% of threatened and near threatened species on the IUCN Red List are likely to be threatened by international trade but that only 59% of these species are currently listed for protection from such trade by CITES.
#446
2023-06-26
生物多样性
Occurrence dynamics of mammals in protected tropical forests respond to human presence and activities
Camera-trap data for 159 mammalian species at 1,002 sites across 16 tropical-forest protected areas show how local survival and colonization probabilities of specialist and generalist species are differently affected by human-induced stressors at different spatial scales, such as human population density and forest fragmentation.
#447
2023-06-22
进化生物
Genomes of fungi and relatives reveal delayed loss of ancestral gene families and evolution of key fungal traits
Fungi exhibit remarkable morphological and ecological diversity. An analysis of the genomes of 123 fungi and relatives shows gradual loss of protist genes, major gene turnover and duplication leading to the evolution of modern traits of filamentous fungi.
#448
2023-06-22
生态系统
Evidence for hunter-gatherer impacts on raven diet and ecology in the Gravettian of Southern Moravia
The authors report isotopic data from ravens from Pavlovian (29,000–25,000 yrbp) archaeological sites that indicate ravens were consuming the same range of foods as commensal humans at the sites, which the authors refer to as ‘incipient synanthropism’.
#449
2023-06-15
气候变化
Biome-scale temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration revealed by atmospheric CO2observations
Atmospheric CO2concentration measured across a network of towers in North America shows that continent- and biome-scale measurements of the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration are lower than have previously been estimated from plot-level studies.
#450
2023-06-12
进化生物
Extended embryo retention and viviparity in the first amniotes
The authors report an oviparous new specimen of the choristodereIkechosaurussp. from the Lower Cretaceous of China, confirming the basal archosauromorph affiliation of choristoderes. Phylogenetic analyses of this specimen along with other extinct and extant amniotes suggest that the ancestral amniote displayed extended embryo retention, including viviparity.
#451
2023-06-12
进化生物
Y chromosome toxicity does not contribute to sex-specific differences in longevity
StudyingDrosophila melanogasterY chromosomes with variable levels of heterochromatin generated using genome editing, the authors show that while different Y chromosomes could disrupt gene silencing on other chromosomes, they did not affect sexual dimorphism in longevity.
#452
2023-06-12
进化生物
North African fox genomes show signatures of repeated introgression and adaptation to life in deserts
Analysis of whole genomes of four fox species shows that introgression facilitated adaptation to the hot arid environment of the Sahara Desert and suggests renal water homeostasis as a mechanism of adaptation in the extreme desert specialist species.
#453
2023-06-05
生态系统
Capturing stochasticity properly is key to understanding the nuances of the Living Planet Index
摘要暂缺
#454
2023-06-05
生态系统
Reply to: Capturing stochasticity properly is key to understanding the nuances of the Living Planet Index
摘要暂缺
#455
2023-06-05
进化生物
Low morphological disparity and decelerated rate of limb size evolution close to the origin of birds
Analysing patterns of morphological disparity and the evolutionary rate of appendicular limbs across theropods, the authors show lower disparity and decelerated rates of forelimb size evolution, which may have been caused by restrictions on morphospace given the requirements for powered flight.
#456
2023-06-05
海洋
Biodiversity time series are biased towards increasing species richness in changing environments
There is great interest in describing biodiversity change through time, but such analyses present various technical challenges. Here, using datasets for fish and birds, the authors show that a bias towards colonization over extinction can result in an increasing species richness over time, especially in short time series, and argue that studies should account for this bias.
#457
2023-06-02
进化生物
Eighty million years of rapid evolution of the primate Y chromosome
Comparative analysis of Y chromosomes across 29 primate species reveals rapid evolution and shows different patterns of evolution among regions of the Y chromosome during primate diversification.
#458
2023-06-01
生态系统
Single-cell dissection of aggression in honeybee colonies
The genetic basis of collective behaviour is complex. Single-cell transcriptomics of honeybee brains and gene regulatory network analysis showed differences in brain gene regulation and gene regulatory network plasticity between aggressive soldiers and non-aggressive foragers.
#459
2023-06-01
气候变化
Human pressures modulate climate-warming-induced changes in size spectra of stream fish communities
Analysing more than 20 years of data on stream fish communities in France, the authors show that streams facing high levels of human pressures have reversed effects of climate warming on fish body size spectrum slopes.
#460
2023-06-01
气候变化
Evidence-based target setting informs blue carbon strategies for nationally determined contributions
An assessment of blue carbon strategies in Belize shows how quantifying fisheries, tourism and coastal risk co-benefits alongside carbon benefits can inform spatial and temporal target setting for nationally determined climate contributions that simultaneously provide societal benefits.
#461
2023-05-29
气候变化
Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
Field survey data from 1,034 bird species worldwide are used to show that species’ sensitivities to habitat fragmentation are more strongly related to their dispersal ability than to latitude and past habitat disturbance, and that variation in dispersal ability is in turn strongly associated with climate.
#462
2023-05-25
气候变化
Climate co-benefits of tiger conservation
A synthetic control approach to model avoided forest loss shows that a protected-areas programme in India aimed at tiger conservation is associated with significant reductions in carbon emissions.
#463
2023-05-18
生态系统
Symbioses shape feeding niches and diversification across insects
Insects rely on symbiotic microbes for nutrition and defence. Analysing a large dataset of microbe–insect symbioses, the authors show that symbiosis evolved in response to nutrient deficiencies but its impacts on insect diversification depend on their feeding niche.
#464
2023-05-18
气候变化
Abrupt expansion of climate change risks for species globally
Using geographical data for approximately 36,000 marine and terrestrial species and climate projections to 2100, the authors show that the area of each species’ geographical range at risk of thermal exposure will expand abruptly, highlighting the urgency of mitigation and adaptation actions.
#465
2023-05-18
生态系统
Convergence of dominance and neglect in flying insect diversity
Using DNA barcoding to analyse flying insect diversity of >225,000 specimens from five biogeographic regions, the authors show that more than half of local species diversity is represented by only 20 insect families, most of which suffer from taxonomic neglect.
#466
2023-05-15
进化生物
A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins
A new phylogenomic tree for butterflies is constructed using 391 genes from 2,300 species, representing 92% of genera. It suggests that butterflies originated around 100 million years ago in what is now the Americas and originally fed on Fabaceae.
#467
2023-05-15
生态系统
Inadvertent human genomic bycatch and intentional capture raise beneficial applications and ethical concerns with environmental DNA
The recovery of human genomic data from environmental DNA samples raises ethical questions regarding consent, privacy, surveillance and data ownership, which will need to be grappled with as the environmental DNA field moves forward.
#468
2023-05-11
生物多样性
Water availability creates global thresholds in multidimensional soil biodiversity and functions
A global field survey of 383 sites with different vegetation types spanning an environmental gradient reveals that soil biodiversity and functions exhibit pervasive nonlinear behaviours worldwide and are mainly governed by water availability.
#469
2023-05-08
生态系统
Incentives and barriers to private finance for forest and landscape restoration
Interest in private financing of restoration is growing, but funding remains low. Semi-structured interviews with financial actors and restoration finance experts show that there are some market incentives for private actors to finance restoration, but policy mandates are needed to scale private finance and ensure it is steered towards ecologically sound and equitable objectives
#470
2023-05-08
生态系统
PLIN2-induced ectopic lipid accumulation promotes muscle ageing in gregarious locusts
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of flight muscles in migratory locusts reveals that plasticity in expression of the lipid metabolism genePLIN2regulates differences in ageing-related muscle degeneration between gregarious and solitary phases.
#471
2023-05-04
海洋
Longstanding behavioural stability in West Africa extends to the Middle Pleistocene at Bargny, coastal Senegal
The late Middle Pleistocene site of Bargny, Senegal, documents stone tool trends seen across contemporary sites in Africa but which, in West Africa, remain uniquely stable into the Holocene. Palaeoenvironmental data suggest that persistently stable environments in West Africa through the Late Pleistocene, including estuarine refugia, may have supported consistent behavioural responses.
#472
2023-05-04
进化生物
Resurrecting the alternative splicing landscape of archaic hominins using machine learning
The authors use machine learning to characterize the splicing landscape of archaic hominins. Archaic-specific splice-altering variants might have contributed to phenotypic differences among hominins and were under negative selection.
#473
2023-05-04
气候变化
Glacier retreat reorganizes river habitats leaving refugia for Alpine invertebrate biodiversity poorly protected
Organisms living at high elevations are particularly vulnerable to climate warming. Here the authors combine hydrological and glacier modelling with species distribution models to show how glacier retreat in the European Alps could impact the biodiversity and distributions of invertebrates in alpine rivers.
#474
2023-05-01
生物多样性
Mass production of unvouchered records fails to represent global biodiversity patterns
An interrogation of almost 2 billion occurrence records for terrestrial plants and animals derived from either primary voucher specimens or direct observations, including citizen-science data, reveals differences in their coverage of global biodiversity patterns.
#475
2023-05-01
古生物
A Middle Ordovician Burgess Shale-type fauna from Castle Bank, Wales (UK)
The authors report a highly diverse Middle Ordovician Burgess Shale-type fauna from Wales (UK) that compares with the Burgess Shale and Chengjiang biotas in palaeoenvironment and preservational style.
#476
2023-05-01
气候变化
Phenological shifts and mismatch with marine productivity vary among Pacific salmon species and populations
Shifts in species’ migration timing as a result of climate change can result in mismatched temporal overlap with their critical resources. Here the authors show that the magnitude and direction of shifts in juvenile Pacific salmon migration timing vary among species and populations, resulting in variable mismatch with marine productivity, which has implications for climate change vulnerability.
#477
2023-04-27
气候变化
Species-specific traits mediate avian demographic responses under past climate change
Using avian trait data and genomic data, the authors infer whether changes in net effective population size over time in response to climate change are correlated with multiple morphological and life history traits; they find that larger-bodied, slower-reproducing species with limited dispersal capacity are most sensitive to changes in warming and cooling climates.
#478
2023-04-27
生态系统
Great ape cognition is structured by stable cognitive abilities and predicted by developmental conditions
Most comparative animal cognition studies assume that results are stable in individuals and groups, but this is not often tested. Here the authors assess repeatability of cognitive tasks in several species of captive great apes, finding that individual performance over time is stable and predicted by fixed differences among individuals rather than transient experimental conditions.
#479
2023-04-27
生态系统
Multitrophic arthropod diversity mediates tree diversity effects on primary productivity
Using data from the BEF-China tree diversity experiment, the authors demonstrate that the diversity of arthropods is higher in plots with higher tree diversity and that the suppression of herbivores by enemy arthropods could be a potential mechanism through which higher tree diversity promotes productivity.
#480
2023-04-20
进化生物
Single-cell adaptations shape evolutionary transitions to multicellularity in green algae
This study shows that environmental conditions promote multicellular group formation in green algae and that retention of daughter cells reliant on nitrogen availability promotes fitness in the lab and in natural lake systems in Sweden.
#481
2023-04-17
海洋
Extent and reproduction of coastal species on plastic debris in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Analysing plastic debris in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, the authors identify three times more coastal invertebrate taxa than pelagic taxa, along with evidence that coastal taxa are reproducing while rafting on plastic.
#482
2023-04-13
进化生物
Within-host adaptation alters priority effects within the tomato phyllosphere microbiome
In microbial community assembly, species that establish earlier often have an advantage. Here, the authors explore these priority effects in the tomato plant-associated microbiome, showing that experimental evolution selecting for host colonization alters priority effects among competitors.
#483
2023-04-10
进化生物
An ancient metalloenzyme evolves through metal preference modulation
The iron/manganese superoxide dismutases constitute a family of metalloenzymes that function as scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Here the authors use phylogenetics, biochemistry and structural biology to show how differential metal preference for Fe and Mn has been modulated throughout iron/manganese superoxide dismutases evolution.
#484
2023-04-06
生态系统
Experimental characterization of de novo proteins and their unevolved random-sequence counterparts
While a bioinformatic comparison of de novo genes and synthetic random sequence does not identify a difference in biophysical properties, in vitro expression shows higher solubility for the de novo proteins, suggesting better integration into the cellular system than random sequences.
#485
2023-04-03
微生物
A social niche breadth score reveals niche range strategies of generalists and specialists
Defining the niche of a microorganism is more difficult than doing so for a macroorganism. Here the authors define a microorganism’s niche based on the communities of other microorganisms it is found with; they apply this social niche breadth metric to reveal the ecological and genomic correlates of microbial specialism versus generalism.
#486
2023-04-03
生态系统
First Peoples’ knowledge leads scientists to reveal ‘fairy circles’ and termitelinyjiare linked in Australia
Integrating Australian Aboriginal art and narratives with soil excavation data suggests that the regularly spaced bare circles in Australian arid grasslands (sometimes known as ‘fairy circles’) are in factlinyjiormingkirri, termite pavement nests used by Aboriginal people for domestic and sacred purposes over generations.
#487
2023-04-03
进化生物
Fortuitously compatible protein surfaces primed allosteric control in cyanobacterial photoprotection
Molecular phylogenetics, ancestral sequence reconstruction and biophysical protein characterization are used to investigate the interaction between the orange carotenoid protein and its unrelated regulator, the fluorescence recovery protein (FRP). This interaction evolved when a precursor of FRP was horizontally acquired by cyanobacteria.
#488
2023-04-03
进化生物
Little transparency and equity in scientific awards for early- and mid-career researchers in ecology and evolution
An analysis of the eligibility rules, assessment criteria and potential gender bias in best researcher and best paper awards from broad-scope ecology and evolution journals and societies shows a lack of assessment transparency, few attempts to foster equitable access and minimal consideration of open science.
#489
2023-03-30
进化生物
Multiple intermolecular interactions facilitate rapid evolution of essential genes
Replacing 86 essential genes inSaccharomyces cerevisiaewith orthologues from species with different diverging times, the authors show that intermolecular epistasis plays a key role in their evolution and that conserved physiological functions are maintained by co-evolution of interacting components.
#490
2023-03-30
海洋
Annotation-free discovery of functional groups in microbial communities
An unsupervised, annotation-free method is developed that can identify microbial functional groups on the basis of variation in microbiome data and environmental variables. Here, the authors demonstrate its application in several different datasets including theTaraoceans microbiome and animal gut microbiomes.
#491
2023-03-27
海洋
Current levels of microplastic pollution impact wild seabird gut microbiomes
Consuming microplastics is known to harm marine wildlife in several ways, but effects on the microbiome are understudied. Here the authors demonstrate that two species of wild seabirds with larger amounts of microplastic in their guts had fewer commensal gut microbial species but more pathogens.
#492
2023-03-20
进化生物
Convergent and complementary selection shaped gains and losses of eusociality in sweat bees
Leveraging independent gains and losses of eusociality, the authors identify complementary signatures of selection in sweat bee genomes, including two proteins that bind and transport juvenile hormone.
#493
2023-03-20
海洋
Inbreeding depression explains killer whale population dynamics
Genomic and demographic analyses of the ‘Southern Resident’ killer whales in the North Pacific find that strong inbreeding depression is inhibiting growth of this small and isolated population. The findings help to explain why this group of whales is still declining despite 50 years of conservation efforts.
#494
2023-03-13
海洋
Minke whale feeding rate limitations suggest constraints on the minimum body size for engulfment filtration feeding
Theoretical models of foraging efficiency suggest that lunge-filter-feeding marine vertebrates could be as small as 10 kg. However, here the authors show with bio-logged data from filter-feeding minke whales that in practice there are minimum body-size constraints on filter feeders, below which this becomes an unviable feeding strategy.
#495
2023-03-13
生态系统
Peer review perpetuates barriers for historically excluded groups
A meta-analysis of peer-review data from over 300,000 biological sciences manuscripts reveals worse review outcomes for authors from historically excluded groups, and limited data evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to address bias in peer review.
#496
2023-03-09
进化生物
State-dependent evolutionary models reveal modes of solid tumour growth
A Bayesian state-dependent evolutionary phylodynamic model (SDevo) quantifies the difference in division rates between cells at the periphery and interior of a tumour. In simulations and using clinical hepatocellular carcinoma data, the authors use SDevo to interrogate spatial patterns in tumour growth.
#497
2023-03-06
进化生物
Divergent vertebral formulae shape the evolution of axial complexity in mammals
Focusing on the serial differentiation of the presacral column across 1,136 extant mammal species, the authors find evidence of high within-group variation and an evolutionary trend towards increasing complexity.
#498
2023-03-06
气候变化
Climate drives global functional trait variation in lizards
The authors incorporate mechanistic information about lizard physiological responses to heat into predictions of trait variation across time and space, finding that the range of functional traits is more constrained in locations where the local climate strongly selects for thermal performance.
#499
2023-03-01
进化生物
A 23,000-year-old southern Iberian individual links human groups that lived in Western Europe before and after the Last Glacial Maximum
The authors sequence genome-wide data from multiple human individuals in southern Spain and find long-lasting genetic continuity. Here, in contrast to regions elsewhere in Europe, a 23,000-year-old individual from Malalmuerzo carries genetic ancestry that connects earlier Aurignacian-associated individuals with western European hunter-gatherers long after the Last Glacial Maximum.
#500
2023-02-27
生态系统
Ecological traits interact with landscape context to determine bees’ pesticide risk
Analysing pesticide residues in pollen and nectar collected by three bee species along a land-use gradient, the authors show that extensive foragers likeApis melliferahave higher pesticide risk than species that forage at intermediate or limited ranges, irrespective of landscape context.
#501
2023-02-06
生物多样性
Colombian biodiversity is governed by a rich and diverse policy mix
A qualitative and quantitative analysis of 186 biodiversity-related policies in Colombia is used to describe how biodiversity has been integrated into policy domains, which policy instruments are most prevalent and how the policy mix has changed over six decades.
#502
2023-02-02
进化生物
Pathogen evasion of social immunity
Social insects often groom nestmates as an anti-pathogen behaviour, providing social immunity. Here the authors show that anti-fungal grooming behaviour by ants selects for the fungus to produce more but less-virulent and less-detectable spores, suggesting pathogen adaptation to social immunity.
#503
2023-01-30
进化生物
Chromosome fusions repatterned recombination rate and facilitated reproductive isolation duringPristionchusnematode speciation
Genomic analyses show that two independent fusions involving the same chromosome altered recombination patterns and contributed to reproductive isolation between twoPristionchusnematodes.
#504
2023-01-30
古生物
Forest edges increase pollinator network robustness to extinction with declining area
Analysing 20,000 plant-pollinator interactions over 3 yr in a fragmented island ecosystem, the authors show that forest edges benefit community diversity and network robustness to extinction in the face of declining forest area.
#505
2023-01-26
生态系统
Rapid upwards spread of non-native plants in mountains across continents
The authors resurveyed a previously sampled set of mountain transects on five continents, showing that the ranges of non-native plant species have shifted upslope in most locations in just 5–10 years.
#506
2023-01-26
进化生物
Genetic assimilation of ancestral plasticity during parallel adaptation to zinc contamination inSilene uniflora
Adaptation to new environments often involves changes in gene expression. This study shows a role of ancestral gene expression plasticity in heavy metal adaptation of two independent lineages ofSilene uniflora.
#507
2023-01-23
生态系统
Increases in intraspecific body size variation are common among North American mammals and birds between 1880 and 2020
The authors compiled body size data from mammal and bird museum collections in North America to show that intraspecific variation in body size, but not mean body size, has increased over time.
#508
2023-01-23
生态系统
Spatial memory predicts home range size and predation risk in pheasants
After assaying the cognitive ability of juvenile pheasants and releasing them into a new landscape, the authors show that pheasants with better memory developed larger home range sizes and more successfully avoided predation at the edges of the home range.
#509
2023-01-19
生态系统
A surge in obsidian exploitation more than 1.2 million years ago at Simbiro III (Melka Kunture, Upper Awash, Ethiopia)
The authors report a specialized obsidian handaxe workshop at the site of Simbiro III in Ethiopia, suggesting that hominins more than 1.2 million years ago took advantage of opportunities provided by changing environmental conditions.
#510
2023-01-16
生态系统
Reply to: Plant traits alone are good predictors of ecosystem properties when used carefully
摘要暂缺
#511
2023-01-16
生态系统
Plant traits alone are good predictors of ecosystem properties when used carefully
摘要暂缺
#512
2023-01-16
进化生物
Reconstruction of hundreds of reference ancestral genomes across the eukaryotic kingdom
Using an algorithm for ancestral genome reconstruction, the authors present 624 ancestral genomes for vertebrates, plants, fungi, metazoans and protists and reconstruct the chromosomal rearrangement history of all major vertebrate clades.
#513
2023-01-16
进化生物
Dietary strategies of PleistocenePongosp. andHomo erectuson Java (Indonesia)
Trace element ratios (strontium/calcium) in teeth of PleistoceneHomo erectusand fossil orangutans (Pongosp.) reveal different dietary strategies and contrasting adaptations to seasonal food resources.H. erectusbut notPongosp. was able to buffer against seasonal food oscillations by exploiting more varied food sources.
#514
2023-01-16
进化生物
Ancient DNA reveals admixture history and endogamy in the prehistoric Aegean
The authors generate a genome-wide dataset of 102 individuals who lived in Crete, the Greek mainland and the Aegean islands between the Neolithic and the Iron Age, identifying high levels of biological and cultural connectedness within the ancient Aegean.
#515
2023-01-12
气候变化
Acclimation of phenology relieves leaf longevity constraints in deciduous forests
Multidecadal ground and remote-sensing observations of Northern Hemisphere forests show that, at the decadal scale, autumn senescence dates and total net carbon assimilation are positively related, despite a negative relationship at the annual scale. This suggests that acclimation relieves the leaf longevity constraints.
#516
2023-01-12
进化生物
Transcriptional and mutational signatures of theDrosophilaageing germline
Single-cell RNA sequencing of testes from young and old maleDrosophila, together with genomic sequencing of somatic tissues of the same flies, shows distinct mutational biases in old and young flies and suggests late spermatogenesis as a source of evolutionary innovation.
#517
2023-01-12
气候变化
Temperature fluctuation promotes the thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration
Analysing subtropical forest soils from a 2,000 km transect across China, the authors show that temperature fluctuations can induce the thermal adaptation of microbial respiration, in contrast to findings derived from mean temperature alone.
#518
2023-01-09
气候变化
Changing plant functional diversity over the last 12,000 years provides perspectives for tracking future changes in vegetation communities
Linking plant traits to long-term pollen records over the Holocene, the authors track changes in functional diversity over the last 12,000 years in southeast Australia and use this to predict vegetation changes under future climate change.
#519
2023-01-09
气候变化
Resolving the intricate role of climate in litter decomposition
Three complementary decomposition experiments across a climatic gradient in Europe, representing 110 different tree species mixtures in 194 forest plots, reveals that macroclimate is a dominant control on plant litter decomposition through both direct and indirect effects.
#520
2023-01-09
海洋
Benthic composition changes on coral reefs at global scales
Analysing a global dataset of >24,000 observations of coral reef benthic cover, the authors show that high macroalgal cover is largely restricted to the Western Atlantic, where alongside the Central Pacific there have also been marked declines in coral cover since the late 1990s.
#521
2023-01-09
生物多样性
Soil biodiversity supports the delivery of multiple ecosystem functions in urban greenspaces
In a widespread sampling campaign across urban soils, the authors find that soil biodiversity, but not plant diversity, is positively related to multiple ecosystem functions in urban environments.
#522
2023-01-05
古生物
Arched footprints preserve the motions of fossil hominin feet
Combining modelling of living human participants and chimpanzees with analysis of fossil hominin trackways, the authors distinguish between the earliest evidence of modern human-like bipedal kinematics and earlier hominin precursors.
#523
2023-01-05
海洋
Terrestrial invasive species alter marine vertebrate behaviour
In a replicated ecosystem-scale natural experiment across ten islands in the Indian Ocean, invasive black rats disrupted nutrients provided by seabirds, leading to a coral reef fish having larger territories and investing less time in aggression than on rat-free islands.
#524
2023-01-05
进化生物
Detecting macroevolutionary genotype–phenotype associations using error-corrected rates of protein convergence
The authors develop a new metric to measure the error-corrected convergence rate of protein evolution, together with a heuristic algorithm to detect signals of adaptive protein convergence.
#525
2023-01-05
微生物
Carbohydrate complexity limits microbial growth and reduces the sensitivity of human gut communities to perturbations
Using synthetic human gut communities and computational modelling, the authors show that increasing the complexity of dietary carbohydrates reduces microbial growth, balances positive and negative interspecies interactions, and reduces community sensitivity to perturbations.
#526
2023-01-05
进化生物
Homo sapiensand Neanderthals share high cerebral cortex integration into adulthood
Comparing the brain anatomy of fossil hominins and extant primates, the authors determine that strong covariation between different areas of the brain inHomo sapiensandHomo neanderthalensisevolved under higher evolutionary rates than in any other primate. Strong covariation is present in juvenile and adultH. sapiens, and in juvenile but not adult great apes.
#527
2023-01-02
生态系统
De novo genes with an lncRNA origin encode unique human brain developmental functionality
Studying human-specific de novo genes originated from long non-coding RNA, the authors reveal molecular mechanisms that facilitate nuclear export of these young genes, and show experimental evidence for the role of one such gene in brain development.
#528
2023-01-02
生态系统
Plant–pollinator network change across a century in the subarctic
The authors resample a plant–pollinator network that was initially characterized by a naturalist in the late nineteenth century in Finland. They find that only 7% of the original interactions persisted; generally, specialist pollinators disproportionally declined while generalist muscoid flies increased as the abundant pollinators.
#529
2023-01-02
进化生物
Mutualism-enhancing mutations dominate early adaptation in a two-species microbial community
Barcode lineage tracking of a competitive mutualism betweenSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandChlamydomonas reinhardtiishows that selection favours yeast mutants that increase the yields of both species and strengthen the mutualism.
#530
2023-01-02
古生物
Decoupling the skull and skeleton in a Cretaceous bird with unique appendicular morphologies
Cratonavis zhui, a bird from the Early Cretaceous of China, preserves a combination of non-avialan theropod skull features and a bird-like post-cranial skeleton.
#531
2023-01-02
生态系统
Challenges and opportunities for achieving Sustainable Development Goals through restoration of Indonesia’s mangroves
An Indonesia-wide analysis identifies locations for potential mangrove restoration, ranked by scenarios of success likelihood according to biogeomorphology, current and past land use and land tenure, and estimates the restoration costs.
#532
2022-12-05
生态系统
Erroneous predictions of auxotrophies by CarveMe
摘要暂缺
#533
2022-12-05
生态系统
Reply to: Erroneous predictions of auxotrophies by CarveMe
摘要暂缺
#534
2022-12-05
生物多样性
Rare and declining bird species benefit most from designating protected areas for conservation in the UK
Data from three citizen science programmes on the occurrence, abundance, community structure and demography of birds across the UK show that protected areas are associated with improved state for most species and provide the most benefit to specialist, rare and declining species.
#535
2022-11-28
生态系统
Mapping the planet’s critical natural assets
Bringing together multiple models and databases on nature’s contributions to people, the authors map these contributions globally and determine the critical areas where their magnitude is the highest and where they provide the highest potential human benefit.
#536
2022-11-28
生物多样性
Implications of zero-deforestation palm oil for tropical grassy and dry forest biodiversity
Modelling reveals large swathes of land in tropical grassy and dry forest biomes that are climatically suitable for commercial plantations of oil palm and would comply with current zero-deforestation commitments, but where conversion to oil palm would, in many locations, cause loss of habitat and biodiversity.
#537
2022-11-17
进化生物
An ancestral Wnt–Brachyury feedback loop in axial patterning and recruitment of mesoderm-determining target genes
Brachyury is an early mesoderm determinant and neural repressor in vertebrates. Comparative Brachyury target screens between a sea anemone and a sea urchin reveal an ancestral gene regulatory feedback loop involved in axial patterning, with conserved endodermal and neuronal, but not mesodermal, targets.
#538
2022-11-17
气候变化
A Late Devonian actinopterygian suggests high lineage survivorship across the end-Devonian mass extinction
An actinopterygian fossil with unexpected anatomical features from 7 million years before the end-Devonian mass extinction suggests complex patterns of divergence and diversification around the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary for ray-finned fishes.
#539
2022-11-14
海洋
Evidence for the cooking of fish 780,000 years ago at Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, Israel
Taphonomic and stable isotopic analysis of fish bone assemblages at the early Middle Pleistocene site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov in Israel suggest that fish were cooked before consumption by hominins.
#540
2022-11-14
生物多样性
The supply of multiple ecosystem services requires biodiversity across spatial scales
The authors test whether spatial scale (plot, local and landscape) affects the supply of various ecosystem services in grasslands, finding that some services are predicted by plot-level properties while others depend more on landscape-level management.
#541
2022-11-07
进化生物
Existing methods are effective at measuring natural selection on gene expression
摘要暂缺
#542
2022-11-07
进化生物
Reply to: Existing methods are effective at measuring natural selection on gene expression
摘要暂缺
#543
2022-11-03
古生物
Humid tropical vertebrates are at lower risk of extinction and population decline in forests with higher structural integrity
Not all forest cover is of equal quality. Here, the authors ask whether forest cover or forest structural complexity influences extinction risk in tropical rainforest vertebrates, finding that forest structural conditions are more important than cover alone in terms of buffering species against extinction and population declines.
#544
2022-10-31
进化生物
Admixture has obscured signals of historical hard sweeps in humans
Through analyses of ancient and modern human genomes, the authors show that previously reported Holocene-era admixture has masked more than 50 historic hard sweeps in modern European genomes.
#545
2022-10-27
进化生物
Within-patient evolution of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance
A combination of analysis of plasmid diversity in the gut of hospitalized patients with experimental evolution shows that the evolution of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance involves a trade-off between antibiotic resistance levels and bacterial fitness.
#546
2022-10-27
气候变化
Abiotic conditions shape spatial and temporal morphological variation in North American birds
Analysis of a dataset of the morphology of more than 250,000 adult birds of 105 species over a 30 year period across North America reveals changes in body size and relative wing length over time and with relation to latitude, elevation and temperature variation.
#547
2022-10-24
进化生物
Reply to: Phylogenetic affiliation of mitochondria with Alpha-II and Rickettsiales is an artefact
摘要暂缺
#548
2022-10-24
进化生物
Phylogenetic affiliation of mitochondria with Alpha-II and Rickettsiales is an artefact
摘要暂缺
#549
2022-10-24
进化生物
Climatic similarity and genomic background shape the extent of parallel adaptation inTimemastick insects
Multiple factors contribute to the independent evolution of the same adaptations in nature. This study quantifies parallel evolution among species ofTimemastick insects and shows that the degree of parallelism is determined by shared ecology and genomic background.
#550
2022-10-24
古生物
Dual ancestries and ecologies of the Late Glacial Palaeolithic in Britain
The authors report genetic, archaeological and stable isotopic data from two late Palaeolithic individuals in Britain, from Gough's Cave and Kendrick's Cave. The individuals differ not only in their ancestry but also their diets, ecologies and mortuary practices, revealing diverse origins and lifeways among inhabitants of late Pleistocene Britain.
#551
2022-10-24
进化生物
Ancient homomorphy of molluscan sex chromosomes sustained by reversible sex-biased genes and sex determiner translocation
Analysis of genomes in a phylogenetic context reveals a 350-million-year-old homomorphic sex chromosome in molluscs, probably maintained by regulation of reversible sex-biased genes and sex chromosome turnover.
#552
2022-10-20
进化生物
Epigenetic divergence during early stages of speciation in an African crater lake cichlid fish
Analysis of the DNA methylomes of two ecomorphs ofAstatotilapia callipterafrom a single lake, which diverged about 1,000 years ago plus a third riverine ecomorph, from which they likely separated about 10,000 years ago, shows epigenetic differences associated with altered transcriptional activity of ecologically relevant genes, despite low levels of genetic divergence.
#553
2022-10-20
进化生物
Recent reconfiguration of an ancient developmental gene regulatory network inHeliocidarissea urchins
Analysis of genomes, epigenomes and transcriptomes of developing sea urchins with divergent life histories shows how natural selection can reshape developmental gene regulatory networks.
#554
2022-10-20
生态系统
Citizen science plant observations encode global trait patterns
Comparing global vegetation trait patterns derived from citizen science data versus those from scientific survey plots, the authors reveal high correlations between the two approaches and improvements over previously published trait maps.
#555
2022-10-17
进化生物
Chromosomal inversion polymorphisms shape the genomic landscape of deer mice
The identification of 21 large inversion polymorphisms in populations of deer mice shows that they are widespread, important for patterns of recombination and likely to be involved in local adaptation.
#556
2022-10-17
生态系统
Naturalized alien floras still carry the legacy of European colonialism
Compiling data on floral introductions and European colonial history of regions worldwide, the authors find that compositional similarity of floras is higher than expected among regions once occupied by the same empire and similarity increases with the length of time the region was occupied by that empire.
#557
2022-10-10
进化生物
Mito-nuclear selection induces a trade-off between species ecological dominance and evolutionary lifespan
A theoretical model of a community of species under selection for compatibility between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes predicts patterns of species diversity, abundance, speciation and extinction, and also suggests a link between metabolic demands and latitudinal variation in diversity.
#558
2022-10-10
气候变化
Plankton response to global warming is characterized by non-uniform shifts in assemblage composition since the last ice age
Analysing a compilation of planktonic foraminifera assemblage time series covering the past 24,000 years, from the last ice age to the current warm period, the authors find that responses to warming were highly heterogeneous leading to the emergence of novel assemblages and possibly new ecological interactions.
#559
2022-10-10
生态系统
Isotopic evidence that aestivation allows malaria mosquitoes to persist through the dry season in the Sahel
In the Sahel region of West Africa,An. coluzziimosquitoes appear to survive the dry season locally, but the relative contribution of this subpopulation to the persistence of the species in the Sahel has remained unknown. Here the authors use stable isotope tracking to determine the fraction of mosquitoes that undergo aestivation, a state of dormancy that allows them to persist through the dry season and maintain yearly malaria transmission.
#560
2022-10-06
生态系统
Industrial energy development decouples ungulate migration from the green wave
Analysing a long-term tracking dataset of migrating mule deer, the authors show that the expansion of natural gas energy infrastructure over 14 years along a migratory corridor changes deer behaviour and reduces by more than 38% their ability to keep pace with spring vegetation green-up.
#561
2022-10-06
气候变化
Coupled abiotic-biotic cycling of nitrous oxide in tropical peatlands
There are many open questions about biogeochemical function in peatlands. Here, the authors investigate the nitrogen cycle of tropical peatlands, finding that a surprisingly high fraction of nitrous oxide production is abiotic and that denitrification is a coupled abiotic-biotic process.
#562
2022-10-03
生态系统
Canalized gene expression during development mediates caste differentiation in ants
Using individual transcriptomes of two ant species, the authors show that caste differentiation is canalized from early development and identify key regulatory genes for the development of ant caste phenotypes.
#563
2022-10-03
海洋
Fish community structure and dynamics are insufficient to mediate coral resilience
A comparison of fish community data with reef coral and macroalgae cover at several sites around Polynesia over 11 years and spanning disturbance events suggests that fish community diversity has only minimal influence on coral dynamics, including recovery from disturbance.
#564
2022-09-29
古生物
Ecosystem productivity affected the spatiotemporal disappearance of Neanderthals in Iberia
Quantifying changing climatic effects on ecosystem productivity and human spatiotemporal distributions during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Iberia, the authors find evidence that the hiatus between Neanderthal and modern human cultural complexes in North Atlantic Iberia and the longer persistence of Neanderthals in southern latitudes had an ecological cause.
#565
2022-09-29
进化生物
Divergent evolutionary trajectories of bryophytes and tracheophytes from a complex common ancestor of land plants
Fossil calibrations, a relative clade age calibration (informed by horizontal gene transfer) and new phylogenomic methods for mapping gene family origins resolve tracheophytes (vascular plants) and bryophytes (non-vascular plants) as monophyletic sister groups that diverged during the Cambrian, 515–494 million years ago. The early evolution of both groups, but particularly that of bryophytes, was characterized by major gene content change.
#566
2022-09-29
进化生物
The structure of genotype-phenotype maps makes fitness landscapes navigable
In realistic high-dimensional fitness landscapes of RNA secondary structure, protein tertiary structure and protein complexes, fitness peaks can be easily reached from any starting point without traversing fitness valleys.
#567
2022-09-26
生态系统
Patterns and consequences of age-linked change in local relatedness in animal societies
A model of how local relatedness changes with age fits empirical patterns from seven group-living mammal species and reveals that patterns differ between the sexes and the potential behavioural consequences of these changes.
#568
2022-09-26
生态系统
Footprint beds record Holocene decline in large mammal diversity on the Irish Sea coast of Britain
The authors analyse hundreds of animal and human footprints spanning at least 8,000 years at Formby on the Irish Sea coast of Britain. In the absence of conventional faunal records, the footprints document long-term changes in large mammal diversity and human activity during the Holocene.
#569
2022-09-26
古生物
The likely extinction of hundreds of palm species threatens their contributions to people and ecosystems
Machine learning is used to predict extinction risk for 1,381 palm species, allowing identification of priority regions for palm conservation and cases where substitution with non-threatened species could provide products for human use.
#570
2022-09-19
生态系统
Consistent stabilizing effects of plant diversity across spatial scales and climatic gradients
Analysing >6,000 plant species from plots across the US National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), the authors show that plant diversity consistently stabilizes community abundance across spatial scales and broad ecoclimatic domains, with the strength of the stabilizing effect increasing with scale.
#571
2022-09-15
进化生物
No evidence that mandatory open data policies increase error correction
An analysis of 199 journals in ecology and evolution finds no link between policies mandating data sharing and the rate of article retraction or correction. The authors position this finding in a broader discussion of open data and code.
#572
2022-09-15
进化生物
An early origin of iron–sulfur cluster biosynthesis machineries before Earth oxygenation
Iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters are cofactors essential for life. Combining large-scale phylogenomic analyses with biochemical validation, the authors identify two ancestral minimal Fe–S cluster biogenesis systems and show that they originated before Earth oxygenation.
#573
2022-09-15
生态系统
No evidence for long-range male sex pheromones in two malaria mosquitoes
A series of behavioural, electrophysiological and chemical assays are used to attempt to detect long-range sex pheromones involved in species-specific male swarm recognition by Anopheles female mosquitoes, but no evidence is found.
#574
2022-09-05
生态系统
Reply to ‘Reduction in grain pollen indicates population decline, but not necessarily Black Death mortality’
摘要暂缺
#575
2022-09-05
生态系统
Reduction in grain pollen indicates population decline, but not necessarily Black Death mortality
摘要暂缺
#576
2022-09-05
古生物
Merging morphological and genetic evidence to assess hybridization in Western Eurasian late Pleistocene hominins
Genetic evidence suggests that Neanderthals andHomo sapiensrepeatedly interbred in Europe. Here the authors generate predictions for how this might manifest in the late Pleistocene fossil record of Europe, focusing on the skull, and analyse the available evidence.
#577
2022-09-01
进化生物
Evolution of stickleback spines through independentcis-regulatory changes atHOXDB
Differences in a non-coding enhancer region of theHOXDBlocus underlie the differences between stickleback species in dorsal spine length and number. These differences include single-nucleotide polymorphisms, deletions and transposable element insertions.
#578
2022-09-01
进化生物
Asymmetrical dose responses shape the evolutionary trade-off between antifungal resistance and nutrient use
Studying all amino acid substitutions in the yeast cytosine deaminase Fcy1, the target of the antifungal 5-FC, the authors show a sharp trade-off between 5-FC resistance and growth sustained by cytosine deamination.
#579
2022-08-29
生态系统
Estimating comparable distances to tipping points across mutualistic systems by scaled recovery rates
The authors develop a theoretical method to reduce the complex dynamics of a mutualistic system to a single dynamical equation, which is then used to estimate and compare the distances to a potential tipping point across systems with scaled recovery rates.
#580
2022-08-22
生物多样性
Greater bee diversity is needed to maintain crop pollination over time
The timescale over which ecosystem functions rely on biodiversity is not well characterized. Analysing pollination of two different crops by wild bees, the authors show that a greater number of species are needed to provide the same threshold pollination service as temporal scale increases.
#581
2022-08-22
微生物
The gut microbiota affects the social network of honeybees
Tracking the behaviour of normal versus microbiome-free honeybees in experimental colonies, the authors show that gut microbiota colonization was associated with an increase in the rate and specificity of social interactions among bees and higher abundances of brain metabolites linked to these interactions.
#582
2022-08-18
进化生物
Adaptive phenotypic plasticity is under stabilizing selection inDaphnia
Analysis of genetic variation underlying an antipredator morphological defence inDaphnia pulexshows that stabilizing selection operates on this plastic trait.
#583
2022-08-15
进化生物
Competition and coevolution drive the evolution and the diversification of CRISPR immunity
This experimental study shows how the interplay between bacteria-phage coevolution and competition among bacterial genotypes results in increased diversity of bacterial CRISPR immunity.
#584
2022-08-15
进化生物
Evolution of fungal phenotypic disparity
Analyses of phenotypic variety in Fungi show that fungal body plans diversified episodically over time and appear distinct because of the extinction of intermediate forms, similar to what has been described in animals.
#585
2022-08-08
进化生物
Mass spectrometry of short peptides reveals common features of metazoan peptidergic neurons
Biochemical identification of neuropeptides in Cnidaria and Ctenophora, followed by analyses of their expression, suggests that peptidergic neurons were present at early stages of nervous system evolution.
#586
2022-08-08
生物多样性
Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients
Examining drivers of the latitudinal biodiversity gradient in a global database of local tree species richness, the authors show that co-limitation by multiple environmental and anthropogenic factors causes steeper increases in richness with latitude in tropical versus temperate and boreal zones.
#587
2022-08-04
进化生物
Global patterns and rates of habitat transitions across the eukaryotic tree of life
Eukaryotic phylogenies inferred from metabarcoding show that marine and non-marine microbial eukaryotes are in general phylogenetically distinct, but that transitions across the salt barrier have occurred hundreds of times, and in all lineages, and are particularly important for evolutionary diversification in fungi.
#588
2022-08-04
海洋
Phenotypic plasticity promotes species coexistence
The authors use a theoretical model along with competition experiments between two aquatic plant species to show that phenotypic plasticity affects the outcome of competition.
#589
2022-08-04
生物多样性
Human pressure drives biodiversity–multifunctionality relationships in large Neotropical wetlands
Analysis of the species richness and functional diversity among species across 72 lakes finds that both variables are positively associated with ecosystem multifunctionality, but that—for smaller organisms only—these positive relationships break down with increasing human pressure.
#590
2022-08-01
进化生物
The role of mitochondrial energetics in the origin and diversification of eukaryotes
Analysing the energetic constraints on prokaryotic cell size, the energetic implications of eukaryotic genome architecture, and the presence of endosymbionts, the authors suggest that mitochondria were not required for the initial origin of eukaryotes, but did facilitate their subsequent diversification and expansion.
#591
2022-07-25
进化生物
Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity
A NutNet experiment in 57 grasslands across six continents shows that when herbivores are excluded from grasslands with a long coevolutionary history of grazing plant diversity is reduced, while in grasslands without a long grazing history the evolutionary history of the plant species regulates the response of plant diversity.
#592
2022-07-25
古生物
A crown-group cnidarian from the Ediacaran of Charnwood Forest, UK
A new fossil cnidarian,Auroralumina attenboroughi, from the Ediacaran of Charnwood Forest, UK, described as showing mosaic anthozoan and medusozoan characters, is the oldest yet-known crown-group cnidarian.
#593
2022-07-21
进化生物
Copy number changes in co-expressed odorant receptor genes enable selection for sensory differences in drosophilid species
Studying the odorant receptor subfamily Or67a inDrosophila melanogasterand closely related species, the authors show that independent selection on co-expressed receptors has contributed to species-specific peripheral coding of olfactory information.
#594
2022-07-21
生态系统
Ageing red deer alter their spatial behaviour and become less social
Using 46 years of individually monitored data for European red deer, the authors show that older individuals become less socially connected, with correlated changes to their spatial behaviour.
#595
2022-07-21
生态系统
Quantifying research waste in ecology
Using a literature review and meta-analysis, the authors quantify the proportion of ecological research that is wasted because of poor study design and implementation, or because the work remains unpublished.
#596
2022-07-18
进化生物
Genomic evidence that a sexually selected trait captures genome-wide variation and facilitates the purging of genetic load
Populations of a bulb mite that were experimentally selected for a male weapon showed reduced diversity across the genome, indicating that strong sexual selection increases the strength of purifying selection.
#597
2022-07-18
生态系统
Replicated radiation of a plant clade along a cloud forest archipelago
Several cases of replicated radiations (in which sets of similar forms evolve repeatedly within different regions) have been described in animals. Here the authors provide a well-documented example in plants, specifically theOreinotinuslineage within the angiosperm cladeViburnumin its spread from Mexico to Argentina through disjunct cloud forest environments.
#598
2022-07-18
进化生物
The roles of balancing selection and recombination in the evolution of rattlesnake venom
Analysing whole-genome sequences from 68 rattlesnakes, the authors show a role of long-term balancing selection in maintaining diversity of multiple venom gene families and find reduced selective interference of venom genes with neighbouring loci.
#599
2022-07-14
气候变化
Increasing climatic decoupling of bird abundances and distributions
Using a 30-year dataset of North American bird species, the authors show that species’ abundances and distributions have become more decoupled from climate over time and that this is associated with ecological traits; the effect is particularly strong in threatened species.
#600
2022-07-14
进化生物
Prolonged morphological expansion of spiny-rayed fishes following the end-Cretaceous
The authors construct a time-calibrated phylogeny spanning >90% of spiny-rayed fishes to explore patterns of body shape disparity within acanthomorphs. They find a trend of steady accumulation of lineages from the Cenozoic, with an increase in morphological disparity following the Cretaceous–Palaeogene event, facilitating the radiation of diverse morphotypes that characterize acanthomorphs’ widespread ecological success today.
#601
2022-07-11
进化生物
Comparative genome anatomy reveals evolutionary insights into a unique amphitriploid fish
Genome sequencing and haplotype assembly of two cyprinid teleosts, a sexual tetraploid and an unisexual hexaploid, reveal insights into the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning the reproductive success of unisexual polyploid vertebrates.
#602
2022-07-11
生态系统
Enhanced leaf turnover and nitrogen recycling sustain CO2fertilization effect on tree-ring growth
A ten-year dataset from the Tibetan Plateau shows a general increase in tree-ring growth that is largely explained by enhanced nitrogen recycling through increased litterfall under elevated atmospheric CO2.
#603
2022-07-11
生态系统
Neuron numbers link innovativeness with both absolute and relative brain size in birds
Using estimation data on neuron numbers in 111 bird species across 24 families, the authors show that number of neurons is positively associated with innovation propensity and encephalization.
#604
2022-07-07
进化生物
Low protein expression enhances phenotypic evolvability by intensifying selection on folding stability
Directed evolution shows that low expression of the green fluorescent protein facilitates the evolution of cyan fluorescence inE. coli, which can be explained by synergy between the protein’s scarcity and its stability.
#605
2022-07-07
海洋
A global horizon scan of issues impacting marine and coastal biodiversity conservation
A panel of scientists, policymakers and practitioners have used an iterative voting process to collate a list of 15 priority emerging issues likely to affect marine and coastal biodiversity over the next 5–10 years.
#606
2022-07-07
气候变化
Agricultural management and pesticide use reduce the functioning of beneficial plant symbionts
Combining field data and greenhouse experiments, the authors show how agricultural management practices like fungicide applications can affect the degree to which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil provision phosphorus to plants.
#607
2022-07-04
进化生物
Modelling hominin evolution requires accurate hominin data
摘要暂缺
#608
2022-07-04
进化生物
Reply to: Modelling hominin evolution requires accurate hominin data
摘要暂缺
#609
2022-07-04
进化生物
Phylogenomics reveals the origin of mammal lice out of Afrotheria
Mammals host a diversity of parasites including lice. Using cophylogenetics and phylogenetic comparative methods, the authors show that the main lineages of placental mammal lice had a single common ancestor and find that all parasitic lice had an avian ancestral host.
#610
2022-07-04
生态系统
A single gene integrates sex and hormone regulators into sexual attractiveness
A multidisciplinary approach, including genetics and behavioural assays, identifies a single gene,CYP4PC1, which integrates both sex differentiation and hormone signalling with sexual attractiveness in the German cockroach.
#611
2022-07-04
生态系统
Increasing calcium scarcity along Afrotropical forest succession
Biogeochemical analysis of a chronosequence of secondary forest succession in lowland Central Africa suggests that calcium becomes an increasingly scarce and potentially limiting resource with stand age and ecosystem calcium storage shifts from soil to woody biomass.
#612
2022-06-30
海洋
The coral pathogenVibrio coralliilyticuskills non-pathogenic holobiont competitors by triggering prophage induction
Competition among species in the coral microbiome has important outcomes in terms of coral health, but little is known about the mechanisms allowing pathogens to gain a competitive advantage. Here the authors show that the pathogenVibrio coralliilyticusoutcompetes commensal bacteria by inducing prophages.
#613
2022-06-30
生态系统
Vision and vocal communication guide three-dimensional spatial coordination of zebra finches during wind-tunnel flights
Zebra finches flying in a wind tunnel use both vocal and visual communication to orientate themselves within the flock, and are able to enhance their use of one form of communication over another depending on circumstance.
#614
2022-06-27
生态系统
Chaos is not rare in natural ecosystems
Previous meta-analyses have found that few ecological time series are actually chaotic; here, the authors use recently developed chaos detection methods and a larger number of time series to show that 30% of studied time series are characterized as chaotic.
#615
2022-06-27
生态系统
Meta-analysis shows that plant mixtures increase soil phosphorus availability and plant productivity in diverse ecosystems
In a meta-analysis of studies comparing monocultures to plant species mixtures, the authors show that mixtures increase three different variables related to the phosphorus cycle: soil total phosphorus, phosphatase activity and available phosphorus.
#616
2022-06-20
进化生物
Gene regulation inEscherichiacoliis commonly selected for both high plasticity and low noise
Comparing the regulatory behaviour of naturally segregating promoter variants to randomly mutated promoters, the authors demonstrate both stabilizing and directional selection that reduce variation in phenotype.
#617
2022-06-16
生态系统
A single-cell transcriptomic atlas tracking the neural basis of division of labour in an ant superorganism
Using single-cell transcriptomics, the authors generate a brain cell atlas for the pharaoh ant including individuals of different sexes and castes and show changes in cell composition underlying division of labour and reproductive specialization.
#618
2022-06-16
气候变化
A polar bear paleogenome reveals extensive ancient gene flow from polar bears into brown bears
A paleogenome from an approximately 100,000-year-old polar bear shows massive prehistoric, and largely unidirectional, gene flow from polar bears into brown bears at a time of climate change-induced overlap in the ranges of the two species. This admixture event cannot be detected using genomic data from living polar bears.
#619
2022-06-09
进化生物
Compensation for wind drift during raptor migration improves with age through mortality selection
Using data from 90 GPS-tagged black kites, the authors show that the ability to negotiate lateral drift is strongly selected over the course of the birds’ lifetimes, thereby shaping the abilities of the adult population.
#620
2022-06-09
进化生物
A phylogenetic and proteomic reconstruction of eukaryotic chromatin evolution
Comparative genomics and proteomics of archaea and eukaryotes are used to explore the evolutionary history of eukaryotic chromatin, including modifications, catalytic functions and relationship with genomic parasites.
#621
2022-06-09
进化生物
Ancient genomes from the last three millennia support multiple human dispersals into Wallacea
Genome-wide data of 16 ancient human individuals from islands of the North Moluccas, Sulawesi and East Nusa Tenggara reveal diverse sources of admixture and support a scenario of multiple dispersals into Wallacea.
#622
2022-06-02
微生物
Synchrony and idiosyncrasy in the gut microbiome of wild baboons
Analysing gut microbial time series from wild baboons, the authors show that microbiome dynamics are rarely synchronized across hosts in shared environments but are highly individualized even within the same social groups.
#623
2022-06-02
进化生物
The role of zinc in the adaptive evolution of polar phytoplankton
Polar microalgae have high zinc demand. Here, the authors use quantitative proteomics and transcriptomics of polar and non-polar model algae combined with cellular physiology to show that zinc plays an important role in supporting photosynthetic growth in eukaryotic polar phytoplankton.
#624
2022-06-02
气候变化
Enhanced habitat loss of the Himalayan endemic flora driven by warming-forced upslope tree expansion
A high-resolution map of the realized range limit of high-elevation trees across the Himalayas shows that trees are absent from the thermal treeline, determined by growing-season temperature, across the western and central Himalayas, as a result of human disturbance and/or premonsoon drought.
#625
2022-05-26
生态系统
Shoaling guppies evade predation but have deadlier parasites
Social living has costs and benefits; here the authors use field studies, experiments and models to show that non-consumptive predation pressure in Trinidadian guppy shoals increases parasite transmission and selects for higher virulence.
#626
2022-05-26
进化生物
Polymicrobial infections can select againstPseudomonas aeruginosamutators because of quorum-sensing trade-offs
Using in vitro model communities and in vivo cystic fibrosis sputum samples, the authors show that interspecific competition undergoing in certain microbial communities can constrain the fixation of loss-of-function mutations inPseudomonas aeruginosaquorum sensing, limiting the fixation of mutators.
#627
2022-05-16
气候变化
Functional susceptibility of tropical forests to climate change
A dataset of 16 plant traits sampled from 2,461 individual trees from 74 tropical forest sites around the world is used to show a strong link between climate and plant functional diversity and redundancy, with drier tropical forests likely being less able to respond to declines in water availability.
#628
2022-05-12
进化生物
Detecting signatures of selection on gene expression
This paper examines the main approaches for studying gene expression evolution, tests their inherent biases and discusses open questions about the evolution of the transcriptome.
#629
2022-05-12
进化生物
Allorecognition genes drive reproductive isolation inPodospora anserina
Genetic, ecological and simulation data demonstrate that the origin and coexistence of reproductively isolated sympatric groups in a fungus is driven by pleiotropic vegetative incompatibility genes under balancing selection.
#630
2022-05-09
微生物
Phylotype diversity within soil fungal functional groups drives ecosystem stability
The authors link fungal diversity to the stability of terrestrial ecosystem productivity across three global datasets, finding that richness of decomposers and mycorrhizae are positively associated with stability while the richness of plant pathogens is negatively related to stability.
#631
2022-05-05
进化生物
Genome-wide analyses of introgression between two sympatric Asian oak species
Introgression is an important source of genetic variation. Analysing genomes of two sympatric widespread Asian oak species, the authors find introgression across the genome and signatures of adaptive introgression in regions with suppressed recombination rate.
#632
2022-05-05
进化生物
Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration
The authors examine present and past drivers of ungulate migratory behaviour, finding that current migratory ungulates are larger, more grass-dependent and live at higher latitudes on average than non-migrants, and that migration probably emerged after the rise of C4grasslands and increased seasonality towards the poles.
#633
2022-05-02
气候变化
Sugars dominate the seagrass rhizosphere
Seagrass meadows are important carbon sinks. Here, the authors show that organic carbon in the form of simple sugars can accumulate at high concentrations in seagrass rhizospheres because plant phenolic compounds inhibit their consumption by microorganisms.
#634
2022-05-02
进化生物
Urban-adapted mammal species have more known pathogens
After compiling literature data on mammal parasites across urban and non-urban areas, the authors show that mammals in urban areas have more parasites overall without disproportionately more zoonotic ones, as is commonly thought.
#635
2022-04-28
微生物
Complexity–stability trade-off in empirical microbial ecosystems
After developing a method to infer network complexity without knowledge of underlying species interactions, the authors show that, in several types of microbial communities, an ecosystem’s stability constrains its complexity.
#636
2022-04-28
生态系统
Forest degradation drives widespread avian habitat and population declines
A study in eastern Canada finds that forest-management strategies that lead to simplified forest structure and composition have resulted in loss of breeding habitat and associated population losses for many bird species.
#637
2022-04-28
进化生物
Gene loss and compensatory evolution promotes the emergence of morphological novelties in budding yeast
The role of compensatory mutations in phenotypic evolution is unclear. Here the authors use experimental evolution to show that gene loss followed by compensatory evolution contributes to the rapid emergence of new cellular and multicellular morphologies in the budding yeast.
#638
2022-04-28
进化生物
Evolution of coastal forests based on a full set of mangrove genomes
Analysis of 48 newly generated genomes, including 32 mangrove species, sheds light on patterns of speciation and extinction of these woody, coastal plants.
#639
2022-04-21
海洋
Anthropogenic disruptions to longstanding patterns of trophic-size structure in vertebrates
Analysis of diet and body size in terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates shows that a U-shaped relationship between body size and trophic guild prevails across extant vertebrates with the exception of marine mammals and seabirds. Analysis of fossil data shows that, for terrestrial mammals, this pattern has persisted for at least 66 million years, despite anthropogenic perturbance, which may have greater effects in the next centuries.
#640
2022-04-21
生态系统
Frontier Lapita interaction with resident Papuan populations set the stage for initial peopling of the Pacific
Excavation in Island New Guinea reveals features associated with the Pacific Lapita cultural complex as well as sustained local cultural traditions from 3,480–3,060 years ago, contemporary with the earliest known Lapita settlements 700 km away. This supports New Guinea as a springboard for Lapita dispersal throughout the Pacific and illuminates their origins.
#641
2022-04-18
进化生物
Effects of epistasis and recombination between vaccine-escape and virulence alleles on the dynamics of pathogen adaptation
Modelling shows that vaccines that reduce infection or hasten infection clearance generate positive epistasis between vaccine-escape and virulence alleles, whereas vaccines that reduce virulence generate negative epistasis. High rates of recombination also affect how selection acts on both alleles.
#642
2022-04-14
生态系统
Logging elevated the probability of high-severity fire in the 2019–20 Australian forest fires
摘要暂缺
#643
2022-04-14
生态系统
Reply to: Logging elevated the probability of high-severity fire in the 2019–20 Australian forest fires
摘要暂缺
#644
2022-04-14
进化生物
Decomposing phenotypic skew and its effects on the predicted response to strong selection
Using data from blue tits, the authors show that the distribution of juvenile body size is skewed due to environmental factors, and that although it does not affect selection estimates in this case, skew has the potential to overestimate heritability and explain discrepancies in predicted trait evolution.
#645
2022-04-07
进化生物
Cophylogeny and convergence shape holobiont evolution in sponge–microbe symbioses
Surveying sponge biodiversity across the Caribbean, the authors show that low microbial abundance is the ancestral symbiotic state, whereas high microbial abundance has evolved multiple times and exhibits increased endemism, metabolic dependence and chemical defences.
#646
2022-04-07
生物多样性
Privately protected areas increase global protected area coverage and connectivity
Exploring more than 17,000 privately protected areas in 15 countries across 5 continents, the authors identify the contribution of this kind of protected area to global conservation efforts and identify the roles they can play to achieving new biodiversity conservation targets.
#647
2022-04-07
生态系统
Emergence and intensification of dairying in the Caucasus and Eurasian steppes
Milk proteins from the North Caucasus and Eurasian steppe support the initial development of sheep dairying during the Eneolithic, followed by subsequent intensification and husbandry of different dairy animals during the Middle Bronze Age and later periods.
#648
2022-04-04
海洋
Biological trade-offs underpin coral reef ecosystem functioning
Integrating bioenergetic models and global coral reef fish community surveys, the authors show that there are functional trade-offs, meaning that no community can maximize all functions, and that dominant species underpin local functions, but their identity varies geographically.
#649
2022-04-04
生态系统
Latitudinal gradients in avian colourfulness
After generating a dataset on plumage colouration for over 4,500 bird species, the authors show that tropical species are more colourful than temperate species, confirming a long-held but difficult-to-prove belief.
#650
2022-03-31
进化生物
Co-evolution of interacting proteins through non-contacting and non-specific mutations
Enabling mutations do not affect current protein function but affect future mutational possibilities. The authors explore the nature of enabling mutations in a bacterial toxin–antitoxin system.
#651
2022-03-28
气候变化
Extinction, coextinction and colonization dynamics in plant–hummingbird networks under climate change
Using 84 plant–hummingbird networks from across the Americas, the authors show that the balance between climate change-induced extinction, coextinction and colonization varies both with geography and network structure.
#652
2022-03-28
气候变化
Snake-like limb loss in a Carboniferous amniote
A new taxon of molgophid recumbirostran from the Carboniferous of Illinois,Nagini mazonense, suggests that the forelimb-first pattern of limb reduction that characterizes modern snakes also occurs early on in amniote evolution.
#653
2022-03-28
进化生物
Intra- and interpopulation transposition of mobile genetic elements driven by antibiotic selection
Analysing the transposition dynamics of synthetic and natural transposons that encode resistance to different antibiotics, the authors show that stronger antibiotic selection leads to a higher fraction of cells carrying the resistance on plasmids.
#654
2022-03-28
气候变化
Changes in precipitation patterns can destabilize plant species coexistence via changes in plant–soil feedback
The authors use experiments and model simulations to show that among a community of eight grassland plant species, pairwise plant–soil feedbacks are more likely to be positive in high-precipitation conditions and negative in dry conditions.
#655
2022-03-24
进化生物
Genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation and chromosomal polymorphism in geladas
Analysing a newly assembled genome of the gelada, an endemic Ethiopian monkey that lives in high altitudes, the authors identify a novel karyotype and genomic elements associated with high-altitude adaptation.
#656
2022-03-21
生态系统
Sociality predicts orangutan vocal phenotype
Analysis of wild orangutan calls demonstrates that different degrees of sociality across populations are associated with different ‘vocal personalities’.
#657
2022-03-21
进化生物
Embryonic muscle splitting patterns reveal homologies of amniote forelimb muscles
The evolutionary history of amniote limb muscles remains unclear. Here the authors study the embryonic development of forelimb musculature in six species of amniotes and show that early splitting patterns of embryonic muscle masses are highly conserved across Amniota.
#658
2022-03-21
进化生物
Selection drives convergent gene expression changes during transitions to co-sexuality in haploid sexual systems
Studying four examples of the transition to co-sexuality in brown algae, the authors show extensive convergent changes in gene expression driven by selection, and greater similarity of co-sexual gene expression profiles to those of ancestral females than to those of ancestral males.
#659
2022-03-10
气候变化
Field experiments underestimate aboveground biomass response to drought
In a meta-analysis comparing experimental versus observational studies of aboveground biomass responses to drought in grasslands, the authors show that effect sizes in experiments are 53% weaker than in observational studies, suggesting that experiments are underestimating drought responses.
#660
2022-03-10
进化生物
Innate immune pathways act synergistically to constrain RNA virus evolution inDrosophila melanogaster
The innate immune system affects viral evolution. Here, the authors use experimental evolution to ask how different immune pathways impact viral genetic diversity and virulence usingDrosophila melanogasterand its natural pathogenDrosophilaC virus.
#661
2022-03-07
生态系统
Hibernation slows epigenetic ageing in yellow-bellied marmots
Species that hibernate generally have longer lifespans than expected based on their body size. The authors show epigenetic ageing patterns from a natural population of hibernating yellow-bellied marmots consistent with the hypothesis that ageing is suspended during hibernation.
#662
2022-03-07
进化生物
Experimental manipulation of microbiota reduces host thermal tolerance and fitness under heat stress in a vertebrate ectotherm
Tadpoles with experimentally manipulated microbiomes have reduced activity of mitochondrial enzymes and altered metabolic rates, resulting in altered thermal sensitivity of locomotion and reduced thermal tolerance and survival.
#663
2022-03-03
进化生物
Population size mediates the contribution of high-rate and large-benefit mutations to parallel evolution
Population size influences mutation supply but may also influence what types of mutations eventually become fixed. Here, Schenk et al. show that small and large experimentally evolving bacteria populations predictably fix different types of mutations, with greater antibiotic resistance emerging in large populations.
#664
2022-02-28
生态系统
An earlier start of the thermal growing season enhances tree growth in cold humid areas but not in dry areas
The authors use tree-ring width data across the extratropical Northern Hemisphere to show that earlier growing season onsets lead to enhanced tree radial growth in cold humid but not in dry areas.
#665
2022-02-28
海洋
Environmental influences on human innovation and behavioural diversity in southern Africa 92–80 thousand years ago
Evidence of ostrich eggshell artefacts, long-distance transport of marine shells and heat treatment of stone tools in a marginal southern African environment 92–80 thousand years ago suggests that innovation among early human groups was sensitive to ecological variation.
#666
2022-02-24
微生物
Mycorrhizal dominance reduces local tree species diversity across US forests
Associations with mycorrhizal fungi can affect many aspects of plant ecology, including the structuring of plant communities at large spatial scales. Here, the authors use forest inventory plot data to show that tree species diversity is highest in plots with mixed presence of arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi, while plots with dominance by either fungal type have lower diversity.
#667
2022-02-24
进化生物
Genomic variation from an extinct species is retained in the extant radiation following speciation reversal
Genomic analysis of an Alpine whitefish radiation before and after human-driven lake eutrophication that led to the extinction of one species through hybridization shows that substantial parts of the genome of the extinct species persist within surviving species due to introgressive hybridization.
#668
2022-02-24
进化生物
Environmental selection and epistasis in an empirical phenotype–environment–fitness landscape
Constructing a fitness landscape from the fitness ofEscherichia colicarrying single point mutants in VIM-2 β-lactamase across environments with different ampicillin concentrations and the antibiotic resistance of each variant, the authors show that the evolution of β-lactamases can be predicted based on the selection pressure in the environment.
#669
2022-02-24
生态系统
Alternative stable states of the forest mycobiome are maintained through positive feedbacks
Forests tend to be comprised of tree species that mostly associate with either arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi. The authors show that positive feedbacks maintain this biomodal distribution of dominant mycorrhizal associations across US forest inventory plots.
#670
2022-02-24
微生物
CommensalPseudomonasstrains facilitate protective response against pathogens in the host plant
The authors conduct competition experiments with multiple strains ofPseudomonas(some pathogenic and some commensal) in the phylosphere microbiome ofArabidopsisplants, showing that both the host and the commensal strains interact to inhibit the pathogenic strains.
#671
2022-02-24
进化生物
Domestication reprogrammed the budding yeast life cycle
This study assesses the capacity for sexual and asexual reproduction and the chronological life span across 1,011 genome-sequenced budding yeast isolates and shows the remarkable impact of domestication on budding yeast evolution.
#672
2022-02-17
进化生物
Supergene origin and maintenance in Atlantic cod
Atlantic cod carries four supergenes linked to migratory lifestyle and environmental adaptations. Using whole-genome sequencing, the authors show that the genome inversions that underlie the supergenes originated at different times and show gene flux between supergene haplotypes.
#673
2022-02-14
海洋
Reply to: Conclusions of low extinction risk for most species of reef-building corals are premature
摘要暂缺
#674
2022-02-14
海洋
Conclusions of low extinction risk for most species of reef-building corals are premature
摘要暂缺
#675
2022-02-10
古生物
Widespread extinction debts and colonization credits in United States breeding bird communities
The authors use US Breeding Bird Survey data to quantify the losses and gains in bird species richness that have not yet been realized owing to ecological time lags following past land use changes.
#676
2022-02-10
古生物
Morphological volatility precedes ecological innovation in early echinoderms
Comparing anatomy and life habits for fossil echinoderms spanning the Cambrian to Ordovician periods, the authors show that anatomical form and functional diversity are decoupled, and ecological innovation is constrained.
#677
2022-02-10
古生物
Palaeoecological data indicates land-use changes across Europe linked to spatial heterogeneity in mortality during the Black Death pandemic
Historical accounts of the mortality outcomes of the Black Death plague pandemic are variable across Europe, with much higher death tolls suggested in some areas than others. Here the authors use a ‘big data palaeoecology’ approach to show that land use change following the pandemic was spatially variable across Europe, confirming heterogeneous responses with empirical data.
#678
2022-02-07
进化生物
A titanosaurian sauropod with Gondwanan affinities in the latest Cretaceous of Europe
The authors report a new genus and species of titanosaurian sauropod,Abditosaurus kuehnei, from the Late Cretaceous (ca. 70.5 Ma) of Spain.A. kuehneigroups phylogenetically with South American and African taxa, suggesting geographical connectivity between Africa and Europe at this time.
#679
2022-02-07
气候变化
Plant-water sensitivity regulates wildfire vulnerability
The authors show that an ecosystem’s sensitivity to drought, measured as the amount of change in vegetation moisture content for a given change in background moisture, predicts the fire hazard in that location.
#680
2022-01-27
气候变化
Radiocarbon dating from Yuzhniy Oleniy Ostrov cemetery reveals complex human responses to socio-ecological stress during the 8.2 ka cooling event
New radiocarbon dates for the Mesolithic cemetery of Yuzhniy Oleniy Ostrov suggest that the main use of the site spanned only a few centuries, centring on a northern hemisphere climatic downturn event.
#681
2022-01-27
进化生物
Hunting alters viral transmission and evolution in a large carnivore
By conducting viral phylodynamic analysis on samples of puma feline immunodeficiency virus from regions with and without puma hunting, the authors show that stopping hunting disrupts male social structure and in turn influences viral dynamics.
#682
2022-01-20
海洋
Complex marine microbial communities partition metabolism of scarce resources over the diel cycle
By integrating time series analyses of transcripts, lipids and metabolites, the authors show that microorganisms in the open ocean partition scarce resources temporally, with different microbial groups expressing nitrogen uptake and assimilation processes at different points throughout the diel cycle.
#683
2022-01-13
生物多样性
Ecological network complexity scales with area
Using 32 ecological networks (host–parasite, plant–pollinator, plant–herbivore and other food webs), the authors show that several network properties scale with the size of the sampling area, suggesting a new type of biodiversity–area relationship.
#684
2022-01-13
气候变化
Contrasting responses of woody and grassland ecosystems to increased CO2as water supply varies
The extent to which excess carbon dioxide causes a ‘fertilization effect’ varies across biomes and as a function of water supply, finds a study examining data from 14 CO2experimental sites.
#685
2022-01-13
进化生物
Site-and-branch-heterogeneous analyses of an expanded dataset favour mitochondria as sister to known Alphaproteobacteria
The evolutionary relationship between mitochondria and their closest bacterial relatives remains uncertain. Applying a new model of protein evolution to an extended dataset, the authors reconstruct the phylogenetic position of the mitochondria as sister to the Alphaproteobacteria.
#686
2021-12-30
生态系统
No pervasive relationship between species size and local abundance trends
Despite expectations that global anthropogenic pressures on species with communities may be size biased, this relationship has not been tested on a large scale. Here the authors use existing databases to show that larger species have not experienced more declines in abundance within their respective communities than small species.
#687
2021-12-30
古生物
Colonial history and global economics distort our understanding of deep-time biodiversity
Analysing the global distribution, source and authorship of fossil research over the past 30 years, the authors find that researchers in high- or upper-middle-income countries hold a monopoly over palaeontological knowledge production, contributing to 97% of fossil data in the Paleobiology Database, leading to disenfranchisement of researchers in lower-income countries and biased spatial sampling across the globe.
#688
2021-12-30
进化生物
Dosage sensitivity and exon shuffling shape the landscape of polymorphic duplicates inDrosophilaand humans
Polymorphic duplicate genes are important early stages of duplicate gene evolution. Here, the authors characterize polymorphic gene duplicates with respect to dosage, exon–intron structures and allele frequencies forDrosophilaand humans.
#689
2021-12-23
进化生物
Antigenic escape selects for the evolution of higher pathogen transmission and virulence
A model of pathogen evolution that allows for non-equilibrium dynamics finds that antigenic drift and escape select for the long-term persistence of more acute pathogens with higher virulence.
#690
2021-12-23
进化生物
Spatial structure governs the mode of tumour evolution
Tumour evolution modelling indicates that different tumour spatial structures can determine different tumour evolutionary modes, which are regulated by cell dispersal and cell–cell interactions. Model predictions of four evolutionary modes are consistent with empirical observations of cancers with varying architectures.
#691
2021-12-23
气候变化
Climatic and soil factors explain the two-dimensional spectrum of global plant trait variation
The authors investigate the broad-scale climatological and soil properties that co-vary with major axes of plant functional traits. They find that variation in plant size is attributed to latitudinal gradients in water or energy limitation, while variation in leaf economics traits is attributed to both climate and soil fertility including their interaction.
#692
2021-12-23
进化生物
Spatial patterns of tumour growth impact clonal diversification in a computational model and the TRACERx Renal study
A combined modelling and tumour analysis approach is used to study the temporal and spatial patterns of subclone evolution in the TRACERx renal study. Studying the tumour shape and spatial features of clonal diversity in early-stage tumours may allow the prediction of tumour progression and patterns of subclone diversification over time.
#693
2021-12-23
生态系统
A masculinizing supergene underlies an exaggerated male reproductive morph in a spider
The hunchback spider exhibits male-specific polymorphism in head shape. Here, the authors show that this polymorphism is determined by a large insertion that comprises duplicated male-specific genes including a duplicate of a key sexual differentiation regulatory gene.
#694
2021-12-23
进化生物
Natural selection for imprecise vertical transmission in host–microbiota systems
Vertical transmission is thought to favour beneficial host–microbe interactions, but these may also be context dependent. Here Bruijning et al. show with a model that variable environments can select for bet-hedging by hosts via imperfect vertical transmission of microbes.
#695
2021-12-23
气候变化
Prochlorococcushave low global mutation rate and small effective population size
Based on an empirically estimated mutation rate, the authors show that the effective population size ofProchlorococcus, the most abundant carbon-fixing organisms in the ocean, is smaller than that of many free-living bacteria, suggesting an important role of drift inProchlorococcusevolution.
#696
2021-12-16
生态系统
Global predictors of language endangerment and the future of linguistic diversity
Using a global analysis of 6,511 spoken languages with 51 predictor variables spanning aspects of population, documentation, legal recognition, education policy, socioeconomic indicators and environmental features, the authors identify predictors of current and future language endangerment and loss.
#697
2021-12-03
进化生物
Rapid evolutionary dynamics of an expanding family of meiotic drive factors and their hpRNA suppressors
TheDoxmeiotic drive system distorts the sex ratio inDrosophila simulans. Here, the authors reconstruct the stepwise emergence, and recent amplification of Dox superfamily genes in parallel with the emergence of autosomal hairpin RNA-class siRNA loci that target subsets of these putative drivers.
#698
2021-11-25
进化生物
Gene family evolution underlies cell-type diversification in the hypothalamus of teleosts
Single-cell transcriptomics of hypothalamic cells from zebrafish and surface and cave morphs of Mexican tetra shows conservation of cell types and that cellular novelty is associated with genetic novelty and the species-specific expression of paralogous genes.
#699
2021-11-25
进化生物
The earliest Denisovans and their cultural adaptation
Identifying Neanderthal and Denisovan bone fragments using collagen peptide mass fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA analysis at Denisova Cave, the authors are able to date the earliest secure Denisovan presence at the cave to c. 200 ka. The stratigraphic association with lithics and faunal remains allows the authors to explore the behavioural and environmental adaptations of these elusive hominins.
#700
2021-11-18
进化生物
Expression level is a major modifier of the fitness landscape of a protein coding gene
Measuring fitness effects of mutations in the same gene expressed at two levels, the authors show expression dependency of fitness effects in at least 42% of all single-nucleotide mutations, probably driven by avoidance of stochastic molecular errors.
#701
2021-11-08
微生物
Plasmids do not consistently stabilize cooperation across bacteria but may promote broad pathogen host-range
Horizontal gene transfer could stabilize cooperation in bacteria because plasmids could promote the transfer of genes encoding public goods. However, the authors use comparative analysis and theoretical modelling to show that, while horizontal gene transfer may help cooperative genes invade a population initially, they have less of a role in long-term maintenance of cooperation.
#702
2021-11-04
生物多样性
Functional diversity effects on productivity increase with age in a forest biodiversity experiment
In a long-running forest biodiversity experiment in China, the authors ask which measures of tree functional trait diversity impact productivity as forests develop. While productivity increased with community-weighted mean trait values early on, after 7 years productivity was significantly increased in plots with higher functional diversity.
#703
2021-10-07
海洋
The functional genetic architecture of egg-laying and live-bearing reproduction in common lizards
Using natural hybrids between oviparous and viviparous common lizards, the authors describe the genetic architecture of parity mode and conduct a comparative analysis of genes associated with viviparity in mammals, squamates and fish.
#704
2021-09-30
气候变化
Exacerbated drought impacts on global ecosystems due to structural overshoot
Structural overshoot can occur when phases of excess plant growth deplete soil moisture too rapidly. The authors quantify structural overshoots using remote sensing datasets from 1981 to 2015, finding that 11% of droughts during this period could be attributed to structural overshoot.
#705
2021-09-23
古生物
Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur
The authors report a fossilized vertebrate rib with spiked dermal armour fused to its dorsal surface from the mid-Jurassic of Morocco, which they interpret as the earliest known ankylosaur.
#706
2021-09-20
生物多样性
Species richness is more important for ecosystem functioning than species turnover along an elevational gradient
The authors measure numerous ecosystem functions across an elevational gradient on Mt Kilimanjaro and find that species richness impacts function more than species turnover across sites. They also show that variation in species richness impacts ecosystem functioning more strongly at the landscape scale than at the local scale.
#707
2021-09-20
生物多样性
Risks to global biodiversity and Indigenous lands from China’s overseas development finance
The authors assess the risks to global biodiversity and Indigenous lands arising from projects financed by China’s policy banks between 2008 and 2019, and compare that with the risks associated with similar projects financed by the World Bank.
#708
2021-09-09
生态系统
Global hunter-gatherer population densities constrained by influence of seasonality on diet composition
The authors construct a process-based hunter-gatherer population model embedded within a global terrestrial biosphere model that reveals a strong effect of growing season length on population density via diet composition.
#709
2021-09-06
生态系统
Socio-demographic correlates of wildlife consumption during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic
By surveying ~5,000 citizens across five Asian countries/territories, the authors show that increased awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic reduced self-reported propensity to consume wildlife products. A behavioural intervention simulation also suggests that increasing awareness of zoonotic risks could reduce future wildlife consumption.
#710
2021-09-06
生态系统
Satellite DNA-mediated diversification of asex-ratiomeiotic drive gene family inDrosophila
SomeDrosophilaspecies have cryptic sex-ratio drive systems. Here, the authors show rapid expansion of a driver gene family,Distorter on the X, in three closely relatedDrosophilaspecies on the X chromosome and suppressors on the autosomes.
#711
2021-09-02
气候变化
Global topographic uplift has elevated speciation in mammals and birds over the last 3 million years
Geology and climate affect speciation. A combination of path analysis applied to palaeo-reconstructions of mammals and birds with analysis of palaeoclimatic data shows that uplift over the last 3 million years explains more spatial variation in speciation than the direct effects of palaeoclimate change or present-day elevation and temperature.
#712
2021-08-30
气候变化
Using the IUCN Red List to map threats to terrestrial vertebrates at global scale
Red List information is used to generate global maps of the likelihood of impacts on terrestrial vertebrates exerted by agriculture, hunting and trapping, logging, pollution, invasive species and climate change.
#713
2021-08-23
进化生物
Sustained high rates of morphological evolution during the rise of tetrapods
The authors use Bayesian morphological clock modelling and combined trace and body fossil data to examine the evolutionary dynamics of early tetrapodomorphs.
#714
2021-08-23
气候变化
Areas of global importance for conserving terrestrial biodiversity, carbon and water
Global spatial data for terrestrial vertebrate and vascular plant diversity, above- and below-ground biomass carbon, and potential clean freshwater volume are combined in a joint optimization study to identify potential synergies for conservation management.
#715
2021-08-19
进化生物
Concerted genomic and epigenomic changes accompany stabilization ofArabidopsisallopolyploids
Arabidopsis suecicais an allotetraploid derived fromArabidopsisthalianaandArabidopsisarenosa. Analysis of resynthesized and natural allotetraploidA. suecicashows balanced genomic variation accompanied by convergent and concerted changes in DNA methylation and gene expression between two subgenomes that probably contributed to genome stability during polyploid evolution.
#716
2021-08-19
进化生物
Rapid evolution of sexual size dimorphism facilitated by Y-linked genetic variance
Experimental evolution shows that sexually antagonistic selection promotes sexual body size dimorphism in the seed beetle. Dimorphism is largely explained by Y-linked genetic variance with contribution from sex-specific dominance, X-linkage and sex differences in autosomal variance.
#717
2021-08-19
气候变化
Resource–diversity relationships in bacterial communities reflect the network structure of microbial metabolism
The authors conduct experiments with soil microbes grown in communities with increasing numbers of available carbon sources, each of which can support variable numbers of species. The results show that each additional resource enables only one to two additional species to grow, lower than expectations.
#718
2021-08-19
进化生物
Gradual evolution of allopolyploidy inArabidopsis suecica
Arabidopsis suecicais a natural allotetraploid species formed via hybridization ofArabidopsis thalianaandArabidopsis arenosa. Comparative analysis of genome and transcriptome data shows no evidence for major genomic changes linked to structural and functional alterations inA. suecicabut reveals changes to the meiotic machinery and cyto-nuclear processes.
#719
2021-08-16
生物多样性
A global-scale expert assessment of drivers and risks associated with pollinator decline
The predominant threats to pollinators vary across locations, as do perceptions of the consequences of pollinator loss. Here, the authors use formal expert elicitation methods to identify how pollination conservation experts rank the various drivers of pollinator decline and the range of risks to humans if pollination activity is lost.
#720
2021-08-12
生态系统
Collective behaviour can stabilize ecosystems
Collective movements such as flocking or schooling can benefit a single species, but there may also be wider implications of such behaviour. The authors use a theoretical model to show that collective movement of consumer species can promote species coexistence and ecosystem stability.
#721
2021-08-12
古生物
Dog colour patterns explained by modular promoters of ancient canid origin
Dogs exhibit remarkable variation in colour patterns. Here, the authors identify structural variants of independent regulatory modules for ventral and hair cycle expression of theASIPgene that explain five distinctive dog colour patterns and trace back the origin of one colour pattern to an extinct canid.
#722
2021-07-26
进化生物
Bottleneck size and selection level reproducibly impact evolution of antibiotic resistance
Strong population bottlenecks in combination with weak antibiotic selection consistently favours the evolution of resistance across independently performedPseudomonas aeruginosaevolution experiments.
#723
2021-07-26
进化生物
Multiple paths to morphological diversification during the origin of amniotes
Analysis of dental characters reveals an early burst in the evolution of the amniote feeding apparatus, but subsequently, variation in the mode of evolution became important as phenotypic diversification became disassociated from increased evolutionary rates.
#724
2021-07-26
古生物
Spatial models of giant pandas under current and future conditions reveal extinction risks
The authors model likely outcomes for the 33 isolated populations reported in the Fourth National Giant Panda Census under multiple RCP scenarios and with the provision of the planned Giant Panda National Park. They find that, although the National Park may connect some fragmented habitats, most of the populations with high extinction risk fall outside the current plans.
#725
2021-07-22
生态系统
Drivers of seedling establishment success in dryland restoration efforts
The seeding of native species is critical to the success of dryland restoration efforts. Here the authors evaluate success of seeding establishment at 174 sites on six continents, finding that some sites had nearly 100% of species successfully recruit, while 17% of sites had zero seedling success.
#726
2021-07-22
进化生物
Evolutionary dynamics of the elevational diversity gradient in passerine birds
Diversification does not vary consistently across elevations, but highland species are more likely to migrate than lowland species, setting up species pumps that are particularly strong in the tropics.
#727
2021-07-19
气候变化
Changes in climate drive recent monarch butterfly dynamics
A collation of data on North American monarch butterfly summer breeding and overwintering populations from 1994 to 2018, combined with seasonal covariate data, suggests an increasing role of climate change as a driver of butterfly dynamics.
#728
2021-07-19
进化生物
Patterns of skeletal integration in birds reveal that adaptation of element shapes enables coordinated evolution between anatomical modules
Analysis of high-resolution three-dimensional models of 149 extant bird species reveals contrasting patterns of integration across the avian skeleton for size and shape: element sizes within body regions are strongly modular, but element shapes are less so and have stronger relationships with ecology.
#729
2021-07-15
气候变化
Obligate cross-feeding expands the metabolic niche of bacteria
Here the authors engineer a synthetic microbial community with obligate mutualisms, finding that mutualisms enable pairs of bacteria to occupy larger niches (feeding from a wider range of carbon sources) than they could in the absence of mutualisms.
#730
2021-07-15
气候变化
Climate and land-use changes drive biodiversity turnover in arthropod assemblages over 150 years
Using a 150-year time series of data on arthropod species richness in Italy, the authors identify the main drivers of assemblage compositional turnover, finding that turnover is highest in locations with rapid changes in precipitation, particularly when human population density also increased rapidly.
#731
2021-07-05
海洋
A meta-analysis reveals edge effects within marine protected areas
A finding of smaller numbers of fish and invertebrates close within the border of a marine protected area compared to further inside may have profound effects on current estimates of population sizes in small- to medium-sized MPAs.
#732
2021-07-05
气候变化
A 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals Neanderthals’ capacity for symbolic behaviour
The authors report an incised giant deer phalanx (toe bone), directly radiocarbon dated to at least 51,000 years old. The age and context of the object suggests that it was engraved by Neanderthals.
#733
2021-07-01
古生物
The rise and fall of proboscidean ecological diversity
The authors use model-based approaches to examine the entire fossil history of proboscideans, from their dispersal outside of Afro-Arabia in the Oligocene to late Miocene extirpations and Quaternary collapse, identifying the innovations that allowed this group to overcome 60 million years of severe environmental shifts.
#734
2021-06-28
古生物
A juvenile-rich palaeocommunity of the lower Cambrian Chengjiang biota sheds light on palaeo-boom or palaeo-bust environments
The authors report a new lower Cambrian Burgess Shale-type Lagerstätte from Haiyan, southwest China which preserves an unusually high number of juvenile and larval forms.
#735
2021-06-24
生态系统
Random population fluctuations bias the Living Planet Index
A combination of simulations and empirical data shows that random fluctuations in species population time-series data affect calculations of the Living Planet Index, in some cases exaggerating population declines.
#736
2021-06-24
气候变化
The global distribution and environmental drivers of aboveground versus belowground plant biomass
The fraction of plant biomass in aboveground versus root tissues has implications for carbon storage and dynamics. Here the authors collate a dataset on root-mass fractions and use these data to explore large scale patterns of belowground plant biomass.
#737
2021-06-21
进化生物
Fertilization mode drives sperm length evolution across the animal tree of life
Sperm morphology is remarkably diverse across animals. A macro-evolutionary analysis of how fertilization mode influences sperm length shows shorter sperm in external fertilizers and spermcasters and a faster rate of evolution of sperm length in spermcasters and internal fertilizers.
#738
2021-06-21
生态系统
Mating increasesDrosophila melanogasterfemales’ choosiness by reducing olfactory sensitivity to a male pheromone
This study shows thatDrosophila melanogasterfemales are more selective after their first mating because mating triggers the increased release of juvenile hormone, which desensitizes the Or47b olfactory neurons to an aphrodisiac pheromone produced by males.
#739
2021-06-17
气候变化
Ecological factors influence balancing selection on leaf chemical profiles of a wildflower
Evidence for balancing selection acting on loci that control complex traits is limited. Here, the authors show evidence for past selection on chemical profile in a perennial wildflower by two ecological drivers, herbivory and drought, consistent with balancing selection on this trait.
#740
2021-06-10
气候变化
Root traits explain plant species distributions along climatic gradients yet challenge the nature of ecological trade-offs
Scrutinizing the empirical evidence for bidirectional trade-offs in fine root traits, the authors show that while these are important in explaining species occurrences along broad temperature and water availability gradients, unidirectional benefits are prevalent.
#741
2021-06-10
生态系统
Non-uniform tropical forest responses to the ‘Columbian Exchange’ in the Neotropics and Asia-Pacific
The authors assess the impact of Spanish colonization on forest dynamics across the tropics, finding variable responses according to regional land use strategies, as well as other cultural, social and biophysical factors.
#742
2021-06-03
生态系统
Empirical pressure-response relations can benefit assessment of safe operating spaces
摘要暂缺
#743
2021-06-03
生态系统
Reply to: Empirical pressure-response relations can benefit assessment of safe operating spaces
摘要暂缺
#744
2021-05-31
古生物
Reinterpreting the relationship between number of species and number of links connects community structure and stability
This paper demonstrates that the scaling relationship between the number of species and the number of interactions (links) in a network can explain its local stability and robustness to secondary extinctions.
#745
2021-05-27
生态系统
Coexistence holes characterize the assembly and disassembly of multispecies systems
Drawing on theory from the field of mathematics known as topology, the authors characterize sets of species that can or cannot coexist in hypergraphs.
#746
2021-05-20
进化生物
Mutational signatures impact the evolution of anti-EGFR antibody resistance in colorectal cancer
Analysis of exome sequencing data from 42 baseline and progression biopsies from cetuximab-treated colorectal cancers reveals limited adaptive mutagenesis but shows a chemotherapy-induced mutational signature that is the main contributor of specific driver mutations that are enriched at acquired resistance.
#747
2021-05-17
进化生物
Molecular mechanisms of mutualistic and antagonistic interactions in a plant–pollinator association
Mechanisms underlying interactions in insect–pollinator systems remain unknown. Analysis of high-quality genomes ofFicus pumilavar.pumilaand its specific pollinating wasp,Wiebesia pumilae, reveals molecular mechanisms underlying this coevolved mutualism.
#748
2021-05-17
进化生物
Selection of metastasis competent subclones in the tumour interior
The spatial and physical nature of tumour growth remains unclear. Combining whole-tumour images from clear cell renal cell carcinoma with genomic data, the authors show more aggressive subclonal growth and metastasizing subclones in the tumour centre.
#749
2021-05-13
进化生物
Engineering complex communities by directed evolution
A simulation study integrates existing artificial selection methods to develop a ‘top-down’ approach to engineering complex, stable microbial communities based on iterated randomization and selection of community structure and function.
#750
2021-05-10
气候变化
The severity and extent of the Australia 2019–20Eucalyptusforest fires are not the legacy of forest management
Geospatial analysis of forest canopy damage in over half the area burned in the 2019–20 southeast Australian wildfires shows that spatial factors and weather determine burning severity much more than past logging and wildfire disturbance.
#751
2021-05-10
进化生物
The genome ofNautilus pompiliusilluminates eye evolution and biomineralization
Nautilus, the sole surviving externally shelled cephalopod from the Palaeozoic, holds an important phylogenetic position to understand the evolution of cephalopods. A complete genome ofNautilus pompiliussheds light on the evolution of the pinhole eye and biomineralization.
#752
2021-05-06
进化生物
Acanthodian dental development and the origin of gnathostome dentitions
The authors explore dental development in a stem-chondrichthyan ischnacanthid acanthodian to inform our understanding of the ancestral gnathostome dental condition, finding that although dermal oral tubercles are a conserved feature of early gnathostomes, the complex cyclic shedding dentitions and whorls appear to have evolved multiple times.
#753
2021-05-06
海洋
Extreme Y chromosome polymorphism corresponds to five male reproductive morphs of a freshwater fish
Males of the freshwater fishPoecilia paraeoccur as one of five morphs with different reproductive strategies that are controlled by five Y haplotypes. Analysis of Y chromosomes of the five morphs shows extreme diversity in the three major morphs despite constraints imposed by lack of recombination of sex chromosomes.
#754
2021-05-03
气候变化
Intrataxonomic trends in herbivore enamel δ13C are decoupled from ecosystem woody cover
Combining a published dataset of stable carbon isotopes from herbivore tooth enamel with multidecadal Landsat estimates of C3woody cover across 30 African ecosystems, the authors show that there is little relationship between intrataxonomic variation in δ13C enamel and vegetation structure, leading them to recommend a community-level approach for making vegetation inferences.
#755
2021-05-03
生态系统
Meta-analytic evidence that animals rarely avoid inbreeding
A meta-analysis of 139 studies of diploid animals shows that they rarely avoid mating with kin, although the degree of relatedness and prior experience with kin do alter the effect size, and there is evidence of publication bias.
#756
2021-05-03
生态系统
Consequences of spatial patterns for coexistence in species-rich plant communities
Tree spatial data, spatial statistics and dynamical theory reveal the relationship between spatial patterns and population-level interaction coefficients and their consequences for multispecies dynamics and coexistence.
#757
2021-04-29
生物多样性
Limited protection and ongoing loss of tropical cloud forest biodiversity and ecosystems worldwide
A global assessment of the status of tropical cloud forests shows that they have declined overall by ~2.4% since 2001, with much of this occurring despite formal protection and with up to 8% loss in some regions.
#758
2021-04-29
生态系统
Migratory strategy drives species-level variation in bird sensitivity to vegetation green-up
Citizen-science data on bird observations from eastern North America show that the timing of spring arrival of migratory birds is broadly correlated with fluctuations in vegetation green-up but that the varying sensitivity of different bird species to this phenological event is linked to their different migratory strategies.
#759
2021-04-22
微生物
Soil microbiome predictability increases with spatial and taxonomic scale
A predictive model of soil microbiome composition is tested against community surveys from across the United States, showing an increase in predictability with spatial scale when using both functional and taxonomic groups.
#760
2021-04-15
海洋
Animals, protists and bacteria share marine biogeographic patterns
Despite the fact that large animals and microorganisms face different environmental and anthropogenic pressures, this study finds that marine biogeographic patterns are similar for organisms in different kingdoms.
#761
2021-04-15
进化生物
The island rule explains consistent patterns of body size evolution in terrestrial vertebrates
A phylogenetic meta-analysis of patterns and drivers of body size evolution across a global sample of paired island–mainland populations of terrestrial vertebrates shows that ‘island rule’ effects are widespread in mammals, birds and reptiles, but less evident in amphibians, which mostly tend towards gigantism.
#762
2021-04-12
进化生物
A theoretical analysis of tumour containment
Adaptive therapies based on evolutionary principles propose that, under certain conditions, tumour containment, rather than elimination, might be the best strategy to treat cancer. This study presents a theoretical analysis of different models of tumour containment.
#763
2021-04-08
古生物
A metric for spatially explicit contributions to science-based species targets
The species threat abatement and restoration (STAR) metric quantifies the contributions that abating threats and restoring habitats offer towards reducing species’ extinction risk in specific places.
#764
2021-04-07
进化生物
A genome sequence from a modern human skull over 45,000 years old from Zlatý kůň in Czechia
The authors present the genome sequence of a >45,000-year-old femaleHomo sapiensindividual from the site of Zlatý kůň, Czechia. Although radiometric dating of the human remains was inconclusive, the authors were able to use molecular methods to demonstrate that she was probably among the earliest Eurasian inhabitants following expansion out of Africa.
#765
2021-04-05
生态系统
Studies of insect temporal trends must account for the complex sampling histories inherent to many long-term monitoring efforts
摘要暂缺
#766
2021-04-05
生态系统
Reply to: Disentangling biology from mathematical necessity in twentieth-century gymnosperm resilience trends
摘要暂缺
#767
2021-04-05
进化生物
Adequate statistical modelling and data selection are essential when analysing abundance and diversity trends
摘要暂缺
#768
2021-04-05
生态系统
Disentangling biology from mathematical necessity in twentieth-century gymnosperm resilience trends
摘要暂缺
#769
2021-04-05
生态系统
M. S. Crossley et al. reply
摘要暂缺
#770
2021-04-05
进化生物
Balancing selection maintains hyper-divergent haplotypes inCaenorhabditis elegans
The genomes of 609 wildCaenorhabditis elegansstrains isolated across the world reveal hyper-divergent regions, often shared among many wild strains, that are enriched for genes that mediate environmental response, which might have enabled the species to thrive in diverse environments.
#771
2021-04-01
进化生物
Divergence-time estimates for hominins provide insight into encephalization and body mass trends in human evolution
The authors apply a Bayesian total evidence dating approach to a recent hominin phylogeny, estimating that the origin ofHomoprobably occurred 4.3–2.56 million years ago. Ancestral state reconstructions show the onset of a trend towards greater body mass with the origin of the genus and gradual but accelerating encephalization rates throughout hominin evolution.
#772
2021-04-01
进化生物
Pollinator interaction flexibility across scales affects patch colonization and occupancy
Flexibility in interaction patterns could help species adapt to global change. Here the authors show that pollinators with higher interaction flexibility are more likely to colonize new patches in a landscape.
#773
2021-04-01
进化生物
Amazon tree dominance across forest strata
Most Amazon tree species are rare but a small proportion are common across the region. The authors show that different species are hyperdominant in different size classes and that hyperdominance is more phylogenetically restricted for larger canopy trees than for smaller understory ones.
#774
2021-03-29
生态系统
Mapping the deforestation footprint of nations reveals growing threat to tropical forests
The authors use economic input–output modelling to reveal how consumption patterns contribute to deforestation domestically and internationally across nations.
#775
2021-03-29
进化生物
Evolutionary assembly of flowering plants into sky islands
By analysing the evolutionary relationships of angiosperm species in 63 alpine floras worldwide, the authors find that each of the alpine floras represents an assemblage of more closely related species compared with their respective regional floras.
#776
2021-03-29
进化生物
Maximum levels of global phylogenetic diversity efficiently capture plant services for humankind
Maximum levels of global plant phylogenetic diversity capture more human benefits and at higher diversity levels than does random selection of taxa.
#777
2021-03-25
生态系统
Sex differences in the pelvis did not evolve de novo in modern humans
Comparing pelvic sex differences across modern humans and chimpanzees reveals a similar pattern despite differences in magnitude of pelvis shape dimorphism, suggesting that this pattern did not evolve de novo in modern humans but was present in the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees.
#778
2021-03-22
进化生物
Widespread Denisovan ancestry in Island Southeast Asia but no evidence of substantial super-archaic hominin admixture
A comprehensive search for super-archaic introgression in >400 modern human genomes, including >200 from Island Southeast Asia, corroborates widespread Denisovan ancestry in ISEA populations but fails to detect any substantial super-archaic admixture signals compatible with the endemic fossil record.
#779
2021-03-22
生物多样性
Shortfalls and opportunities in terrestrial vertebrate species discovery
The number of species unknown to science is profound and limits effective conservation of diversity. Here the authors estimate which clades and locations are most ripe for taxonomic discovery.
#780
2021-03-15
生态系统
Meta-analysis reveals that animal sexual signalling behaviour is honest and resource based
When signalling to attract mates, animals in poor condition could signal less to conserve resources (ability-based signalling) or more to maximize short-term reproductive success (needs-based signalling). Meta-analysis of 147 animal species shows that signalling is predominantly an honest indication of ability, although there is a trend for needs-based signalling when comparing old with young unmated individuals.
#781
2021-03-11
进化生物
Eco-evolutionary interaction between microbiome presence and rapid biofilm evolution determines plant host fitness
The authors demonstrate eco-evolutionary dynamics between the microbiome and a constituent member, which jointly affect fitness in the host plant.
#782
2021-03-08
气候变化
Habitat loss and range shifts contribute to ecological generalization among reef fishes
Using a species generalization index calculated from a global dataset of reef fishes and their habitats, the authors show that generalist species respond more successfully to habitat disruption and are better able to move polewards in response to climate change.
#783
2021-03-04
进化生物
Metabolic fitness landscapes predict the evolution of antibiotic resistance
This study develops metabolic fitness models that integrate drug action with evolutionary response to predict growth rates of resistance mutations and prevalent mechanisms of antibiotic resistance inEscherichia coli.
#784
2021-03-01
海洋
Inter-reefHalimedaalgal habitats within the Great Barrier Reef support a distinct biotic community and high biodiversity
The authors document unexpectedly high levels of biodiversity in algal habitats between the coral reefs in the Great Barrier Reef.
#785
2021-03-01
生态系统
Neanderthals andHomo sapienshad similar auditory and speech capacities
CT scanning and an auditory bioengineering model are used to establish the sound power transmission and occupied bandwidth of the Neanderthal ear, suggesting similar auditory and speech capacities as those inHomo sapiens.
#786
2021-03-01
微生物
ACE2 receptor usage reveals variation in susceptibility to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection among bat species
Horseshoe bats are thought to be natural hosts of SARS-CoV-2 but it is unclear whether other bat species are potential hosts. Virus–host receptor binding and infection assays, including receptors of 46 bat species, show dramatic variation in susceptibility to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection among bat species.
#787
2021-03-01
海洋
The population sizes and global extinction risk of reef-building coral species at biogeographic scales
Approximately half a trillion reef-building corals live across the Pacific Ocean, based on estimates of the population sizes of more than 300 species.
#788
2021-02-25
气候变化
Consistent trait–environment relationships within and across tundra plant communities
Using plant community trait composition data and microclimate and soil chemistry data from four distinct tundra regions, the authors demonstrate strong, consistent trait–environment relationships across Arctic and Antarctic regions.
#789
2021-02-25
进化生物
The evolution of oxygen-utilizing enzymes suggests early biosphere oxygenation
Phylogenetic dating of O2-utilizing enzymes indicates a burst of emergence several hundred million years before the Great Oxidation Event.
#790
2021-02-25
生态系统
Decadal changes in fire frequencies shift tree communities and functional traits
Using tree community data from 29 tropical and temperate sites that have experienced multi-decadal alterations in fire frequency, the authors show repeated burning generally reduces stem density and basal area, with most pronounced effects in savanna ecosystems and in sites with strong wet seasons or strong dry seasons.
#791
2021-02-22
气候变化
Temperature thresholds of ecosystem respiration at a global scale
The authors test for temperature dependency of ecosystem respiration rates across globally distributed eddy covariance sites, revealing consistent temperature thresholds where ecosystem metabolism changes.
#792
2021-02-15
生物多样性
Impacts of wildlife trade on terrestrial biodiversity
A meta-analysis of 31 mammal, bird and reptile studies reveals that hunting or trapping for the wildlife trade is associated with decreased abundances, even where harvesting for trade occurs in protected areas.
#793
2021-02-15
进化生物
Diminishing returns drive altruists to help extended family
Altruism towards distantly related recipients appears to reduce inclusive fitness and is difficult to understand. Here, the authors quantify cooperative payoffs in a Neotropical wasp with high levels of movement between colonies and use inclusive fitness theory to show that diminishing returns to cooperation explain this behaviour.
#794
2021-02-15
进化生物
Ecology directs host–parasite coevolutionary trajectories acrossDaphnia–microparasite populations
Ecological factors affect host–parasite coevolution. This study shows how biotic and abiotic forces influence the evolutionary trajectories ofDaphniaand its obligate bacterial parasite in 16 replicate ponds.
#795
2021-02-11
生物多样性
A forest loss report card for the world’s protected areas
A global analysis of deforestation rates in more than 18,000 terrestrial protected areas shows that, once protected area effectiveness is taken into account, only 6.5%—rather than 15.7%—of the world’s forests are protected, well below the Aichi Target of 17%.
#796
2021-02-08
进化生物
Metabolomic signatures of coral bleaching history
Coral bleaching could leave a lasting impact on the physiological functioning of corals. The authors show divergent metabolomic profiles in coral hosts and algal symbionts associated with bleaching history.
#797
2021-02-01
海洋
Human disturbance causes widespread disruption of animal movement
A meta-analysis pinpoints the severity with which human disturbances, ranging from hunting to habitat modification, affect the movements and home ranges of terrestrial and aquatic animals around the globe.
#798
2021-01-28
古生物
Fossil data support a pre-Cretaceous origin of flowering plants
Using a novel Bayesian method, the authors infer a pre-Cretaceous origin for multiple angiosperm families on the basis of their fossil record and present-day diversity.
#799
2021-01-25
进化生物
The evolution of niche overlap and competitive differences
A two-species eco-evolutionary model based on consumer–resource interactions and quantitative genetic inheritance shows how evolution among competitors changes the components of stable coexistence.
#800
2021-01-25
气候变化
Pandanus nutshell generates a palaeoprecipitation record for human occupation at Madjedbebe, northern Australia
Stable carbon isotope analysis of modern and archaeological pandanus nutshell from Australia’s oldest known archaeological site of Madjedbebe reveals precipitation fluctuations over the last 65,000 years.
#801
2021-01-25
进化生物
A genome-wide investigation of the effect of farming and human-mediated introduction on the ubiquitous seaweedUndaria pinnatifida
Human-driven evolutionary changes are captured by comparison of the genomes of natural, cultivated and introduced populations of a globally distributed Pacific kelp.
#802
2021-01-25
生态系统
Environmental resistance predicts the spread of alien species
The authors show how a resistance index based on biotic assemblage resemblance can predict the spread of invasive bird species without having to estimate their ecological niche.
#803
2021-01-18
进化生物
Spontaneous cell fusions as a mechanism of parasexual recombination in tumour cell populations
Although tumours evolve in a Darwinian fashion, they do not undergo sexual reproduction. The authors show experimentally and using mathematical modelling that spontaneous fusion between cancer cells allows recombination between clones and the possibility of exploring larger areas of the adaptive landscape.
#804
2021-01-18
生物多样性
The effectiveness of national biodiversity investments to protect the wealth of nature
Using the Biodiversity Finance Initiative methodology, the authors assess the extent and effectiveness of biodiversity investment across different economies. Larger economies invest more in absolute terms and proportional to GDP but invest less once GDP is controlled for, and all biodiversity variables correlated positively with investment.
#805
2021-01-18
气候变化
Extinction risk controlled by interaction of long-term and short-term climate change
Using extinction data from the geological past, the authors compare the effects of synergistic palaeoclimate interactions, where short- and long-term trends are aligned, with antagonistic ones, where they are not, finding that the former can increase extinction risk by up to 40%.
#806
2021-01-18
进化生物
The emergence of the brain non-CpG methylation system in vertebrates
By studying brain DNA methylation across 13 distantly related animals, the authors show that non-CpG DNA methylation, which plays a regulatory role in cognition, is restricted to vertebrates and was assembled at the origin of the vertebrate lineage as a result of the ancestral vertebrate whole-genome duplication.
#807
2021-01-11
海洋
Seasonal variation in UVA light drives hormonal and behavioural changes in a marine annelid via a ciliary opsin
The intensity of UVA light, in addition to the photoperiod, is shown to determine seasonal change in the marine mass spawning annelidPlatynereis dumerilii.
#808
2021-01-11
进化生物
Experimental evolution of adaptive divergence under varying degrees of gene flow
This study uses evolve-and-resequence experiments with fission yeast populations subjected to disruptive ecological selection under different levels of migration to ask how gene flow, ancestral variation and genetic correlations affect the evolution of adaptive divergence.
#809
2021-01-11
气候变化
Impacts of hypoxic events surpass those of future ocean warming and acidification
A meta-analysis of experimental effects of stressors on marine organisms shows that hypoxia could harm crustaceans, mollusks and fish to a larger extent than warming and acidification.
#810
2021-01-11
进化生物
Host diversity slows bacteriophage adaptation by selecting generalists over specialists
Propagating bacteriophage in cocultures of multiple host strains, the authors show that increasing host strain diversity decreases the rate of adaptation and selects for lower fitness generalists over higher fitness specialists.
#811
2021-01-04
进化生物
Evolutionary demographic models reveal the strength of purifying selection on susceptibility alleles to late-onset diseases
An age-structured population model shows that purifying selection is the norm in humans for alleles that increase susceptibility to many late-onset diseases, and that sociocultural factors need to be taken into account to understand apparent neutrality.
#812
2021-01-04
进化生物
Polarization of microbial communities between competitive and cooperative metabolism
Analysing data from thousands of microbial communities, the authors show that these communities cluster at different ends of the spectrum between resource competition and metabolic cooperation. Cooperative communities tend to have smaller genomes and multiple auxotrophies, whereas competitive communities have larger genomes, overlapping niches and a high potential for antimicrobial activity.
#813
2021-01-04
生物多样性
A global horizon scan of the future impacts of robotics and autonomous systems on urban ecosystems
The future challenges and potential opportunities of robotics and autonomous systems in urban ecosystems, and how they may impact biodiversity, are explored and prioritized via a global horizon scan of 170 experts.
#814
2021-01-04
生态系统
Empirical support for the biogeochemical niche hypothesis in forest trees
Based on a global-scale analysis of the leaf elemental composition of tree species, the authors show that shared ancestry is the major factor shaping plant elementomes, thus providing large-scale empirical support for the biogeochemical niche hypothesis.
#815
2020-12-01
生态系统
Knockout of crustacean leg patterning genes suggests that insect wings and body walls evolved from ancient leg segments
Comparing phenotypes for the knockout of five leg patterning genes in a crustacean with those of insects, the authors show that insect wings evolved from existing structures present in the common ancestor of crustaceans and insects.
#816
2020-11-30
进化生物
Intercontinental genomic parallelism in multiple three-spined stickleback adaptive radiations
Using data from four adaptive radiations of the three-spined stickleback, the authors examine levels of genomic parallelism and the phenotypic and environmental factors that predict parallelism.
#817
2020-11-23
生态系统
Geological alteration of Precambrian steroids mimics early animal signatures
Via congruent observations in geological samples and pyrolysis experiments, the authors demonstrate that 26-alkylsteranes posited as sponge biomarkers can form during diagenesis of common algal sterols.
#818
2020-11-23
生态系统
Algal origin of sponge sterane biomarkers negates the oldest evidence for animals in the rock record
By subjecting chlorophyte lipid extracts to pyrolysis, the authors demonstrate that the lipid biomarkers 24-isopropylcholestane and 24-n-propylcholestane can be generated from algal C29sterol in experiments simulating diagenetic processes, thereby undermining their status as sponge biomarkers.
#819
2020-11-23
进化生物
Gene expression dynamics during rapid organismal diversification in African cichlid fishes
In this study, the authors generate transcriptomic data for 6 organs in 74 cichlid fish species from African Lake Tanganyika to understand the dynamics of gene expression associated with rapid phenotypic evolution.
#820
2020-11-16
海洋
Reply to: Ecological variables for deep-ocean monitoring must include microbiota and meiofauna for effective conservation
摘要暂缺
#821
2020-11-16
海洋
Ecological variables for deep-ocean monitoring must include microbiota and meiofauna for effective conservation
摘要暂缺
#822
2020-11-16
进化生物
Conservative route to genome compaction in a miniature annelid
This study reports the genome of the miniature segmented annelidDimorphilus gyrociliatusand reveals no drastic changes in genome architecture and regulation, unlike other cases of genome miniaturization.
#823
2020-11-16
生态系统
The interspecific growth–mortality trade-off is not a general framework for tropical forest community structure
Using demographic data for 1,111 tree species across ten tropical forests, the authors test the generality of the growth–mortality trade-off, finding that it holds in undisturbed but not disturbed forests.
#824
2020-11-09
海洋
Vibrational modes of water predict spectral niches for photosynthesis in lakes and oceans
Starting from the vibrational modes of water molecules, the authors derive five major spectral niches in aquatic ecosystems using a radiative transfer model. They then predict the global distributions of these spectral niches using remote sensing and validate the predictions with metagenomic data on the distribution patterns of cyanobacterial pigments.
#825
2020-11-09
进化生物
Drimolen cranium DNH 155 documents microevolution in an early hominin species
An approximately 2-million-year-old maleParanthropus robustuscranium from Drimolen Main Quarry in South Africa refutes influential ideas of sexual dimorphism in this taxon and instead suggests local microevolution within robust australopiths.
#826
2020-11-09
生态系统
Ectopic activation of GABABreceptors inhibits neurogenesis and metamorphosis in the cnidarianNematostella vectensis
The role of the metabotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABABR) in neural differentiation is well known in vertebrates. Here, the authors show that GABABRs plays a role in neurogenesis and development in the sea anemoneNematostella vectensis.
#827
2020-11-09
微生物
Life history and population regulation shape demographic competence and influence the maintenance of endemic disease
The authors introduce the term demographic competence to describe the ability of a host population to maintain endemic infections, and use models to explore the interaction between population regulation and host–pathogen life history traits.
#828
2020-11-09
进化生物
Same-sex sexual behaviour and selection for indiscriminate mating
A model of sexual reproduction creates a theoretical framework for the evolution of indiscriminate sexual behaviour, showing that it is the optimal strategy under a wide range of conditions, and supporting the hypothesis that same-sex sexual behaviour can be maintained by selection for indiscriminate sexual behaviour.
#829
2020-11-02
生态系统
A meta-analysis of biological impacts of artificial light at night
A meta-analysis of 126 published studies shows that exposure to artificial light at night induces strong responses for physiological measures, daily activity patterns and life history traits.
#830
2020-11-02
古生物
Early mammalian social behaviour revealed by multituberculates from a dinosaur nesting site
A monospecific aggregation of multituberculate mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Montana suggests an early origin for multigenerational group living and burrowing behaviour among mammals.
#831
2020-11-02
生物多样性
Phosphorus fertilization is eradicating the niche of northern Eurasia’s threatened plant species
An analysis of plant diversity and stoichiometric niches in herbaceous ecosystems across northern Eurasia reveals that phosphorus fertilization and increases in relative phosphorus availability associated with current measures to reduce nitrogen deposition may seriously threaten plant species of high conservation concern.
#832
2020-11-02
生物多样性
Remote spectral detection of biodiversity effects on forest biomass
Based on a tree-diversity experiment, the authors introduce and test an approach to quantify net biodiversity effects on stem biomass in young forests using airborne spectroscopic imaging.
#833
2020-10-26
气候变化
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evidence of unprecedented rise in growth synchrony from global tree ring records
Tree ring records reveal a global rise in the spatial synchrony of annual tree growth over the past 50 years coinciding with warming trends.
#834
2020-10-26
进化生物
Timing the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity with ancient duplications
Combining phylogenomics with analysis of gene duplication to reconstruct the steps during eukaryogenesis the authors show that the Asgard archaea-related host already had some eukaryote-like cellular complexity, which increased further upon mitochondrial acquisition.
#835
2020-10-26
生态系统
Nutritional niches reveal fundamental domestication trade-offs in fungus-farming ants
Human farmers have traded greater productivity for higher crop vulnerability outside specialized cultivation conditions. This study shows a similar trade-off in fungus-farming ants.
#836
2020-10-26
进化生物
Heterogeneous relationships between rates of speciation and body size evolution across vertebrate clades
Phylogenetic comparative methods applied to datasets of body size in five major vertebrate clades show that rates of speciation and morphological evolution are positively related at broad macroevolutionary scales but with heterogeneity in the strength and direction of these associations at finer scales.
#837
2020-10-19
进化生物
Genome-wide analysis of the Firmicutes illuminates the diderm/monoderm transition
Phylogenomic analysis supports a diderm ancestor of the Firmicutes and points to an early origin of two-membraned cells in Bacteria and the derived nature of the Gram-positive envelope following multiple outer membrane losses.
#838
2020-10-19
进化生物
The network structure and eco-evolutionary dynamics of CRISPR-induced immune diversification
A combination of computational modelling and empirical data is used to explore the network structure of infection and immunity in CRISPR–Cas host–virus interactions.
#839
2020-10-12
古生物
Individual species provide multifaceted contributions to the stability of ecosystems
By simulating experimentally the extinction of three key grazer species from an intertidal community, the authors show that the contribution of individual species to different dimensions of ecological stability is highly context dependent, and may simultaneously be positive or negative.
#840
2020-10-05
微生物
Soil-microorganism-mediated invasional meltdown in plants
On the basis of a soil-conditioning experiment, the authors show that while alien plant species are not more competitive than natives when growing in other native soil legacies or non-conditioned soils, they outcompete natives under soil legacies from other alien species, their growth being less negatively affected than those of native species. This points to an invasional meltdown as invasive species increase in presence and abundance.
#841
2020-10-05
生态系统
Plant traits alone are poor predictors of ecosystem properties and long-term ecosystem functioning
Analysing >40 plant traits and ecosystem properties over 10 years, the authors find moderate evidence for traits being predictors of ecosystem-level properties within years, but limited evidence for any effect across years.
#842
2020-09-28
生态系统
No protofeathers on pterosaurs
摘要暂缺
#843
2020-09-28
生态系统
Reply to: No protofeathers on pterosaurs
摘要暂缺
#844
2020-09-21
生态系统
The methylation landscape and its role in domestication and gene regulation in the chicken
Quantitative trait loci mapping of a cross between red junglefowl and domestic chickens provides evidence for the role of methylation in regulating gene expression in the domestication process.
#845
2020-09-14
进化生物
Ecology shapes epistasis in a genotype–phenotype–fitness map for stick insect colour
The causes of epistasis in nature are poorly understood. Measuring the genetic basis of cryptic colouration and survival in a field experiment with stick insects, the authors show that epistasis results from ecological variation in natural selection.
#846
2020-09-14
气候变化
Tropical and Mediterranean biodiversity is disproportionately sensitive to land-use and climate change
Analysing responses of biodiversity to changes in land use and climate across global ecoregions, the authors identify strong negative responses in both tropical and Mediterranean biomes, driven primarily by low climatic seasonality and the history of human disturbance.
#847
2020-09-07
海洋
Biogeography of marine giant viruses reveals their interplay with eukaryotes and ecological functions
Analysing a global metagenomic data set from theTaraOceans expeditions, the authors find that the distribution of marine giant virus communities is tightly coupled to that of eukaryotic microorganisms, that these communities are particularly distinct in polar biomes, and that they may sometimes be highly similar both on the surface and at depth.
#848
2020-09-07
进化生物
Endochondral bone in an Early Devonian ‘placoderm’ from Mongolia
Minjinia turgenensis, an Early Devonian fish, preserves anatomical details consistent with it being a stem gnathostome, but also endochondral bone similar to that of osteichthyans. These findings suggest that endochondral bone is an ancestral condition subsequently lost in chondrichthyans.
#849
2020-09-07
进化生物
Idiosyncratic epistasis creates universals in mutational effects and evolutionary trajectories
Theory, simulations and empirical data are used to show that the phenotypic effect of a mutation varies substantially depending on the specific genetic background, thereby resolving an apparent contradiction between predictions of convex and concave fitness landscapes.
#850
2020-08-31
微生物
Facilitative priority effects drive parasite assembly under coinfection
By combining an analysis of common garden and field experiments, together with a survey of wild hosts, the authors show that prior infection by a plant fungal parasite increases susceptibility to infection by other strains and that this priming effect influences the assembly of the parasite community.
#851
2020-08-31
生态系统
Ecological pest control fortifies agricultural growth in Asia–Pacific economies
Using a food systems approach, the authors show that scientifically guided insect biological control mitigated 43 pest targets between 1918 and 2018 in the Asia–Pacific region, allowing for yield-loss recoveries of up to 73–100% in non-rice critical crops, with strong impacts on rural economies.
#852
2020-08-31
进化生物
Epimutations driven by small RNAs arise frequently but most have limited duration inCaenorhabditis elegans
Experimental evolution shows that epimutations driven by small silencing RNAs in the nematodeCaenorhabditiselegansarise rapidly but most have limited stability, suggesting that these epimutations might contribute to evolutionary processes over a short timescale.
#853
2020-08-31
气候变化
Palaeoclimate ocean conditions shaped the evolution of corals and their skeletons through deep time
Examining skeletal traits within a time-calibrated phylogeny, the authors find that ocean geochemistry (particularly aragonite–calcite seas) has driven patterns of morphological evolution in anthozoans (corals, sea anemones) over time.
#854
2020-08-24
生态系统
Global forest restoration and the importance of prioritizing local communities
An analysis of the overlap between tropical forest restoration, human populations, development and national policies for community forest ownership shows that 294.5 million people live within forest restoration opportunity land in the Global South.
#855
2020-08-24
进化生物
Inferred genetic architecture underlying evolution in a fossil stickleback lineage
The authors infer that pelvic skeleton reduction in a fossil sequence of the Miocene stickleback fish,Gasterosteus doryssus, proceeds through the same gene of large effect and a similar suite of genes of small effect as in a closely related extant species,Gasterosteusaculeatus.
#856
2020-08-24
海洋
A geometric basis for surface habitat complexity and biodiversity
A scale-independent theory of habitat complexity based on three key surface descriptors explains substantial variation in coral reef biodiversity.
#857
2020-08-24
进化生物
Selection against archaic hominin genetic variation in regulatory regions
This study reports the depletion of young Neandertal and Denisovan introgressed SNPs from gene regulatory enhancers in modern human genomes, as well as an association of enhancer pleiotropy with both the magnitude of archaic SNP depletion and the degree of intolerance to new mutations.
#858
2020-08-24
生物多样性
The results of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments are realistic
By comparing data from real-world grassland communities with data from two of the longest-running grassland biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments, the authors show that conclusions derived from experimental systems are robust to the removal of unrealistic experimental communities.
#859
2020-08-17
生态系统
Thresholds for ecological responses to global change do not emerge from empirical data
The utility of the threshold paradigm, such that relatively small perturbations drive abrupt ecosystem changes, is challenged by a synthesis of 36 meta-analyses, which detected few signatures of thresholds from over 4,600 global change impacts on natural ecological communities.
#860
2020-08-10
生物多样性
A policy-driven framework for conserving the best of Earth’s remaining moist tropical forests
Analysing global high-resolution three-dimensional maps of forest structure, the authors show that only half of the world’s remaining moist tropical forest has both high structural integrity and low human pressure, and they outline a framework for its conservation and restoration.
#861
2020-08-10
微生物
Repeatable ecological dynamics govern the response of experimental communities to antibiotic pulse perturbation
By exposing an experimental 34-species bacterial community to different levels of pulse antibiotic disturbance with or without immigration, the authors identify a highly repeatable community response, the magnitude of which increases with increasing antibiotic levels.
#862
2020-08-10
进化生物
Synthetic cross-phyla gene replacement and evolutionary assimilation of major enzymes
An automation-enabled evolution experiment in which genes from across the tree of life are introduced intoEscherichia colishows that mutations that upregulate the introduced gene can mitigate fitness defects without the need for coding changes.
#863
2020-08-10
生态系统
Multidisciplinary evidence for early banana (Musacvs.) cultivation on Mabuyag Island, Torres Strait
Multiproxy archaeobotanical analyses of an abandoned agricultural terrace at Wagadagam document extensive, low-intensity forms of plant management from at least 2,145–1,930 cal yrbpand intensive forms of cultivation at 1,376–1,293 cal yrbp.
#864
2020-08-10
生态系统
No net insect abundance and diversity declines across US Long Term Ecological Research sites
Analysing >5,000 population abundance time series for insects and other arthropods from 68 sites within the US Long Term Ecological Research network, the authors find high variation but no overall trend in abundance and diversity among sites and taxa.
#865
2020-08-03
生物多样性
Retreat of large carnivores across the giant panda distribution range
Comparing historical records with contemporary camera trap surveys, the authors report widespread declines in the occurrence of four large carnivore species from protected areas within the distributional range of the giant panda.
#866
2020-08-03
气候变化
Male swarming aggregation pheromones increase female attraction and mating success among multiple African malaria vector mosquito species
Males of the malaria vector speciesAnopheles arabiensisandAnopheles gambiaeproduce and release aggregation pheromones that attract individuals to the swarm, enhancing mating success. The authors argue that manipulating such pheromones could increase the efficacy of malaria-vector control programmes.
#867
2020-08-03
生态系统
Global evidence for the acclimation of ecosystem photosynthesis to light
Combining global eddy covariance observations and photosynthesis estimates from terrestrial biosphere models, the authors demonstrate widespread acclimation of photosynthesis to light in natural environments, with croplands showing stronger acclimation rates than forests or grasslands.
#868
2020-08-03
进化生物
Skeletal marine animal biodiversity is built by families with long macroevolutionary lag times
Diversification trajectories of skeletal non-colonial marine families show increased capacity of marine ecosystems to accommodate highly diverse communities over the Phanerozoic.
#869
2020-08-03
进化生物
Two sets of candidate crustacean wing homologues and their implication for the origin of insect wings
The evolutionary origin of insect wings is unclear. Gene expression and functional analyses show a gene network operating in the terga and proximal leg segments of the crustacean evo-devo modelParhyale hawaiensis, similar to the insect wing gene network.
#870
2020-07-27
进化生物
Neanderthal introgression reintroduced functional ancestral alleles lost in Eurasian populations
Analysing archaic and modern human genomes, the authors show that Neanderthal introgression reintroduced thousands of lost ancestral variants with gene regulatory activity and that these reintroduced alleles are more tolerated by modern humans than introgressed Neanderthal-derived alleles.
#871
2020-07-20
生态系统
Impact of 2019–2020 mega-fires on Australian fauna habitat
An assessment of the habitat of native vertebrate species burnt by the 2019–2020 Australian mega-fires shows that 70 taxa were severely affected.
#872
2020-07-20
生态系统
Dominant bee species and floral abundance drive parasite temporal dynamics in plant-pollinator communities
Screening >100 bee and >80 flower species for five common microparasites over 26 weeks, the authors show that parasite prevalence increases in bees toward the end of the growing season, but decreases on plants, and is related to bee diversity, abundance and community composition.
#873
2020-07-20
进化生物
Adaptation to low parasite abundance affects immune investment and immunopathological responses of cavefish
Comparing Mexican cavefish from rivers with those from caves, the authors show increased sensitivity of the innate and adaptive immune system that is accompanied by a reduced investment in the innate immune system as an evolutionary response to lower parasite diversity.
#874
2020-07-13
生态系统
Echolocation at high intensity imposes metabolic costs on flying bats
The costs of echolocation during flight were thought to be negligible for bats, but here it is shown that this is true only below a certain intensity threshold. Above 130 dB, the costs of sound production become too expensive for small bats.
#875
2020-07-13
进化生物
Phylogenetic analyses with systematic taxon sampling show that mitochondria branch within Alphaproteobacteria
Phylogenetic analysis shows that site-exclusion methods produce erratic phylogenetic estimates of mitochondrial origin and support an origin of mitochondria within Alphaproteobacteria.
#876
2020-07-13
进化生物
Step-wise evolution of neural patterning by Hedgehog signalling in chordates
Manipulation ofHhand other genes involved in neural development of the chordate amphioxus reveals conservation and differences in neural patterning mechanisms between vertebrates and amphioxus.
#877
2020-07-13
生态系统
Heterogeneity–diversity relationships differ between and within trophic levels in temperate forests
An analysis across multiple species groups and different facets of stand-level heterogeneity in temperate forests from Central Europe reveals that heterogeneity–diversity relationships are not generalizable and predictable as modelling approaches suggest, varying even between ecologically similar species groups.
#878
2020-07-06
进化生物
Dysbiosis individualizes the fitness effect of antibiotic resistance in the mammalian gut
The cost of the same antibiotic resistance mutation in the mouse gut is shown to vary between hosts as the result of differences in microbiota.
#879
2020-07-06
气候变化
Global biogeography of marine dispersal potential
Analysing data on egg size and planktonic duration from >750 marine species with a larval period, the authors show that temperature, life-history and oceanographic processes interact to shape peaks of dispersal at low and high latitudes.
#880
2020-07-06
进化生物
Rib cage anatomy inHomo erectussuggests a recent evolutionary origin of modern human body shape
Three-dimensional reconstructions ofHomo erectus,Homo sapiensand a Neanderthal suggest a recent evolutionary origin for the comparatively shallow modern human thorax.
#881
2020-07-06
进化生物
Metagenome-wide association analysis identifies microbial determinants of post-antibiotic ecological recovery in the gut
Discovery cohorts from three continents, plus experiments in mouse models, are used to identify microbial species and mechanisms involved in post-antibiotic gut community recovery.
#882
2020-07-06
气候变化
Speleothem record attests to stable environmental conditions during Neanderthal–modern human turnover in southern Italy
Unstable and harsh climates have been implicated as partial causes of Neanderthal demise. Here a speleothem palaeoenvironmental record spanning the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition attests to stable and moderate conditions in the Mediterranean during this time suggesting a more complicated picture than previously thought.
#883
2020-07-06
进化生物
The delayed and geographically heterogeneous diversification of flowering plant families
A new study of the divergence time of angiosperm families shows that although most angiosperm families originated during the middle Cretaceous (~100–90 million years ago), the diversification of families into extant diversity was delayed until the Palaeocene (~66–56 million years ago), this time lag being geographically heterogeneous, and longer in tropical than in temperate and arid biomes.
#884
2020-06-29
进化生物
Birth of a pathway for sulfur metabolism in early amniote evolution
Invasion of land required changes of vertebrate metabolism. Here, the authors report a pathway for sulfur metabolism present in chick embryos but not in mammals, which originated around 300 million years ago in a proto-reptile.
#885
2020-06-22
进化生物
The genome ofPrasinoderma colonialeunveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants
Genome analysis of the pico-eukaryotic marine green algaPrasinoderma colonialeCCMP 1413 unveils the existence of a novel phylum within green plants (Viridiplantae), the Prasinodermophyta, which diverged before the split of Chlorophyta and Streptophyta.
#886
2020-06-22
进化生物
On the causes of geographically heterogeneous parallel evolution in sticklebacks
Population genomic data from a global dataset of three-spined sticklebacks show that parallel signatures of marine to freshwater differentiation are less common than previously thought.
#887
2020-06-22
进化生物
Evolutionary origins of genomic adaptations in an invasive copepod
Genome sequencing of multiple independent invading freshwater and native saline populations of a copepod reveals a positive association between balancing selection in the native range and parallel directional selection in the invading populations.
#888
2020-06-22
气候变化
Species multidimensional effects explain idiosyncratic responses of communities to environmental change
Developing theory to explore the effects of environmental change on the structure of species interactions within communities, the authors show that enhancing asymmetry in the structure can explain idiosyncratic responses to change. They further confirm these findings on experimental data from microbial species grown together compared with in isolation, subject to different temperature regimes.
#889
2020-06-22
进化生物
Metamorphosis shapes cranial diversity and rate of evolution in salamanders
An analysis of geometric morphometric data from 148 species of salamanders shows how life cycle influences cranial shape diversity and rate of evolution.
#890
2020-06-15
气候变化
Temporal trade-off between gymnosperm resistance and resilience increases forest sensitivity to extreme drought
A study of global tree ring data records over the last century reveals a temporal trade-off between resistance and resilience to drought for gymnosperms.
#891
2020-06-15
生态系统
Impacts of multiple stressors on freshwater biota across spatial scales and ecosystems
A cross-scale analysis of paired-stressor effects on biological variables of European freshwater ecosystems shows that in 39% of cases, significant effects were limited to single stressors, with nutrient enrichment being the most important of these in lakes. Additive and interactive effects were similarly frequent (ca. 30% each), this frequency being independent of the spatial scale of analysis for lakes but increasing with scale for rivers.
#892
2020-06-08
进化生物
Determinants of genetic variation across eco-evolutionary scales in pinnipeds
Using comparative population genomics across pinnipeds, this study explores how demographic change and life-history traits are correlated to the effective size of a population and conservation status.
#893
2020-06-01
气候变化
Predation risk constrains herbivores’ adaptive capacity to warming
Rising temperatures and predator avoidance constrain herbivore activity on the southern African savannas, forcing them into ever-tightening windows of activity, in a ‘timescape of fear’.
#894
2020-05-25
生态系统
Kin discrimination and demography modulate patterns of sexual conflict
A mathematical model of sexual conflict shows that kin discrimination and group dispersal inhibit harmful male behaviours at an individual level but kin discrimination intensifies sexual conflict at the population level.
#895
2020-05-25
气候变化
Species better track climate warming in the oceans than on land
Compiling a global geo-database of >30,000 range shifts, the authors show that marine species closely track shifting isotherms, whereas terrestrial species lag behind, probably due to wider thermal safety margins and movement constraints imposed by human activities.
#896
2020-05-25
进化生物
Convergent molecular evolution among ash species resistant to the emerald ash borer
By assembling the genomes of 22Fraxinusspecies and conducting comparisons including further species, the authors identify candidate loci for emerald ash borer resistance that have evolved convergently.
#897
2020-05-18
生态系统
Host use diversification during range shifts shapes global variation in Lepidopteran dietary breadth
Analysing a global dataset of almost 7,000 dietary records from >4,400 species of butterflies and moths, the author shows that latitudinal variation in diet breadth can be better explained by the relative position of a population within its geographic range, than by latitude per se.
#898
2020-05-18
古生物
The position ofAustralopithecus sedibawithin fossil hominin hand use diversity
Analysis of metacarpal trabecular and cortical bone reveals hand use diversity, including power and precision grips, among early hominins, and shows thatAustralopithecus sedibacombined great ape-like arboreal grasping power with human-like manipulation ability.
#899
2020-05-18
气候变化
Biodiversity increases ecosystem functions despite multiple stressors on coral reefs
Non-saturating relationships of biodiversity with biomass and productivity are shown in remote assemblages of coral reef fishes. These positive relationships were robust to both an extreme heatwave and invasive rats.
#900
2020-05-18
进化生物
Nutrition-responsive gene expression and the developmental evolution of insect polyphenism
Comparative analysis of genome-wide transcription in three closely related species of horned beetles with diverse degrees of nutrition responsiveness in the development of male weaponry reveals mechanisms of nutrition-responsive growth and their evolution.
#901
2020-05-11
进化生物
Somatic genetic drift and multilevel selection in a clonal seagrass
The accumulation of somatic genetic variation in clonal species leads to heterogeneity among autonomous modules (ramets). Ultra-deep resequencing of single ramets in a clonal seagrass shows somatic genetic drift resulting in genetically differentiated ramets that are targets of selection.
#902
2020-05-11
气候变化
A14C chronology for the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition at Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria
A new radiocarbon chronology for the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition at the Bulgarian site of Bacho Kiro revealsHomo sapiens-associated sediments as early as 46,940 yrbp.
#903
2020-05-11
进化生物
An age-dependent ovulatory strategy explains the evolution of dizygotic twinning in humans
Twin births are not frequent in human populations despite twin-bearing mothers having elevated fitness. Here, the authors show that dizygotic twinning is the outcome of an adaptive conditional ovulatory strategy of switching from single to double ovulation with increasing age.
#904
2020-05-11
进化生物
Stromal reactivity differentially drives tumour cell evolution and prostate cancer progression
A mathematical model that integrates biological and clinical data shows that the ecology of the stroma is an important determinant of tumour evolution in prostate cancer.
#905
2020-05-04
气候变化
Temperature-related biodiversity change across temperate marine and terrestrial systems
Biodiversity time series from temperate regions reveal that marine communities in warmer places gain species but lose individuals with warming, but colder environments show weaker trends, whereas no systematic relationships between biodiversity and temperature change were detectable for terrestrial communities.
#906
2020-05-04
进化生物
Female-biased gene flow between two species of Darwin’s finches
By analysing pooled whole-genome sequences from two species of Darwin’s finches, both before and after interbreeding and back-crossing, the authors show that gene exchange between the two species is asymmetric and female biased.
#907
2020-05-04
气候变化
The influence of feeding behaviour and temperature on the capacity of mosquitoes to transmit malaria
Laboratory and modelling studies show that temperature conditions can enhance the capacity of malaria to infect mosquitoes that feed in the evening compared with those that feed at midnight or in the morning.
#908
2020-04-27
生态系统
A competing-risks model explains hierarchical spatial coupling of measles epidemics en route to national elimination
Using historic measles epidemiological data from England and Wales in a competing-risks framework, the authors find that metapopulation aggregation in neighbouring towns and cities played an important role in driving national dynamics in the prevaccination era.
#909
2020-04-20
进化生物
A 300,000-year-old throwing stick from Schöningen, northern Germany, documents the evolution of human hunting
The German site of Schöningen preserves rare examples of Palaeolithic wooden artefacts. Here, a 300,000-year-old spruce wood implement is interpreted as a throwing stick on the basis of microscopic use-wear analysis.
#910
2020-04-20
进化生物
Ancestral primacy of same-sex sexual behaviour does not explain its stable prevalence in modern populations
摘要暂缺
#911
2020-04-20
生态系统
A. Kamath et al. reply
摘要暂缺
#912
2020-04-20
生态系统
Understanding same-sex sexual behaviour requires thorough testing rather than reinvention of theory
摘要暂缺
#913
2020-04-20
进化生物
Deeply conserved synteny resolves early events in vertebrate evolution
Genomic comparisons with a new amphioxus chromosome-scale genome assembly reveal details of the early evolution of vertebrate genomes.
#914
2020-04-20
生态系统
The Y chromosome may contribute to sex-specific ageing inDrosophila
Flies with different numbers of Y chromosomes are used to show a potential link between de-repression of repetitive DNA and ageing.
#915
2020-04-13
进化生物
Genetic basis for divergence in developmental gene expression in two closely related sea urchins
Analysis of transcripts in hybrids of two closely related sea urchins with divergent developmental gene expression suggests limited pleiotropic effects of mutations that contribute to divergence in gene expression.
#916
2020-04-13
生物多样性
Replacements of small- by large-ranged species scale up to diversity loss in Europe’s temperate forest biome
The loss of biodiversity at the global scale has been difficult to reconcile with observations of no net loss at local scales. Vegetation surveys across European temperate forests show that this may be explained by the replacement of small-ranged species with large-ranged ones, driven by nitrogen deposition.
#917
2020-04-06
生物多样性
Reduced ecological resilience jeopardizes zero loss of biodiversity using the mitigation hierarchy
Modelling nonlinear habitat dynamics shows that delayed compensation of human impacts (‘no net loss’) will lead to biodiversity declines by the middle of the century. Instead, the authors recommend fixed targets (such as ‘zero loss’) as part of the post-2020 biodiversity framework.
#918
2020-04-06
古生物
Behavioural plasticity is associated with reduced extinction risk in birds
Bird species with a higher propensity towards innovative behaviours are at a lower risk of global extinction and are more likely to have increasing or stable populations than less innovative birds
#919
2020-04-06
进化生物
Coevolution of host–plasmid pairs facilitates the emergence of novel multidrug resistance
Experimental evolution shows that host–plasmid coevolution in the presence of antibiotics promoted the emergence of multidrug resistance via two distinct conjugative plasmids in communities ofEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaeonce antibiotics were removed.
#920
2020-04-06
气候变化
Fish body sizes change with temperature but not all species shrink with warming
In 355 coastal coral reef fish species, body size changed with warming, but the direction of a species’ body size response to warming through time was generally consistent with its response to temperature changes through space, rather than generally negative.
#921
2020-03-30
生物多样性
Reply to: Glacial ecosystems are essential to understanding biodiversity responses to glacier retreat
摘要暂缺
#922
2020-03-30
生物多样性
Glacial ecosystems are essential to understanding biodiversity responses to glacier retreat
摘要暂缺
#923
2020-03-30
进化生物
The sterlet sturgeon genome sequence and the mechanisms of segmental rediploidization
A genome assembly of the sterlet,Acipenser ruthenus, reveals a whole-genome duplication early in the evolution of the entire sturgeon lineage and provides details about the rediploidization of the genome.
#924
2020-03-23
进化生物
Self-perpetuating ecological–evolutionary dynamics in an agricultural host–parasite system
Combining a large-scale manipulative field experiment with long-term genetic assays and modelling, the authors document evidence of ecological–evolutionary feedbacks between aphids and parasitoids through resistance conferred by heritable bacterial symbionts.
#925
2020-03-23
进化生物
Climatic-niche evolution follows similar rules in plants and animals
Phylogenetic and climatic data for 19 plant and 17 vertebrate clades suggest there are general ‘rules’ for climatic-niche evolution.
#926
2020-03-23
生物多样性
Global opportunities and challenges for transboundary conservation
Species with ranges that span international borders pose particular challenges for conservation management. Here, the authors develop an index of transboundary feasibility, and identify regions of the world with high conservation potential across national borders.
#927
2020-03-16
进化生物
Evolutionary transcriptomics of metazoan biphasic life cycle supports a single intercalation origin of metazoan larvae
Evolutionary analysis of transcriptomes across Metazoa supports a scenario of ancestral adult stages and a single intercalation event at the origin of larvae.
#928
2020-03-16
生态系统
Knowledge gaps about rabies transmission from vampire bats to humans
摘要暂缺
#929
2020-03-16
进化生物
Experimental evidence for effects of sexual selection on condition-dependent mutation rates
Experimental evolution in male seed beetles subjected to different levels of natural and sexual selection reveals that trade-offs between naturally and sexually selected fitness components can increase mutation rate.
#930
2020-03-16
进化生物
The evolutionary origin of visual and somatosensory representation in the vertebrate pallium
This study uses isolated eye–brain preparations to show topographic visual and somatosensory representation in the lamprey pallium, which is similar to the basic sensorimotor representation of the mammalian neocortex.
#931
2020-03-16
海洋
Males optimally balance selfish and kin-selected strategies of sexual competition in the guppy
It is unclear whether between-male relatedness modulates the intensity of intrasexual competition. A combination of modelling and empirical testing supports a kin-selected strategy of male–male competition in Trinidadian guppies.
#932
2020-03-09
古生物
Regional records improve data quality in determining plant extinction rates
摘要暂缺
#933
2020-03-09
古生物
Reply to: Regional records improve data quality in determining plant extinction rates
摘要暂缺
#934
2020-03-09
气候变化
Parallel selection on thermal physiology facilitates repeated adaptation of city lizards to urban heat islands
Analysing phenotypic and genomic differences between urban and rural lizards, the authors identify a single non-synonymous polymorphism associated with heat tolerance plasticity that may explain how urban lizards can endure higher temperatures compared to those in forests.
#935
2020-03-09
进化生物
Gene amplification as a form of population-level gene expression regulation
Experimental evolution in engineeredEscherichia colishows that amplification-mediated gene expression tuning, resulting from intrinsic instability of copy-number mutations, is a mechanism of gene expression regulation in fluctuating environments.
#936
2020-03-09
进化生物
Chance and necessity in the pleiotropic consequences of adaptation for budding yeast
Natural selection and chance both determine pleiotropic effects of mutations in different environments. To investigate the pleiotropic consequences of adaptation, the authors evolved 20 replicate populations of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaein 11 laboratory environments and measured their fitness in multiple conditions.
#937
2020-03-09
微生物
Coexistence of nestedness and modularity in host–pathogen infection networks
A theoretical framework is developed, demonstrating that local modularity can coexist with large-scale nestedness in host–pathogen networks, and is validated on empirical data from plant–virus interactions in the field.
#938
2020-03-02
生物多样性
Directed species loss reduces community productivity in a subtropical forest biodiversity experiment
A biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiment in a young subtropical forest shows that, at high species richness, directed but not random species loss leads to pronounced productivity decrease.
#939
2020-03-02
进化生物
Dissimilation of synonymous codon usage bias in virus–host coevolution due to translational selection
This study shows repulsion between virus and host codon usage bias when they are too similar, due to increased viral expression leading to levels of tRNA consumption that impede host translation.
#940
2020-03-02
生态系统
Community rescue in experimental phytoplankton communities facing severe herbicide pollution
A mesocosm experiment shows that prior exposure to a herbicide stressor facilitates subsequent community rescue, whereas high community biomass does not.
#941
2020-03-02
气候变化
A hydrogen-dependent geochemical analogue of primordial carbon and energy metabolism
Three iron minerals found in alkaline hydrothermal vents are shown to convert CO2and H2into formate, acetate and pyruvate in water, suggesting that such reactions could have paved the way for early metabolism.
#942
2020-03-02
气候变化
Higher temperatures generically favour slower-growing bacterial species in multispecies communities
Developing a model of competitive outcomes in bacterial communities, the authors show that higher temperatures favour slower-growing species. They then confirm these predictions empirically in a series of two- and three-species coculture experiments.
#943
2020-03-02
气候变化
Developmental cost theory predicts thermal environment and vulnerability to global warming
A physiological model that defines the window for which the cost of metazoan development is minimized is used to predict which species will be most at risk from global warming.
#944
2020-03-02
进化生物
Hybridization and introgression drive genome evolution of Dutch elm disease pathogens
Genome analysis of fungi responsible for Dutch elm disease shows that introgression has contributed to genomic diversity and has impacted fitness-related traits in these pathogens.
#945
2020-03-02
生态系统
Dairy pastoralism sustained eastern Eurasian steppe populations for 5,000 years
Ancient proteins in human dental calculus from sites across Mongolia spanning 5,000 years suggest dairy consumption on the eastern Eurasian steppe by circa 3000bc, and the later emergence of horse milking at circa 1200bc, concurrent with the first evidence for horse riding.
#946
2020-02-24
进化生物
Widespread patterns of gene loss in the evolution of the animal kingdom
An analysis of 102 genomes shows remarkable levels of gene loss in ecdysozoans and deuterostomes and large genome novelties in deuterostomes and protostomes.
#947
2020-02-24
生态系统
The spread of steppe and Iranian-related ancestry in the islands of the western Mediterranean
The history of human populations in the islands of the central and western Mediterranean is poorly understood. Here, the authors generate ancient-DNA data from the Balearic Islands, Sicily and Sardinia, and estimate the level and timing of steppe pastoralist, Iranian and North African ancestries in these populations.
#948
2020-02-24
古生物
A one-billion-year-old multicellular chlorophyte
Filamentous macrofossils from the one-billion-year-old Nanfen Formation of northern China are interpreted as a new species of early multicellular green algae.
#949
2020-02-24
生态系统
The balance of interaction types determines the assembly and stability of ecological communities
A model of community assembly that is sequential and has saturating benefits of mutualism produces communities with internal stability for any level of diversity, and for which external stability depends on the balance of interaction types.
#950
2020-02-24
进化生物
Emergence of human-adaptedSalmonella entericais linked to the Neolithization process
AncientSalmonella entericagenomes from Neolithic Eurasian humans compared with those from later archaeological contexts illuminate the evolving host specificity of the pathogen from an initial multi-mammalian adaptation towards an increasingly human specialization.
#951
2020-02-24
进化生物
Chromosomal barcoding ofE. colipopulations reveals lineage diversity dynamics at high resolution
A chromosomal-barcoding technique is used to study the evolutionary dynamics of approximately 450,000 distinctEscherichia colilineages at sub-inhibitory antibiotic levels.
#952
2020-02-24
生物多样性
Biodiversity increases multitrophic energy use efficiency, flow and storage in grasslands
Applying the concept of ecosystem energetics to a grassland biodiversity experiment, the authors show that the storage and flow of energy across the whole trophic network, both above- and belowground, becomes more efficient as plant diversity increases.
#953
2020-02-24
进化生物
Group formation and the evolutionary pathway to complex sociality in birds
Analysing data on group size and breeding systems of >4,700 species of birds, the authors show that complex sociality is more likely to arise in cooperative family groups than groups with unrelated individuals.
#954
2020-02-17
生态系统
Indiscriminate data aggregation in ecological meta-analysis underestimates impacts of invasive species
摘要暂缺
#955
2020-02-17
生态系统
Reply to: Indiscriminate data aggregation in ecological meta-analysis underestimates impacts of invasive species
摘要暂缺
#956
2020-02-17
生物多样性
Complex long-term biodiversity change among invertebrates, bryophytes and lichens
By analysing changes in occupancy among >5,000 species of invertebrates, bryophytes and lichens in the United Kingdom over the past 45 years, the authors find substantial turnover in community composition among all groups, although average declines are evident only among terrestrial non-insect invertebrates.
#957
2020-02-17
进化生物
Evolution of an inferior competitor increases resistance to biological invasion
By competing native and invasive grass species in the California Floristic Province, the authors show that native species resist invasion by evolving to compete for resources used by the invader, rather than the two species co-evolving to differentiate their resource use.
#958
2020-02-10
微生物
Short-range interactions govern the dynamics and functions of microbial communities
By quantifying metabolic interactions between individual cells in synthetic microbial communities, the authors show that interactions are extremely localized, and that the spatial scale of interactions influences community dynamics.
#959
2020-02-10
进化生物
Antagonistic pleiotropy conceals molecular adaptations in changing environments
Evolution experiments withSaccharomyces cerevisiaein changing and constant environments show that antagonistic pleiotropy can conceal molecular adaptations in changing environments.
#960
2020-02-10
进化生物
Broad definitions of enforcement are unhelpful for understanding evolutionary mechanisms of cooperation
摘要暂缺
#961
2020-02-10
进化生物
Reply to: Broad definitions of enforcement are unhelpful for understanding evolutionary mechanisms of cooperation
摘要暂缺
#962
2020-02-10
进化生物
Ecological scaffolding and the evolution of individuality
Mathematical models are used to explore how individual cells can transition towards multicellular groups that are subject to Darwinian processes.
#963
2020-02-10
进化生物
Ecological changes with minor effect initiate evolution to delayed regime shifts
Incorporating evolutionary dynamics into a population model, the authors show that, even though changing ecological conditions are not enough to induce an immediate regime shift in the system, selection-induced evolutionary responses acting on a phenotypic trait may eventually cause a regime shift by pushing it beyond a tipping point after a substantial delay.
#964
2020-02-10
微生物
Strength of species interactions determines biodiversity and stability in microbial communities
Analysing communities of soil bacteria under differing nutrient concentrations, the authors show that extensive growth with high levels of nutrients results in stronger interactions among species, leading to declines in biodiversity and stability.
#965
2020-02-10
进化生物
Sex alters molecular evolution in diploid experimental populations ofS. cerevisiae
The genetic mechanisms underlying the benefits of sex are unclear. Experimental evolution in sexual and asexual diploid populations ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeshows that overdominant mutations are beneficial in asexual populations but stay at lower frequencies in sexual populations due to segregation load.
#966
2020-02-03
进化生物
Regionalization of the axial skeleton predates functional adaptation in the forerunners of mammals
Applying vertebral form–function relationships derived from extant animals to the synapsid fossil record indicates evolution of vertebral regions is decoupled from their functional exploitation.
#967
2020-02-03
生态系统
Reply to: Lunar illuminated fraction is a poor proxy for moonlight exposure
摘要暂缺
#968
2020-02-03
生态系统
Lunar illuminated fraction is a poor proxy for moonlight exposure
摘要暂缺
#969
2020-02-03
生物多样性
Multiple elements of soil biodiversity drive ecosystem functions across biomes
Combining field data from 83 sites on five continents, together with microcosm experiments, the authors show that nutrient cycling, decomposition, plant production and other ecosystem functions are positively associated with a higher diversity of a wide range of soil organisms.
#970
2020-02-03
进化生物
The consequences of craniofacial integration for the adaptive radiations of Darwin’s finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers
Morphometrics and comparative phylogenetics show coevolution of the beak and the skull of Darwin’s finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers, suggesting that adaptive radiation in these groups occurred under tight cranial integration.
#971
2020-01-28
进化生物
Gene gain and loss across the metazoan tree of life
Phylogenomic analysis including representatives of all metazoan phyla shows gene duplication followed by differential gene loss throughout the animal tree of life.
#972
2020-01-27
进化生物
Insect herbivory reshapes a native leaf microbiome
Quantifying bacterial load in plant leaves, the authors show that insect herbivory can cause compositional shifts in bacterial community structure, primarily by enhancing the growth of putative phytopathogens. Across a native host population, insect–bacteria co-infection load is highly clustered and associated with lower plant fitness.
#973
2020-01-27
古生物
Phenotypic memory drives population growth and extinction risk in a noisy environment
Exposing experimental lines of microalgae to random fluctuations in salinity, the authors show that environmental autocorrelation strongly influences population growth and extinction risk, with accurate predictions only possible when the impact of past environments is taken into account.
#974
2020-01-27
气候变化
Recent divergence in the contributions of tropical and boreal forests to the terrestrial carbon sink
Combining Earth observation data and dynamic global vegetation models, the authors show that anthropogenic land use and land cover change has caused a reduction in the contribution to the terrestrial carbon sink for tropical forests but an increase for boreal forests between 1992 and 2015.
#975
2020-01-20
进化生物
Evolution of a supergene that regulates a trans-species social polymorphism
A supergene controlling social behaviour arose in the common ancestor of six ant species by the sequential incorporation of three inversions.
#976
2020-01-13
生态系统
Trophic rewilding revives biotic resistance to shrub invasion
The civil war in Mozambique led to the collapse of large-mammal populations and the spread of the invasive plantMimosa pigra. Experimental exclosures and DNA metabarcoding are used to show how trophic rewilding since the end of the war has reduced the invasive population.
#977
2020-01-13
进化生物
Macroevolutionary convergence connects morphological form to ecological function in birds
Predicting ecological niche space and ecosystem function from morphological traits is challenging. Here, the authors show that avian trophic diversity can be reduced to four dimensions, based on nine key morphological traits, which reflects convergence of trait combinations.
#978
2020-01-06
生态系统
Nodalparalogues underlie distinct mechanisms for visceral left–right asymmetry in reptiles and mammals
Left–right symmetry in vertebrates is established during development by different mechanisms, including motile cilia. Here, the authors show asymmetric expression of aNodalparalogue in the left–right organizer in two reptilian embryos, which do not have motile cilia.
#979
2019-12-23
生态系统
Phenological shifts alter the seasonal structure of pollinator assemblages in Europe
By analysing phenological shifts among > 2,000 insect pollinator species in Europe, the authors show that flight dates have become earlier and flight lengths shorter over the past 60 years, potentially altering continental-scale pollinator function.
#980
2019-12-23
气候变化
Varanopid from the Carboniferous of Nova Scotia reveals evidence of parental care in amniotes
A new species of fossil synapsid from the Pennsylvanian (323–298 million years ago) of Canada represents the earliest known evidence of parental care in the form of a larger individual preserved with a small conspecific in close association, interpreted as denning.
#981
2019-12-23
气候变化
Root microbiota assembly and adaptive differentiation among EuropeanArabidopsispopulations
Across large spatial scales, climate is more important than soil conditions for plant adaptation and variation in root-associated filamentous eukaryotic communities.
#982
2019-12-23
进化生物
The phylogeny of early amniotes and the affinities of Parareptilia and Varanopidae
A new amniote phylogeny excludes varanopids as stem-line mammals, nests Parareptilia within Diapsida and suggests that temporal fenestration evolved fewer times than previously thought.
#983
2019-12-23
气候变化
Ocean warming compresses the three-dimensional habitat of marine life
A projection of ocean surface isotherm deepening under emissions scenarios RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 reveals that the potential habitat of many marine organisms will rapidly become tightly compressed between depth levels imposed by isotherm deepening, the thickness of the photic layer and the seafloor.
#984
2019-12-23
进化生物
Evolutionarily conserved pachytene piRNA loci are highly divergent among modern humans
By mapping piRNA genes in juvenile and adult human testes, the authors show that although synteny is conserved with other mammals, sequences are diverging rapidly even among modern humans.
#985
2019-12-16
生态系统
Predicting coexistence in experimental ecological communities
A new statistical method is introduced that can predict the outcomes of unobserved experiments in complex communities using only a limited subset of all possible experiments.
#986
2019-12-16
进化生物
The social coevolution hypothesis for the origin of enzymatic cooperation
The origin of life would have required enzymatic cooperation that was not susceptible to cheating replicators. The authors show theoretically that this does not require a cell membrane and instead can arise when enzymatic cooperation and physical association coevolve.
#987
2019-12-16
生物多样性
Global no net loss of natural ecosystems
A framework is presented for achieving global no net loss of biodiversity that accounts for inequity among countries in both pressures and ability to act.
#988
2019-12-16
海洋
Positive associations among rare species and their persistence in ecological assemblages
Analysing spatial association networks among >300 terrestrial and aquatic assemblages, the authors find that the majority of negative associations involve abundant species. In contrast, rare species form mostly positive associations, potentially explaining their persistence in natural communities.
#989
2019-12-09
进化生物
Phylogenomics provides robust support for a two-domains tree of life
The evolutionary origin of eukaryotes is under debate. Here, the authors conduct phylogenetic analyses using >3,000 gene families in archaea and eukaryotes and find support for an origin of eukaryotes from within the archaea.
#990
2019-12-09
气候变化
2,100 years of human adaptation to climate change in the High Andes
Multi-proxy palaeoecological methods reconstruct phases of land clearance, maize cultivation and forest regrowth in the High Andes centuries before European incursion, and do not support the idea that forest regrowth and peak carbon sequestration were coincident with European arrival.
#991
2019-12-09
进化生物
Co-option of wing-patterning genes underlies the evolution of the treehopper helmet
The treehopper helmet represents a morphologic novelty. Comparison of body-region transcriptomes in a treehopper and a leafhopper supports co-option of the wing-patterning network for the origin of the helmet.
#992
2019-12-09
海洋
Nonlinear population dynamics are ubiquitous in animals
Analysing the population dynamics of 228 terrestrial and aquatic species, the authors show that nonlinearity is a ubiquitous feature of animal populations and is more prevalent among fast-reproducing species.
#993
2019-12-09
气候变化
A systemic overreaction to years versus decades of warming in a subarctic grassland ecosystem
Comparing grassland ecosystem responses of 128 biotic and abiotic variables to geothermal warming, the authors find that short-term (5–8 years) responses are poor predictors of change over the long term (>50 years).
#994
2019-11-27
生态系统
Moth biomass has fluctuated over 50 years in
Britain but lacks a clear trend
Analysing data from the world’s longest-running
insect population database, the authors find that recent declines in
UK moth biomass were preceded by a larger increase.
#995
2019-11-25
生态系统
Reply to: Sources of C30steroid biomarkers in Neoproterozoic–Cambrian rocks and oils
摘要暂缺
#996
2019-11-25
生态系统
Sources of C30steroid biomarkers in Neoproterozoic–Cambrian rocks and oils
摘要暂缺
#997
2019-11-25
生态系统
Sex-dependent dominance maintains migration supergene in rainbow trout
This study reveals sex-dependent dominance reversal across a large autosomal supergene in the rainbow trout, a mechanism for the resolution of sexual conflict in a species that lacks differentiated sex chromosomes.
#998
2019-11-25
进化生物
Evolution of placental invasion and cancer metastasis are causally linked
Mammals with invasive placentation are more vulnerable to malignancy. Here, the authors propose that the evolution of invasibility of stromal tissue affects both placental and cancer invasion and present in vitro evidence in human and bovine fibroblasts consistent with this hypothesis.
#999
2019-11-18
进化生物
The genomic footprint of sexual conflict
By sequencing the genome of the seed beetleCallosobruchus maculatus, the authors explore genomic signatures of selection and expression of sex-biased genes.
#1000
2019-11-18
海洋
Impacts of spatial and environmental differentiation on early Palaeozoic marine biodiversity
The authors suggest that increased dispersal of marine animals from the Middle Ordovician onwards enhancedαdiversity, providing a possible mechanism for the shift fromβtoαdiversity as the major component of global diversity.
#1001
2019-11-18
气候变化
A global synthesis of biodiversity responses to glacier retreat
Glaciers are retreating globally due to climate change. A meta-analysis identifies factors that determine biodiversity response to glacier loss and shows that local increases in biodiversity favour generalist species, whereas specialist species are likely to lose out.
#1002
2019-11-18
生态系统
Fluorescent biomarkers demonstrate prospects for spreadable vaccines to control disease transmission in wild bats
Field studies of the bat-to-bat transfer and ingestion of fluorescent biomarkers as a proxy for an oral vaccine are combined with mathematical models to predict the efficacy of oral vaccines for reducing bat rabies outbreaks.
#1003
2019-11-18
进化生物
Genomic basis of European ash tree resistance to ash dieback fungus
Whole genome sequencing and genome-wide association studies of ash trees affected by the invasive alien fungusHymenoscyphus fraxineusare used to train a genomic prediction model, which could predict tree health with >65% accuracy.
#1004
2019-11-11
古生物
Camera-trap evidence that the silver-backed chevrotainTragulus versicolorremains in the wild in Vietnam
Interviews with local people and camera-trap surveys have led to the first scientifically confirmed sightings of the silver-backed chevrotain for more than 25 years. The news that this species is not extinct is tempered by major threats of habitat loss and poaching in the region.
#1005
2019-11-11
生态系统
Environmental boundary conditions for the origin of life converge to an organo-sulfur metabolism
Understanding the crucial conditions for metabolism in early life is challenging. Using network-based analysis, the authors infer an organo-sulfur proto-metabolic network fuelled by a thioester- and redox-driven variant of the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle that was capable of producing lipids and keto acids.
#1006
2019-11-11
气候变化
The effect of urbanization on plant phenology depends on regional temperature
Analysing more than 22 million in situ phenological observations across two continents, the authors show that plants in areas with higher human population densities have more advanced flowering and leaf-out dates, but that this cannot be attributed solely to urban heat island effects.
#1007
2019-11-11
气候变化
The urban imprint on plant phenology
Urbanization gradients do not make good field laboratories for predicting climate warming effects on phenology, according to the analysis of a 30 year dataset on plant phenology and temperature in different urbanized settings.
#1008
2019-11-11
进化生物
Evolutionary diversity is associated with wood productivity in Amazonian forests
Inventory data from 90 lowland Amazonian forest plots and a phylogeny of 526 angiosperm genera were used to show that taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity are both predictive of wood productivity but not of biomass variation.
#1009
2019-11-04
气候变化
Soils need to be considered when assessing the impacts of land-use change on carbon sequestration
摘要暂缺
#1010
2019-11-04
气候变化
Reply to: Soils need to be considered when assessing the impacts of land-use change on carbon sequestration
摘要暂缺
#1011
2019-11-04
生态系统
Promotion of protocell self-assembly from mixed amphiphiles at the origin of life
This study provides empirical evidence for the formation of vesicles from mixtures of single-chain amphiphiles under alkaline hydrothermal conditions, suggesting that such conditions favoured protocell formation at the origin of life.
#1012
2019-10-28
进化生物
The leafcutter bee,Megachile rotundata, is more sensitive toN-cyanoamidine neonicotinoid and butenolide insecticides than other managed bees
Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the managed beeMegachile rotundatalacks the specific P450 enzymes that confer tolerance to some insecticides in other bee species, renderingM. rotundatasubstantially more sensitive to these insecticides in acute contact assays.
#1013
2019-10-28
生态系统
Hyperdiverse archaea near life limits at the polyextreme geothermal Dallol area
An interdisciplinary investigation of the Dallol polyextreme environment reveals two physicochemical barriers to life in the presence of surface liquid water: high chaotropicity–low water activity and hyperacidity–salt combinations.
#1014
2019-10-28
生物多样性
Deficits of biodiversity and productivity linger a century after agricultural abandonment
Analysing changes in grasslands and savannahs following agricultural abandonment, the authors show that even after more than 90 years, plant diversity and productivity recovered by only 73% and 53%, respectively.
#1015
2019-10-28
进化生物
The global distribution of avian eggshell colours suggest a thermoregulatory benefit of darker pigmentation
A phylogenetically diverse dataset of birds reveals that eggshell pigmentation may have been shaped by thermoregulatory needs, with birds in colder habitats having darker eggs.
#1016
2019-10-28
进化生物
Massive gene amplification on a recently formedDrosophilaY chromosome
Analysis of the neo-Y chromosome ofDrosophila mirandashows massive gene amplification in initial stages of Y-chromosome evolution and reveals signatures of sexual and meiotic conflict.
#1017
2019-10-28
生态系统
Information limitation and the dynamics of coupled ecological systems
A theoretical framework is developed to show that interactions among organisms are limited by the availability of sensory information, and that the dynamical properties of a wide variety of interacting populations depend on responses to this information.
#1018
2019-10-21
气候变化
Fermentation innovation through complex hybridization of wild and domesticated yeasts
Genomic analysis ofSaccharomyceshybrids shows complex hybridization in strains used in beer fermentation and genetic changes associated with adaptation to cold temperature and the crisp flavour of lager beer.
#1019
2019-10-21
进化生物
Interspecific hybridization facilitates niche adaptation in beer yeast
Genomes and phenotypes of interspecific yeast hybrids isolated from breweries reveal hybridization betweenSaccharomycesspecies followed by adaptation to specific beer styles.
#1020
2019-10-14
进化生物
Single nucleotide mapping of trait space reveals Pareto fronts that constrain adaptation
Evolutionary theory predicts that trade-offs between traits are pervasive, yet they are rarely observed in experimental evolution. Dense sampling and precise measuring of performance of adaptive mutations in evolving yeast shows that while many such mutations result in modest improvements in multiple traits, the totality of the data reveals the existence of trade-offs even during initial adaptation.
#1021
2019-10-14
进化生物
Insights into the assembly rules of a continent-wide multilayer network
Using a conceptual framework known as the integrative hypothesis of specialization, the authors suggest that phylogenetic constraints separate species into different layers and shape the modules of a Neotropical network composed of the frugivorous and nectarivorous interactions between bats and plants.
#1022
2019-10-07
进化生物
Inferred divergent gene regulation in archaic hominins reveals potential phenotypic differences
This study presents a method to identify divergent gene regulation between archaic hominin and anatomically modern human sequences, and shows differences in gene regulatory architecture between the two groups.
#1023
2019-09-26
微生物
Synthetic microbiota reveal priority effects and keystone strains in theArabidopsisphyllosphere
Conducting a series of removal experiments using synthetic leaf-inhabiting bacterial communities, the authors identify several keystone strains and show that priority effects drive phyllosphere community assembly.
#1024
2019-09-26
进化生物
Convergent evolution of a vertebrate-like methylome in a marine sponge
Whereas vertebrate genomes are highly methylated at CpG positions, invertebrate genomes are typically sparsely methylated. Here, the authors report a highly methylated genome in a marine sponge and show striking similarities with vertebrates.
#1025
2019-09-26
气候变化
Living coral tissue slows skeletal dissolution related to ocean acidification
A Free Ocean Carbon Enrichment study on the Great Barrier Reef finds that elevated carbon dioxide impairs net calcification of living corals and may accelerate dissolution of dead corals.
#1026
2019-09-26
生态系统
The earliest evidence for mechanically delivered projectile weapons in Europe
Microscopic analysis of backed stone pieces from the Uluzzian technocomplex of Italy (45–40 thousand years ago) identifies them as hafted armatures, probably used as projectiles.
#1027
2019-09-23
进化生物
More evidence is needed to show that heritability and selection are not associated
摘要暂缺
#1028
2019-09-23
生态系统
Reply to: Comparisons of static brain–body allometries across vertebrates must distinguish between indeterminate and determinate growth
摘要暂缺
#1029
2019-09-23
生态系统
Comparisons of static brain–body allometries across vertebrates must distinguish between indeterminate and determinate growth
摘要暂缺
#1030
2019-09-23
进化生物
Reply to: More evidence is needed to show that heritability and selection are not associated
摘要暂缺
#1031
2019-09-23
微生物
Host availability drives distributions of fungal endophytes in the imperilled boreal realm
Sampling plants and lichens from across boreal North America and Eurasia, the authors show that the composition and diversity of symbiotic fungal endophyte communities are controlled primarily by host associations, not environmental filtering.
#1032
2019-09-23
进化生物
Selection and gene flow shape niche-associated variation in pheromone response
Ascaroside pheromones reflect population density inCaenorhabditis elegans. Here, the authors show that variation in ascaroside receptor genes contributes to differences in pheromone responses in natural populations ofC. elegans.
#1033
2019-09-23
进化生物
Primate mosaic brain evolution reflects selection on sensory and cognitive specialization
An analysis of 33 brain regions across a wide sample of primates reveals that primate brain structure is largely driven by selection on sensory and cognitive specializations that develop in response to different socioecological niches.
#1034
2019-09-16
海洋
Common carp aquaculture in Neolithic China dates back 8,000 years
Comparing body-length distributions of modern and archaeological specimens of common carp, the authors find evidence consistent with fish management in the Early Neolithic site of Jiahu in China, representing the earliest identified form of aquaculture.
#1035
2019-09-16
进化生物
Genomic evidence of human selection on Vavilovian mimicry
Vavilovian mimicry is the phenomenon whereby weeds evolve to resemble co-located crop plants through unintentional human selection. Here the authors compare mimetic and non-mimetic populations ofEchinochloa crus-galli(a weed mimic of rice) to characterize the genomic underpinnings of this case of Vavilovian mimicry.
#1036
2019-09-09
气候变化
Spatio-temporal climate change contributes to latitudinal diversity gradients
The number of species increases from the poles to the Equator; yet it is unclear what determines this pattern. Using simulations, the authors show that spatio-temporal climatic changes recapitulate the patterns of vertebrate biodiversity as a function of speciation, extinction and dispersal alone.
#1037
2019-09-02
气候变化
Species traits and reduced habitat suitability limit efficacy of climate change refugia in streams
An assessment of fish movement along stream networks of the southern Appalachian Mountains identifies species-intrinsic sensitivities and habitat characteristics that allow some fish to disperse to keep pace with climate change but prevent successful climate tracking in some species.
#1038
2019-09-02
进化生物
Differential fitness effects of moonlight on plumage colour morphs in barn owls
On moonlit nights, barn owls with white plumage are more successful hunters than those with red plumage. White owls trigger longer freezing times in their prey by exploiting their aversion to bright light, despite the fact that they can be more easily detected.
#1039
2019-09-02
生物多样性
Inbreeding reduces long-term growth of Alpine ibex populations
Long-term data on 26 reintroduced Alpine ibex populations show that inbreeding reduces per capita population growth rates, especially in harsher environmental conditions. These results validate conservation efforts to reduce inbreeding in rare species.
#1040
2019-08-19
进化生物
Population differences in aggression are shaped by tropical cyclone-induced selection
Sampling colonies of social spiders before and after a tropical cyclone strike, the authors find evidence of selection for aggressive phenotypes, and that regional variation in this trait may be influenced by the historical frequency of extreme events.
#1041
2019-08-19
气候变化
Continental scale structuring of forest and soil diversity via functional traits
Analysing functional traits among plants, bacteria and fungi along a latitudinal gradient, the authors find evidence that microbial processes are tightly coupled to variation in plant traits via temperature.
#1042
2019-08-19
气候变化
A meta-analysis of 1,119 manipulative experiments on terrestrial carbon-cycling responses to global change
A synthesis of global change experiments that manipulated temperature, precipitation, carbon dioxide or nitrogen identifies a need to consider site-specific factors and interactions in Earth system models.
#1043
2019-08-19
进化生物
Consumer-resource dynamics is an eco-evolutionary process in a natural plankton community
Changes in the dynamics of freshwaterDaphniapopulations in relation to their edible and inedible phytoplankton resources reveal rare evidence for eco-evolutionary feedbacks in a natural ecosystem.
#1044
2019-08-12
气候变化
Social–environmental drivers inform strategic management of coral reefs in the Anthropocene
Surveys from 2,584 sites across the Indo-Pacific identify key climate, socioeconomic and environmental drivers associated with hard coral assemblages. This informs a strategic approach to protect, recover or transform coral reef management.
#1045
2019-08-05
进化生物
Ancient animal genome architecture reflects cell type identities
The conservation of ancient metazoan gene order is remarkable, yet the functionality of conserved regions is unclear. Using single-cell expression data for many metazoans, the authors identify conserved genomic regions conferring ancient cell type identity.
#1046
2019-07-29
海洋
The marine fish food web is globally connected
Using a global interaction dataset, the authors quantify the distribution of trophic interactions among marine fish, finding a high degree of geographic connectivity but low spatial modularity.
#1047
2019-07-29
进化生物
Natural selection contributed to immunological differences between hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists
Variation in responses to bacterial and viral stimuli between Batwa rainforest hunter-gatherers and Bakiga agriculturalists from Uganda suggests population-level divergence under natural selection, with hunter-gatherers disproportionately showing signatures of positive selection.
#1048
2019-07-29
进化生物
Genome of the Komodo dragon reveals adaptations in the cardiovascular and chemosensory systems of monitor lizards
Monitor lizards have a high aerobic capacity and distinctive cardiovascular physiology. Here the authors sequence the genome of the Komodo dragon and reveal genetic changes associated with its unique sensory, cardiovascular and muscular systems.
#1049
2019-07-29
进化生物
Uncovering the rules of microbial community invasions
Model simulations incorporating ecological and evolutionary processes uncover five general rules that describe invasions in microbial communities.
#1050
2019-07-22
生态系统
Data do not support large-scale oligotrophication of terrestrial ecosystems
摘要暂缺
#1051
2019-07-22
生态系统
Reply to: Data do not support large-scale oligotrophication of terrestrial ecosystems
摘要暂缺
#1052
2019-07-22
生态系统
Privatization of public goods can cause population decline
By creating synthetic strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaethat differ in their sucrose metabolism strategies, the authors show that private-metabolizers may outcompete communities of public-metabolizers and cheater-strains, but their lower growth rate ultimately causes instability and population decline.
#1053
2019-07-22
生态系统
Bird embryos perceive vibratory cues of predation risk from clutch mates
Exposing the eggs of yellow-legged gulls to adult conspecific predator alarm calls, the authors show that this information can be socially transmitted to other embryos in the clutch, even when they are naive to these calls.
#1054
2019-07-22
进化生物
Microbial life cycles link global modularity in regulation to mosaic evolution
Expression profiles and genomes of Bacilli species show modular organization of the life cycle and mosaic evolution of life cycle changes. Experimental evolution shows parallel losses of the sporulation life stage under conditions that promote colony growth.
#1055
2019-07-08
进化生物
A Triassic averostran-line theropod from Switzerland and the early evolution of dinosaurs
A well-preserved Late Triassic theropod skeleton from what is now Switzerland informs the evolution of coelophysids and dilophosaurids.
#1056
2019-07-08
生态系统
Animal life history is shaped by the pace of life and the distribution of age-specific mortality and reproduction
Analysis of demographic data from 121 species shows that animal life history strategies vary across two axes of variation defined by the pace of life and the distribution of a species’ mortality and reproduction over their life course.
#1057
2019-07-08
海洋
Vertical transmission of sponge microbiota is inconsistent and unfaithful
Examining transmission of microbes between parent and offspring pairs in eight species of marine sponges, the authors find little evidence for consistency in vertical transmission or partner fidelity.
#1058
2019-07-08
进化生物
Emergence of diverse life cycles and life histories at the origin of multicellularity
Multicellularity has arisen independently on several occasions and can take different forms. A theoretical model explores the relationship between ecological conditions, ancestral constraints, and emergent multicellular life cycles and life histories.
#1059
2019-07-01
进化生物
Genetic regulation of amphioxus somitogenesis informs the evolution of the vertebrate head mesoderm
This study shows the existence of three genetically different somite populations in amphioxus and suggests that the vertebrate head mesoderm is of lateral origin.
#1060
2019-06-24
进化生物
Retesting the influences of mutation accumulation and antagonistic pleiotropy on human senescence and disease
摘要暂缺
#1061
2019-06-24
生态系统
Three thousand years of wild capuchin stone tool use
A 3,000-year record of capuchin monkey stone tool use shows long-term variability in technology outside of the human lineage.
#1062
2019-06-24
进化生物
Reply to: Retesting the influences of mutation accumulation and antagonistic pleiotropy on human senescence and disease
摘要暂缺
#1063
2019-06-24
进化生物
The origins and adaptation of European potatoes reconstructed from historical genomes
Potatoes originated in the Andes and were introduced in Europe in the sixteenth century. Using historical genomes, the authors show that European potatoes were closely related to Andean landraces and find signatures of admixture with Chilean genotypes in Europe.
#1064
2019-06-24
气候变化
Urban−rural gradients reveal joint control of elevated CO2and temperature on extended photosynthetic seasons
Cities can be used as natural laboratories for higher temperatures and CO2concentrations. Urban vegetation photosynthetic activity begins earlier, peaks earlier and ends later than in neighbouring rural areas.
#1065
2019-06-17
气候变化
Evolutionary history constrains microbial traits across environmental variation
Using stable isotope probing to quantify growth and carbon assimilation rates of soil microbes along an elevation gradient, the authors show that these traits are more constrained by evolutionary history than environmental variation.
#1066
2019-06-17
气候变化
Comparative isotopic evidence from East Turkana supports a dietary shift within the genusHomo
Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of sediments and soils from hominin locales in Kenya coupled with results from hominin taxa suggest that a dietary shift from C3to C4resources occurred in the genusHomocirca 1.65 million years ago despite palaeoenvironmental continuity.
#1067
2019-06-17
古生物
Minimum founding populations for the first peopling of Sahul
A stochastic, age-structured model incorporating hunter-gatherer demographic rates and palaeoecological reconstructions of carrying capacity predicts that a founding population of 1,300–1,550 individuals was necessary to survive the initial peopling of Pleistocene Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania and neighbouring islands (Sahul).
#1068
2019-06-10
古生物
Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery
An assessment of global extinction in plants shows almost 600 species have become extinct, at a rate higher than background extinction levels, with the highest rates on islands, in the tropics and for shrubs, trees or species with narrow ranges.
#1069
2019-06-10
微生物
Global estimates of mammalian viral diversity accounting for host sharing
A re-analysis of virus diversity in mammals that now takes into account host sharing finds that previous global estimates have been overstated by two orders of magnitude.
#1070
2019-06-10
生态系统
Longitudinal comparative transcriptomics reveals unique mechanisms underlying extended healthspan in bats
RNA-Seq analysis of an 8-year longitudinal study of long-lived bats reveals unique transcriptomic signatures and novel candidate genes associated with healthy ageing.
#1071
2019-06-10
进化生物
Historical contingency shapes adaptive radiation in Antarctic fishes
Phylogenetic comparative analysis of Antarctic notothenioid fishes reveals a burst of genomic diversification and evolution of key skeletal modifications before the onset of polar conditions in the Southern Ocean.
#1072
2019-06-06
进化生物
Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships
Palaeoproteomics offers an opportunity to resolve molecular phylogenies especially in contexts where ancient DNA does not preserve. Here collagen sequences resolve sloth phylogenies differently from morphology-based estimates, illuminating the utility of proteomics in systematics.
#1073
2019-06-03
进化生物
Underrepresented faculty play a disproportionate role in advancing diversity and inclusion
A survey of 469 faculty members from ecology and evolutionary biology doctoral programmes across the United States finds that, although most respondents report engaging in diversity and inclusion activities at their institution, respondents who identified themselves as non-white, non-male and the first generation in their family to attend college engaged disproportionately more.
#1074
2019-06-03
进化生物
A model with many small shifts for estimating species-specific diversification rates
ClaDS—a new Bayesian method for estimating diversification rates on phylogenies—performs well in inferring both large and small rate changes, and shows substantial rate heterogeneity within avian lineages.
#1075
2019-05-27
生态系统
Conserved alarm calls but rapid auditory learning in monkey responses to novel flying objects
Drone flights observed by West African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) elicited responses distinct from those for known predators, but which were similar to their East African congenerics, suggesting such responses are conserved.
#1076
2019-05-27
气候变化
Effects of warming climate and competition in the ocean for life-histories of Pacific salmon
Quantifying the impact of multiple stressors on different life-history stages of sockeye salmon, the authors show that climate warming impacts the timing of migration from natal freshwater habitats, with knock-on effects for adult maturation in the ocean.
#1077
2019-05-20
海洋
Predator traits determine food-web architecture across ecosystems
Analysing a database of >200,000 feeding links between >5,000 species in terrestrial and aquatic food webs, the authors show that specific trait combinations can be used to predict which predator species are characterized by high body-mass ratio interactions with their prey.
#1078
2019-05-13
生态系统
Strontium and stable isotope evidence of human mobility strategies across the Last Glacial Maximum in southern Italy
Biogeochemistry of teeth from the Italian site of Grotta Paglicci show different mobility strategies for humans using the cave either side of the Last Glacial Maximum.
#1079
2019-05-13
生态系统
Increased variation in numbers of presacral vertebrae in suspensory mammals
Mammals with antipronograde body plans which employ suspensory positional behaviours demonstrate elevated variation in numbers of presacral vertebrae compared to pronograde species which display constraint on presacral vertebral number independent of running speed.
#1080
2019-05-06
进化生物
Exploiting selection at linked sites to infer the rate and strength of adaptation
A method to infer the strength and rate of adaptation based on the influence of background selection to reduce the fixation rate of weakly beneficial alleles shows that weakly beneficial alleles contribute substantially to adaptation in humans.
#1081
2019-05-06
生态系统
Distance to range edge determines sensitivity to deforestation
Analysing responses of 378 bird species to deforestation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, the authors show that sensitivity to habitat loss is dependent on where a population is located within its range.
#1082
2019-05-06
生态系统
Costs and benefits of social relationships in the collective motion of bird flocks
Interactions between members of a group may be influenced by their social relationships. Here, the authors track individuals’ trajectories within flocks of jackdaws and show that their social relationships transform local interactions and collective dynamics.
#1083
2019-05-06
古生物
A mid-Cretaceous tyrannosauroid and the origin of North American end-Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages
Suskityrannus hazelaegen. et sp. nov. is a small-bodied tyrannosauroid that bridges the gap between earlier, smaller tyrannosauroids and the gigantic, last-surviving tyrannosaurids of the terminal Cretaceous.
#1084
2019-04-29
生态系统
Non-parametric estimation of the structural stability of non-equilibrium community dynamics
A non-parametric framework, including an application to empirical data, is presented for estimating the local structural stability of ecological communities under environmental changes.
#1085
2019-04-29
进化生物
Ancient admixture from an extinct ape lineage into bonobos
Analysis of genomes from bonobo and chimpanzee populations reveals an ancient admixture event between bonobos and an extinct great ape several hundred thousand years ago and suggests introgression of functional genes from the archaic ape into bonobos.
#1086
2019-04-29
进化生物
The genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia
Genome-wide data for 763 individuals from inner Eurasia reveal 3 admixture clines in present-day populations that mirror geography, illuminating the historic spread and mixture of peoples across the Eurasian steppe, taiga and tundra.
#1087
2019-04-22
生态系统
Wet and dry tropical forests show opposite successional pathways in wood density but converge over time
Neotropical tree community composition shows opposing successional pathways for wet and dry forests, but as vegetation cover increases over time, trends converge. Selecting species that have similar wood density to early successional communities could improve reforestation prospects.
#1088
2019-04-15
进化生物
Morphology and genome of a snailfish from the Mariana Trench provide insights into deep-sea adaptation
Analysing the genome of a snailfish from the Mariana Trench, the authors show genetic changes associated with unique morphological and physiological adaptations to life in the hadal zone.
#1089
2019-04-15
进化生物
Ancient genomes indicate population replacement in Early Neolithic Britain
DNA analyses of Mesolithic and Neolithic individuals indicates the British Neolithic transition was mediated by incoming continental farmers, with little gene flow from local hunter-gatherers.
#1090
2019-04-15
生态系统
Synchronized failure of global crop production
An analysis of the global production of maize, rice, soybean and wheat from 1961 to 2008 reveals that, although production synchronization within these crops has decreased, leading to increased stability, synchrony between crops has increased, resulting in higher instability of global total calorie production.
#1091
2019-04-15
进化生物
Medusozoan genomes inform the evolution of the jellyfish body plan
Genome sequencing of a scyphozoan and a cubozoan jellyfish sheds light on the genetic basis of jellyfish-specific structures and cell types.
#1092
2019-04-08
古生物
Morphospace expansion paces taxonomic diversification after end Cretaceous mass extinction
Analysis of planktic foraminifera dynamics in the wake of the Cretaceous–Palaeogene mass extinction shows that increases in morphologic complexity preceded changes in species diversity and that the construction of new morphospace constrained diversification speed following the extinction event.
#1093
2019-04-08
生态系统
Temperate airborne grass pollen defined by spatio-temporal shifts in community composition
DNA metabarcoding is used to survey the spatial and temporal distribution of airborne grass pollen genera over the summer grass pollen season across Great Britain.
#1094
2019-04-08
海洋
Seasonal regulation of the lncRNALDAIRmodulates self-protective behaviours during the breeding season
Transcriptomic and behavioural analyses of medaka fish demonstrate how photoperiodic activation of the long noncoding RNALDAIRregulates behaviour in response to seasonal change.
#1095
2019-04-08
古生物
Evidence for increased hominid diversity in the Early to Middle Pleistocene of Indonesia
Morphometric analyses of hominid teeth from Early to Middle Pleistocene Java reveal thatMeganthropuswas a Pleistocene Indonesian hominid distinct fromPongo, GigantopithecusandHomo, and that molars previously assigned toHomo erectusare more likely to belong toMeganthropus.
#1096
2019-04-08
海洋
Global ecological impacts of marine exotic species
A meta-analysis reveals that the presence of exotic species has a modest but significantly negative impact on the ecological properties of native marine communities and identifies the exotic species that exert the most harmful effects.
#1097
2019-04-01
生态系统
Human genealogy reveals a selective advantage to moderate fecundity
Historical genealogical data for nearly half a million individuals reveals that moderate fecundity maximized long-run reproductive success in a human population.
#1098
2019-04-01
气候变化
Global buffering of temperatures under forest canopies
Comparing temperatures in the forest understory versus open habitat across boreal, temperate and tropical biomes, the authors show that tree canopies act as thermal insulators that buffer the understory against temperature extremes.
#1099
2019-04-01
进化生物
Dynamic evolutionary history and gene content of sex chromosomes across diverse songbirds
Songbirds are a species-rich group known for their diversified sexual traits. Genomic analysis of 11 songbird species reveals evolutionary strata and shows their role in reshaping the genomic architecture of songbird sex chromosomes.
#1100
2019-03-25
古生物
Simple sediment rheology explains the Ediacara biota preservation
Taphonomic experiments show that sedimentary flows constrained Ediacara biota preservation and that Ediacaran fossils do not necessarily reflect the external shape of the organism.
#1101
2019-03-25
微生物
Range-expansion effects on the belowground plant microbiome
Analysing soil and rhizosphere microbial communities across a latitudinal gradient from southern to central Europe, the authors show that the belowground microbiomes of range-expanding plant species become more similar the further they are from their native range.
#1102
2019-03-25
气候变化
Climate warming accelerates temporal scaling of grassland soil microbial biodiversity
Using a multifactorial global change experiment, the authors show that warming grassland plots by +3 °C over 6 years accelerates the scaling rate of both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in soil bacterial and fungal communities.
#1103
2019-03-25
进化生物
Experimental evidence of frequency-dependent selection on group behaviour
Social spider colonies composed of ‘bold’ individuals have greater foraging success than ‘shy’ colonies, but this advantage diminishes as their frequency in the neighbourhood increases.
#1104
2019-03-25
进化生物
Epistatic mutations under divergent selection govern phenotypic variation in the crow hybrid zone
Analysis of crow admixed genomes in a European hybrid zone shows that variation in hybrid colour phenotypes is explained by recessive epistasis between two pigmentation genes, which are targets of divergent selection.
#1105
2019-03-18
进化生物
The origin and maintenance of metabolic allometry in animals
The authors identify a strong positive relationship between mass and metabolic rate among insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, and show that the genetic and interspecific correlations between these traits are consistent with a pattern of multivariate selection.
#1106
2019-03-18
进化生物
The spread of resistance to imidacloprid is restricted by thermotolerance in natural populations ofDrosophila melanogaster
Genomic analysis ofDrosophila melanogasterpopulations that are found at different climatic extremes identifies a trade-off between resistance to a neonicitinoid pesticide and adaptation to thermotolerance, controlled by two major genes.
#1107
2019-03-18
进化生物
Megaphylogeny resolves global patterns of mushroom evolution
A phylogenetic tree of 5,284 fungal species is used to infer patterns of extinction, diversification and morphological innovation in mushroom-forming fungi.
#1108
2019-03-11
进化生物
The genome of the jellyfishClytia hemisphaericaand the evolution of the cnidarian life-cycle
The genome of the jellyfishClytia hemisphaericaand the transcriptomes of its planula, polyp and medusa life stages show genetic changes associated with the evolution of complex life cycles.
#1109
2019-03-11
气候变化
Air temperature optima of vegetation productivity across global biomes
Combining eddy covariance measurements and satellite observations, the authors identify an optimum air temperature for global vegetation productivity and show that it is consistently lower than the optimum foliar photosynthetic capacity.
#1110
2019-03-11
进化生物
Rapid evolution of protein diversity by de novo origination inOryza
Analysis of high-quality genomes and transcriptomes of 13 closely relatedOryzaspecies coupled with proteomics finds about 50 de novo genes per million years.
#1111
2019-03-11
海洋
Water quality mediates resilience on the Great Barrier Reef
Fitting a water quality index to survey-based estimates of coral resilience finds that reefs exposed to poor water quality are more resistant to bleaching but slower to recover from disturbance and more susceptible to disease outbreaks.
#1112
2019-03-04
进化生物
Inter-chromosomal coupling between vision and pigmentation genes during genomic divergence
Genome analysis of hamlets, a group of reef fishes that differ in colour pattern and that are reproductively isolated via assortative mating, shows inter-chromosomal linkage disequilibrium between vision and pigmentation genes.
#1113
2019-03-04
气候变化
Increasing impacts of land use on biodiversity and carbon sequestration driven by population and economic growth
Combining biophysical and economic models, the authors show that the impacts of land use on bird biodiversity and carbon sequestration have increased over the years 2000–2011, with cattle farming being a major driver of biodiversity loss.
#1114
2019-03-04
古生物
Putative sponge biomarkers in unicellular Rhizaria question an early rise of animals
Fossil lipid biomarkers previously thought to be diagnostic of sponges (and thus indicative of animal life) are found to be preserved in unicellular Rhizarian protists, questioning a pre-Cambrian origin of sponges.
#1115
2019-03-04
进化生物
A novel protein domain in an ancestral splicing factor drove the evolution of neural microexons
Microexons play a crucial role in neural development and are evolutionarily conserved. Comparing microexons across bilaterians, the authors find a new protein domain responsible for the evolution of neural specificity of microexons.
#1116
2019-02-25
生态系统
Mycorrhizal fungi influence global plant biogeography
Analysing occurrence records from >200,000 plant species across 1,103 regions, the authors show that mycorrhizal associations are less common among native island plants than native mainland plants and decline with increasing island isolation.
#1117
2019-02-25
气候变化
Elevation shapes the reassembly of Anthropocene lizard communities
A comparison of communities ofAnolislizards across an elevation gradient in the Dominican Republic finds contrasting effects of habitat conversion in lowland and highland communities and suggests that warm-climate specialists dominate human-modified landscapes, even in cool macroclimates.
#1118
2019-02-25
进化生物
Pervasive population genomic consequences of genome duplication inArabidopsis arenosa
This study shows how polyploidy impacts population genomics and the evolutionary potential of polyploids in natural populations of the diploid-autotetraploidArabidopsis arenosa.
#1119
2019-02-25
进化生物
Antarctic blackfin icefish genome reveals adaptations to extreme environments
The genome of the Antarctic blackfin icefish shows expansion of genes involved in protection from damage caused by ice and high-oxygen concentrations, which reflects adaptation to extreme Antarctic environments.
#1120
2019-02-18
生物多样性
Global patterns and drivers of tree diversity integrated across a continuum of spatial grains
Integrating global data on tree species richness uncovers regional and environmental grain-dependent effects on species richness and allows predictions at the global scale
#1121
2019-02-18
海洋
Diversity dynamics of Phanerozoic terrestrial tetrapods at the local-community scale
Diversity within terrestrial tetrapod communities has risen by at most threefold over the last 300 million years, consistent with a constrained model of diversification.
#1122
2019-02-18
气候变化
Community richness of amphibian skin bacteria correlates with bioclimate at the global scale
Data on the richness and composition of the skin microbiome from 2,349 individual amphibians, representing 205 species across a broad geographic range, is compared with local biotic and abiotic environmental factors.
#1123
2019-02-18
进化生物
Diversity of cytosine methylation across the fungal tree of life
A phylogenetic analysis reveals the evolutionary history of 5mC methyltransferases in fungi and finds that fungi lack the canonical gene-body methylation seen in other taxa.
#1124
2019-02-18
进化生物
Fibroblasts and alectinib switch the evolutionary games played by non-small cell lung cancer
Growth-rate data from co-cultures of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells are quantitatively described using evolutionary game theory, revealing that drug treatment alters the type of game played by the cancer cells from ‘Leader’ to ‘Deadlock’.
#1125
2019-02-11
生态系统
Widespread inhibition of daytime ecosystem respiration
Leaf respiration may be inhibited by light, but how this affects ecosystem-level processes is unclear. Analysing globally distributed eddy-covariance observations, Keenan et al. show that this inhibition is widespread and follows consistent seasonal patterns within ecosystem types.
#1126
2019-02-11
气候变化
Climate change has altered zooplankton-fuelled carbon export in the North Atlantic
More than 200,000 observations of copepods in the North Atlantic between 1960 and 2014 identify northwestward shifts in carbon flux, driven by altered copepod distributions and community structure.
#1127
2019-02-11
进化生物
Within-host dynamics shape antibiotic resistance in commensal bacteria
Fitting a model of within-host competition and bacterial transmission to empirical patterns of antibiotic resistance, the authors show that frequency-dependent selection promotes coexistence between resistant and non-resistant strains at the population level.
#1128
2019-02-04
生态系统
Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs
A NutNet global grassland study finds that leaf N, P and K consistently respond to soil nutrient additions, but leaf morphological traits, such as specific leaf area, are inconsistent indicators of anthropogenic perturbations.
#1129
2019-02-04
进化生物
Epigenetic gene silencing alters the mechanisms and rate of evolutionary adaptation
Experimental evolution in yeast usingURA3reporter assay shows that chromatin-based, epigenetically heritable gene silencing can drive adaptive evolution.
#1130
2019-02-04
微生物
The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops
An expert elicitation survey estimates yield losses for the five major food crops worldwide, suggesting that the highest losses are associated with food-deficit regions with fast-growing populations and frequently with emerging or re-emerging pests and diseases.
#1131
2019-01-29
气候变化
The global biogeography of polyploid plants
A global map of the distribution of polyploidy plant species shows that their frequency increases with latitude and is also strongly, though indirectly, affected by climate.
#1132
2019-01-29
生态系统
The predictability of ecological stability in a noisy world
Analysing the stability of model food webs against changes in environmental noise, the authors show that increasingly positive autocorrelation is a more important determinant of stability than intrinsic food web characteristics.
#1133
2019-01-21
生态系统
An early Aurignacian arrival in southwestern Europe
New 43–45 ka dates for stone tool assemblages associated with anatomically modern humans (AMHs) at the southern Spanish site of Bajondillo suggest an early AMH incursion and weaken the case for late Neanderthal persistence in the region.
#1134
2019-01-21
进化生物
Direct estimation of mutations in great apes reconciles phylogenetic dating
Analysis of de novo mutations in sequences of great ape parent-offspring trios suggests that mutation rates slowed down in the recent human lineage, reconciling dates from the fossil record.
#1135
2019-01-21
气候变化
Carboniferous–Permian climate change constrained early land vertebrate radiations
During the Carboniferous–Permian transition, reduction of tropical wetlands accommodated emerging dryland-adapted amniote faunas from a western Pangaean epicentre.
#1136
2019-01-21
进化生物
Global plant–symbiont organization and emergence of biogeochemical cycles resolved by evolution-based trait modelling
Developing a modelling approach based on evolutionary game theory, the authors are able to successfully predict global patterns in belowground plant–symbiont distributions across biomes, as well as major patterns in nutrient cycling, succession and stability.
#1137
2019-01-14
进化生物
Phenotypic and genome-wide association with the local environment ofArabidopsis
Detailed information is already available on the genotypic and phenotypic variation of Arabidopsis. Here, extensive georeferenced environmental data from natural populations are compiled to identify adaptive variation.
#1138
2019-01-14
生物多样性
A systems approach reveals urban pollinator hotspots and conservation opportunities
Analysing plant–pollinator interactions across all major land use classes in four cities, the authors show that residential gardens and community gardens are urban pollinator hotspots, with pollinator abundance positively associated with household income.
#1139
2019-01-14
气候变化
Cross-biome patterns in soil microbial respiration predictable from evolutionary theory on thermal adaptation
Measuring microbial respiration in soils collected for three years along a latitudinal gradient, the authors find lower respiration rates and greater plasticity in responses at sites with higher mean annual temperatures, consistent with adaptation to thermal regimes.
#1140
2019-01-14
气候变化
Soil microbial respiration adapts to ambient temperature in global drylands
Undertaking an incubation study on soil collected from 110 dryland sites across the world, the authors show that the response of soil microbial respiration to temperature is consistent with that of adaptation to the ambient thermal regime.
#1141
2019-01-14
生态系统
Investigating mitonuclear interactions in human admixed populations
Comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial ancestry in admixed human populations from the Americas shows mitonuclear interactions with possible impacts on phenotypic variation in admixed individuals.
#1142
2019-01-07
海洋
Biodiversity enhances coral growth, tissue survivorship and suppression of macroalgae
Sixteen-month manipulation experiments in a degraded macroalgae-dominated tropical reef setting show that lower coral species richness suppresses growth and survivorship of multiple species.
#1143
2018-12-31
生态系统
Ecological networks reveal resilience of agro-ecosystems to changes in farming management
Large-scale network analysis of invertebrate communities across >500 arable farms in the United Kingdom reveals that genetic modification for herbicide tolerance has little influence on overall network structure, which is largely shaped by crop type.
#1144
2018-12-31
进化生物
The dynamics of adaptive genetic diversity during the early stages of clonal evolution
Lineage tracking of barcodedSaccharomyces cerevisiaegrowing in nutrient-limited conditions finds that a predictable increase in genetic diversity through single-mutant lineages is followed by a crash in diversity, owing to the success of highly fit double mutants.
#1145
2018-12-17
生物多样性
Strategic approaches to restoring ecosystems can triple conservation gains and halve costs
A restoration prioritization approach applied to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot considers 362 scenarios for synergies and trade-offs between ecological and economic costs, benefits and scales.
#1146
2018-12-17
生态系统
Pterosaur integumentary structures with complex feather-like branching
Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses and imaging of integumentary structures in two anurognathid pterosaurs reveal that their integuments were more like feathers (as seen in maniraptoran dinosaurs) than fur, as was previously supposed.
#1147
2018-12-10
气候变化
Warming shortens flowering seasons of tundra plant communities
Analysing a global database of >40,000 tundra plant phenological observations monitored for up to 20 years, the authors show that community-level flowering has been contracting in response to recent warming, in contrast to findings from lower latitudes.
#1148
2018-12-10
进化生物
Fall webworm genomes yield insights into rapid adaptation of invasive species
Genome sequencing of the fall webworm, a destructive pest in Europe and Asia, suggests changes in carbohydrate metabolism, gustatory receptors and silk-yielding associated with its rapid spread.
#1149
2018-12-10
进化生物
Species diversity as a surrogate for conservation of phylogenetic and functional diversity in terrestrial vertebrates across the Americas
A compilation of distribution, phylogenetic, trait and risk data for more than 10,000 species of terrestrial vertebrates finds that conservation plans that target species diversity are typically also representative of phylogenetic and functional diversity.
#1150
2018-12-10
微生物
Coordinated change at the colony level in fruit bat fur microbiomes through time
Changes in the fur microbiome of Egyptian fruit bats are synchronized through time at the level of whole colonies, together with fur volatile compounds. This contrasts with their gut microbiome profiles, which change at the level of the individual.
#1151
2018-12-10
进化生物
Adaptive changes in sexual signalling in response to urbanization
Male túngara frogs living in urban environments have adjusted their mating calls in response to differing sexual and natural selection pressures. Males have more conspicuous calls, experience lower predation risk and attract more females than forest-dwelling conspecifics.
#1152
2018-12-03
进化生物
Rapid niche expansion by selection on functional genomic variation after ecosystem recovery
European whitefish evolved a greater range in the number of gill rakers to utilize a broader ecological niche following the restoration of Lake Constance after anthropogenic eutrophication.
#1153
2018-12-03
进化生物
Individual immune selection pressure has limited impact on seasonal influenza virus evolution
An analysis of 25,000 human seasonal influenza virus sequences reveals no distinguishable mutational patterns across individuals with different immune histories, suggesting a limited role of individual immune positive selection in the evolution these viruses.
#1154
2018-12-03
进化生物
The genome of the jellyfishAureliaand the evolution of animal complexity
The cnidarian moon jellyfishAureliahas a medusa life stage with a complex neural system. By comparing theAureliagenome and transcriptomes from different life stages with those of other cnidarians, the authors show that life cycle complexity is not associated with increased number of genes.
#1155
2018-12-03
进化生物
Collective motion conceals fitness differences in crowded cellular populations
Slower-growing yeast clones at the colony edge have their fitness disadvantage masked by the collective motion of neighbouring cells, reducing the rate at which costly mutations are selected against.
#1156
2018-12-03
进化生物
Giant tortoise genomes provide insights into longevity and age-related disease
The genomes of two long-lived giant tortoises, including Lonesome George, reveal candidate genes and pathways associated with their development, gigantism and longevity.
#1157
2018-11-26
进化生物
Multiple episodes of interbreeding between Neanderthal and modern humans
Studying the asymmetry in the pattern of Neanderthal introgression in modern human genomes between individuals of East Asian and European ancestry, the authors show recurrent gene flow from Neanderthals into modern humans.
#1158
2018-11-26
生物多样性
Fires in protected areas reveal unforeseen costs of Colombian peace
Signing of peace agreements in Colombia has brought armed conflict to an end, but has also led to encroachment, development and deforestation of previously disputed forested areas, as revealed by remote sensing data.
#1159
2018-11-26
进化生物
Reef fish functional traits evolve fastest at trophic extremes
Large-scale phylogenetic analysis of coral reef fish species shows that functional traits evolve fastest in those at high and low trophic levels with narrow diet breadth.
#1160
2018-11-26
气候变化
Evolution and extinction of the giant rhinocerosElasmotherium sibiricumsheds light on late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions
Radiocarbon dates, stable isotope data and DNA sequencing indicate an Elasmotheriinae/Rhinocerotinae split by the Eocene period, and the extinction ofElasmotherium sibiricumno later than 39,000 years ago, to which its specialized diet was probably a contributing factor.
#1161
2018-11-19
进化生物
Dinosaur ossification centres in embryonic birds uncover developmental evolution of the skull
Analysis of embryonic bird skulls reveals dinosaur-like modular ossification patterns, which underpins the re-organization of skull architecture during bird evolution.
#1162
2018-11-19
生态系统
Global trait–environment relationships of plant communities
Although plant functional trait combinations reflect ecological trade-offs at the species level, little is known about how this translates to whole communities. Here, the authors show that global trait composition is captured by two main dimensions that are only weakly related to macro-environmental drivers.
#1163
2018-11-19
进化生物
Dual-stressor selection alters eco-evolutionary dynamics in experimental communities
Pseudomonas fluorescensis subjected to two stressors: the predatory thermophileTetrahymenaand sublethal antibiotic treatment. The interaction slows adaptation and destabilizes ecological dynamics.
#1164
2018-11-19
气候变化
Tropical forest leaves may darken in response to climate change
Tropical forest leaves are expected to absorb more of the Sun’s energy with climate warming, which could further increase global temperatures.
#1165
2018-11-19
生态系统
Social support drives female dominance in the spotted hyaena
Females are often dominant in spotted hyaena societies. Here, the authors show that this dominance emerges from male-biased dispersal and its effect on social bonds, which can result in increased social support for females.
#1166
2018-11-19
进化生物
Whole-genome sequences of Malawi cichlids reveal multiple radiations interconnected by gene flow
Genome-sequencing data of all major cichlid fish lineages in Lake Malawi show genomic footprints of rapid species diversification.
#1167
2018-11-12
气候变化
Productive instability of coral reef fisheries after climate-driven regime shifts
Twenty years of catch data and habitat surveys in coral reef fisheries in the Seychelles reveal that total yields can be maintained after severe bleaching and associated regime shifts, but the stability of fisheries is reduced.
#1168
2018-11-12
生态系统
Enhanced peak growth of global vegetation and its key mechanisms
Combining two global datasets, the authors show that peak vegetation growth has been increasing linearly for the past 30 years, with similar proportions of NDVI variation attributable to expanding croplands, rising CO2and intensifying nitrogen deposition.
#1169
2018-11-12
进化生物
Pezizomycetes genomes reveal the molecular basis of ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle
Genomes of three Tuberaceae species and two related truffle species reveal genetic similarities across symbiotic truffle-forming fungi, including high expression of genes involved in volatile organic compound metabolism.
#1170
2018-11-05
生态系统
Bottom-up and top-down control of dispersal across major organismal groups
In a coordinated distributed dispersal experiment involving seven laboratories, the authors show that both top-down predation risk and bottom-up resource limitation increase emigration rates across 21 species ranging from protozoa to vertebrates.
#1171
2018-11-05
生物多样性
A global test of ecoregions
Data from more than 200 million observations of plants, animals and fungi provide support for the concept that terrestrial biodiversity patterns reflect distinct ecoregions.
#1172
2018-11-05
生态系统
Wind farms have cascading impacts on ecosystems across trophic levels
In the Western Ghats of India, the presence of wind farms is found to reduce the abundance and activity of predatory birds, with the associated effect of increasing the density of lizard prey and altering lizard behaviour and physiology.
#1173
2018-11-05
进化生物
China’s tuberculosis epidemic stems from historical expansion of four strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosis
Analysis of 4,578 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates reveals the evolutionary history of the four tuberculosis genotypes in China, from emergence 1,000 years ago to expansion, population peaks and, more recently, dominance of the indigenous sublineage L2.3.
#1174
2018-11-05
生物多样性
A plant biodiversity effect resolved to a single chromosomal region
A major effect locus is identified that contributes to overyielding when two different accessions ofArabidopsis thalianaare grown together, suggesting a simple genetic basis for the positive effects of biodiversity on community functioning.
#1175
2018-10-29
气候变化
Change in dominance determines herbivore effects on plant biodiversity
Evidence synthesized from 252 large-herbivore exclusion studies suggests that herbivore-induced change in dominance, independent of site productivity or precipitation, best predicts herbivore effects on biodiversity in grassland and savannah sites.
#1176
2018-10-29
气候变化
Fossil herbivore stable isotopes reveal middle Pleistocene hominin palaeoenvironment in ‘Green Arabia’
Stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of mammal teeth associated with stone tools and cut-marked bone dated to between 300,000 and 500,000 years ago reveals that, at the time of the earliest-known hominin presence, the Arabian peninsula was home to productive grasslands similar to modern-day African savannahs.
#1177
2018-10-29
生态系统
The use and domestication ofTheobroma cacaoduring the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon
Evidence from starch grains, theobromine residues and ancient DNA demonstrate cacao use in the upper Amazon circa 5,300 years ago. This is earlier than previous evidence for cacao domestication in Mesoamerica.
#1178
2018-10-29
古生物
Plant fossils reveal major biomes occupied by the late Miocene Old-World Pikermian fauna
Terrestrial mammalian fossils have previously reconstructed a single cohesive late Miocene savannah biome across Eurasia and Africa. Here, palaeobotanical data tell a different story, pointing instead to mixed forest biomes across the same region. The results emphasize the need to use both palaeofaunal and palaeobotanical data in reconstructing past environments.
#1179
2018-10-22
进化生物
Towards reconstructing the ancestral brain gene-network regulating caste differentiation in ants
Ant colonies include reproductive queens and sterile workers. Based on brain transcriptomes from five ant species, the authors identify an ancestral gene network for caste differentiation that has been modified over time as ant societies evolved.
#1180
2018-10-22
进化生物
Clade-specific diversification dynamics of marine diatoms since the Jurassic
DNA metabarcoding data from theTaraOceans expedition are combined with palaeoenvironmental data and phylogenetic models of diversification to analyse the diversity dynamics of marine diatoms since the Jurassic period.
#1181
2018-10-22
气候变化
Isotopic evidence for oligotrophication of terrestrial ecosystems
Foliar nitrogen (N) concentrations and isotope ratios obtained from >43,000 samples acquired over 37 years suggest global declines in N supply relative to plant demand, consistent with elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide.
#1182
2018-10-22
进化生物
Phylogenetic patterns and phenotypic profiles of the species of plants and mammals farmed for food
Phylogenetic distribution and phenotypic traits of livestock and crops reveal that domesticated species explore a reduced portion of the phenotypic space occupied by their wild counterparts and have particular traits in common.
#1183
2018-10-15
海洋
Demosponge steroid biomarker 26-methylstigmastane provides evidence for Neoproterozoic animals
26-methylstigmastane, a new fossil sterane biomarker sourced from demosponges, evidences Precambrian animals in marine shelf settings.
#1184
2018-10-08
生态系统
Coexistence theory and the frequency-dependence of priority effects
Priority effects refer to changes in the diversity, composition or function of a community according to the arrival order of species. Here, the authors show that only effects that are compatible with coexistence theory are characterized by positive frequency-dependence.
#1185
2018-10-08
进化生物
Adaptive transcription-splicing resynchronization upon losing an essential splicing factor
The loss of an essential gene may promote genome evolution. Here, the authors show that fitness of yeast cells that have lost an essential splicing factor can be restored by compensatory mutations that alter the splicing machinery or a transcription co-activator complex.
#1186
2018-10-08
生态系统
Early neurogenomic response associated with variation in guppy female mate preference
Female preference is associated with male colour in the Trinidadian guppy. By comparing gene expression patterns in the brains of females with and without preference for colourful males while they evaluate males, the authors identify neurogenomic elements associated with female preference.
#1187
2018-10-08
进化生物
Shark genomes provide insights into elasmobranch evolution and the origin of vertebrates
Genomic resources for cartilaginous fishes are scarce. Here, the authors sequence the genome of three sharks and provide insights on the molecular basis of adaptation to underwater lifestyle and the evolutionary origins of vertebrates.
#1188
2018-10-08
进化生物
Functional shifts in microbial mats recapitulate early Earth metabolic transitions
Microbial mats in extreme environments are analogues of Precambrian ecosystems. Here, the authors analyse metagenomes of microbial mats from a pond along a steep redox gradient and apply a space-for-time approach to infer early Earth metabolic transitions.
#1189
2018-10-01
生态系统
Personality shapes pair bonding in a wild bird social system
How and why individuals of the same species may differ in the way they form pair bonds is not well understood. The authors show that the individual personalities of male great tits (Parus major) regulate how quickly they meet their future partner, and the rate at which they bond with them.
#1190
2018-10-01
进化生物
Rapid sex-specific evolution of age at maturity is shaped by genetic architecture in Atlantic salmon
Age at maturity in Atlantic salmon has been associated with a single locus with sex-specific effects. Here, the authors show rapid evolution towards early maturity in males of a large salmon population induced by sex-specific selection during sea migration.
#1191
2018-09-24
气候变化
Macroevolutionary shift in the size of amphibian genomes and the role of life history and climate
Comparative quantitative analysis of factors shaping genome size evolution in amphibians reveals multiple (but rare) jumps in size against a background of gradual, time-dependent evolution.
#1192
2018-09-24
生物多样性
Ecosystem scale trade-off in nitrogen acquisition pathways
A global-scale synthesis reveals how nitrogen resorption and mineralization interact to influence the biogeography of nitrogen conservation and acquisition in different biomes.
#1193
2018-09-24
进化生物
Divergence and plasticity shape adaptive potential of the Pacific oyster
Adaptive differentiation is poorly understood in marine systems. Here, the authors combine genome sequencing with gene expression and physiology to show that genetic divergence and plasticity contribute to local adaptation of Pacific oyster populations.
#1194
2018-09-21
进化生物
Emergence of evolutionarily stable communities through eco-evolutionary tunnelling
Most models for evolutionarily stable states assume that mutations are rare enough that ecological dynamics equilibrate between mutations. Here, it is shown that a higher mutation rate allows the system to tunnel to complex ESS that would otherwise be unreachable via single mutations.
#1195
2018-09-17
海洋
High ecological complexity in benthic Ediacaran communities
Rank abundance distribution models reveal that Ediacaran ecological communities were highly complex, probably including species competing for different resources and/or creating niches for other species.
#1196
2018-09-17
生态系统
Seasonal abundance and survival of North America’s migratory avifauna determined by weather radar
Data from 143 weather radars provide an estimate of biomass flows from nocturnal migrating birds across the continental United States, providing a picture of survival rates for species with different life-history and migratory strategies.
#1197
2018-09-10
生态系统
A plant–microbe interaction framework explaining nutrient effects on primary production
A stoichiometric framework predicts the contrasting results of nutrient effects on primary production, with predicted responses supported by a meta-analysis of N–P fertilization experiments.
#1198
2018-09-10
生态系统
Incipient de novo genes can evolve from frozen accidents that escaped rapid transcript turnover
Growing evidence suggests that de novo genes originating from noncoding DNA are common. Here the authors show that while open reading frames pervasively emerge from noncoding sequences, most are lost; nevertheless a few can be translated and give rise to new protein-coding genes.
#1199
2018-09-10
气候变化
Global change in marine aquaculture production potential under climate change
Marine aquaculture is a rapidly growing global source of food, but is likely to be affected by climate change. Here, the effect of warming oceans on the production potential of 180 cultured finfish and bivalve species is mapped over the next century.
#1200
2018-09-10
进化生物
Evolutionary potential of transcription factors for gene regulatory rewiring
Gene regulatory networks evolve through changes in regulatory connections. Combining experiments and thermodynamic modelling, the authors show that intrinsic binding characteristics of repressors are important determinants for their evolutionary potential.
#1201
2018-09-03
生态系统
Individual- and population-level drivers of consistent foraging success across environments
Whether individual behaviours remain consistent across environments is unclear. Here the authors show that guppies translocated into different environments consistently differ in their ability to acquire food resources, which is also modified by sociality and sex.
#1202
2018-09-03
海洋
The political biogeography of migratory marine predators
Daily location data on the individuals of 14 migratory marine species from 2000 to 2009 allow annual migratory cycles to be mapped to the time spent in the high seas and the exclusive economic zones of specific countries, providing a basis for international management strategies for these species.
#1203
2018-09-03
进化生物
The long-term ecology and evolution of marine reptiles in a Jurassic seaway
The teeth of Mesozoic marine reptiles are used to establish a dietary guild system for the species of the Jurassic Sub-Boreal Seaway over about 18 million years, revealing that niche partition and spatial distribution that varied following sea depth enabled species coexistence, as with marine faunas today.
#1204
2018-09-03
进化生物
Predation shapes the evolutionary traits of cervid weapons
Sexually selected traits primarily drive reproductive success, but their secondary functions are less well studied. Here, the authors show that antler retention among male elk involves a trade-off between predator deterrence and reproductive success in the next breeding season.
#1205
2018-08-31
进化生物
The evolutionary landscape of colorectal tumorigenesis
Genome sequence data from colorectal tumours show how adenomas progress to carcinomas on the fitness landscape.
#1206
2018-08-27
进化生物
Sustainable replication and coevolution of cooperative RNAs in an artificial cell-like system
Long-term replication experiments using two RNA molecules that must cooperate to replicate reveals a concentration range within which cooperation is maintained even in the presence of a parasitic RNA.
#1207
2018-08-27
进化生物
Multiple facets of biodiversity drive the diversity–stability relationship
Analysing data from 39 grassland biodiversity experiments, the authors uncover the direct and indirect contributions to ecosystem stability of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional trait diversity.
#1208
2018-08-27
古生物
Partial genomic survival of cave bears in living brown bears
Palaeogenomic data from four Late Pleistocene cave bears reveals that cave bears admixed with brown bears in the Pleistocene epoch, and despite cave bears going extinct during the Last Glacial Maximum, extant brown bears maintain a genomic contribution from cave bears.
#1209
2018-08-27
气候变化
The influence of soil communities on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration
Using a model derived from metabolic theory, the authors identify the contributions of soil biota metabolism, community composition and heterotrophic activity to soil respiration. The approach accurately predicts variation in respiration with mean annual temperature (MAT) across five biomes.
#1210
2018-08-20
进化生物
Integrated genomic and fossil evidence illuminates life’s early evolution and eukaryote origin
Molecular clock analyses calibrated with fossil material reveal a new timescale of early life.
#1211
2018-08-13
气候变化
Climate sensitive size-dependent survival in tropical trees
Data from 2 million individual trees spanning 1,781 species reveal that tropical forests can be grouped into four size-dependent life-history survival modes, the application of which in demographic simulations predicts biomass change.
#1212
2018-08-13
进化生物
Caelestiventus hansenigen. et sp. nov. extends the desert-dwelling pterosaur record back 65 million years
A new species of Late Triassic pterosaur,Caelestiventus hanseni, predates all other known desert pterosaurs by 65 million years, showing that from an early point in their evolution, pterosaurs were widely geographically distributed and capable of dwelling in harsh environments.
#1213
2018-08-13
生态系统
Breakdown of brain–body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals
Analysing >20,000 specimens from >4,500 species, the authors reveal an exceptional pattern of brain–body allometry among birds and mammals, consistent with the hypothesis that they have relaxed allometric constraints compared to other jawed vertebrates.
#1214
2018-08-13
生态系统
Coupling of ecosystem-scale plant water storage and leaf phenology observed by satellite
Low-frequency vegetation optical depth (L-VOD) sensing reveals global patterns of seasonal variations in ecosystem-scale plant water storage and relationships with leaf phenology; results vary between tropical and temperate–boreal zones.
#1215
2018-08-06
进化生物
A western Sahara centre of domestication inferred from pearl millet genomes
Whole genome data for 221 geo-referenced cultivated and wild accessions of pearl millet reveals their domestication centre in the western Sahara, 4,900 years ago.
#1216
2018-08-06
生态系统
Past and potential future effects of habitat fragmentation on structure and stability of plant–pollinator and host–parasitoid networks
Analysing the structure of both plant–pollinator and host–parasitoid networks in calcareous grasslands, the authors reveal scale-dependent responses to habitat fragmentation in the structure and stability of different network types.
#1217
2018-08-06
生态系统
Waves of endemic foot-and-mouth disease in eastern Africa suggest feasibility of proactive vaccination approaches
A study of foot-and-mouth disease in Tanzanian livestock and buffalo populations identifies waves spreading through cattle herds across the region, and economic impacts to rural communities that could be alleviated by targeted vaccination.
#1218
2018-08-06
进化生物
Red fox genome assembly identifies genomic regions associated with tame and aggressive behaviours
Long-term selective breeding has produced strains of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) with different behaviours. Here, the authors sequence the genomes of tame and aggressive strains to uncover the genetic regions that have responded to selection for behaviour.
#1219
2018-08-03
进化生物
The molecular genetic basis of herbivory between butterflies and their host plants
Combining parallel genome-wide association studies from both host plant (Arabidopsis thaliana) and insect herbivore (Pieris rapae) perspectives, plus a comparative analysis across diverse butterfly/plant systems, the authors identify core genes involved in herbivory.
#1220
2018-07-31
进化生物
The nature of aspidin and the evolutionary origin of bone
The nature of aspidin, the most primitive bone-like tissue, is controversial. Here, the authors show that aspidin is acellular dermal bone, suggesting that early vertebrates possessed a full repertoire of skeletal tissue types.
#1221
2018-07-30
生态系统
Frequency-dependent feedback constrains plant community coexistence
Outlining a framework based on a generalized plant–soil feedback model, the authors show that negative frequency-dependent feedback is necessary for the persistence of whole plant communities, and establish a quantitative metric for the strength of feedback needed for coexistence.
#1222
2018-07-30
进化生物
Evolution of facilitation requires diverse communities
More diverse plant communities show increasing productivity through time. Here, the authors show that evolutionary selection for facilitative interactions occurs only in mixtures, whereas selection for reduced competition occurs in both monocultures and mixtures.
#1223
2018-07-30
进化生物
Bacterial diversification through geological time
Reconstructing bacterial diversity dynamics from phylogenies, the authors estimate that there are about 1.4–1.9 million extant bacterial lineages and that diversity has been continuously increasing over the past 1 billion years, although most lineages to have inhabited Earth are now extinct.
#1224
2018-07-30
进化生物
Arrest of sex-specific adaptation during the evolution of sexual dimorphism inDrosophila
Sex-discordant selection causes intralocus sexual conflict as different alleles are favoured in each sex. Here, the authors show that the evolution of body size dimorphism—a trait with strong correlation between males and females—is arrested inDrosophilafor many generations due to intralocus sexual conflict.
#1225
2018-07-23
进化生物
Gene exchange drives the ecological success of a multi-host bacterial pathogen
A population-genomic analysis of more than 800 isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus, representing the breadth of host-species diversity, reveals details of the pathogen’s evolutionary trajectory, including how this has been influenced by animal domestication and antibiotic use.
#1226
2018-07-16
古生物
Ecological consequences of post-Columbian indigenous depopulation in the Andean–Amazonian corridor
Palaeoenvironmental analysis reveals the ecological history of the Andean–Amazonian corridor, where European colonization resulted in depopulation, land-use decline and forest succession such that by the nineteenth century the region came to be seen as a pristine natural environment.
#1227
2018-07-16
气候变化
Patchy field sampling biases understanding of climate change impacts across the Arctic
Analysing a database of >1,800 field studies in the terrestrial Arctic, the authors identify large spatial biases in sampling, with nearly one-third of all citations derived from sites located within 50 km of two research stations.
#1228
2018-07-16
生态系统
Logarithmic scales in ecological data presentation may cause misinterpretation
Logarithmic scales are frequently used in ecological data display, but the degree to which they are understood is not clear. Here, the authors survey members of the Ecological Society of America and find that only 56% of respondents correctly interpreted data presented on log–log axes.
#1229
2018-07-09
海洋
CO2emissions boost the benefits of crop production by farming damselfish
Damselfish ‘farm' plots of algae through weeding, territorial defence and fertilization. Here, the authors show that some damselfish populations take advantage of natural CO2vents to enhance their crop productivity and abundance.
#1230
2018-07-09
古生物
An early trend towards gigantism in Triassic sauropodomorph dinosaurs
A new sauropodomorph dinosaur taxon,Ingentia prima, and new lessemsaurid fossils from the Late Triassic of Argentina, reveal a distinctive and early pathway towards gigantism, 30 million years before the first eusauropods appeared.
#1231
2018-07-09
生态系统
Drug-mediated metabolic tipping between antibiotic resistant states in a mixed-species community
Single-species antibiotic dose response is a poor predictor of multi-species community dynamics because it cannot foresee the tipping points that cause irreversible changes in resistance that persist even when treatment stops.
#1232
2018-07-09
生态系统
Personal and transgenerational cues are nonadditive at the phenotypic and molecular level
Experimental work in juvenile threespine sticklebacks shows that offspring from a single clutch display the same phenotypic and molecular responses to information on predation risk when this information is conveyed through paternal cues or personal experience.
#1233
2018-07-09
进化生物
Genomic signatures of mitonuclear coevolution across populations ofTigriopus californicus
Comparative genomics of eight populations of the copepodTigriopus californicusreveals extreme mtDNA divergence and rapid protein evolution as well as positive selection in genes predicted to interact with mtDNA, which suggests mitonuclear coevolution.
#1234
2018-07-09
生态系统
Coexistence of many species in random ecosystems
Analysing a model of randomly interacting species, the authors show that stable, biodiverse communities can be achieved in which network structure has little influence.
#1235
2018-07-09
气候变化
Concordant divergence of mitogenomes and a mitonuclear gene cluster in bird lineages inhabiting different climates
Mitonuclear interactions can promote population divergence. Here, the authors find a genomic cluster of differentiation and signatures of selection in a region with an over-representation of nuclear genes that interact with mitochondrial genes in a songbird.
#1236
2018-07-09
进化生物
Morphological novelty emerges from pre-existing phenotypic plasticity
Phenotypic plasticity may play a role in initiating novelty. This study provides evidence for selection on phenotypic plasticity leading to the evolution of a carnivore morph tadpole, which allowed spadefoot toads to invade a new niche.
#1237
2018-07-02
进化生物
The evolutionary road from wild moth to domestic silkworm
Genetic sequencing of 137 silkworm strains enables reconstruction of silkworm domestication history and identifies key genes involved in silk production, circadian rhythms, as well as candidate genes associated with breeding traits.
#1238
2018-07-02
进化生物
Multinucleotide mutations cause false inferences of lineage-specific positive selection
The branch-site test is commonly used to identify genes under positive selection. Here, the authors show that multinucleotide mutations can lead to false signatures of positive selection when using this test and develop a model that ameliorates the problem.
#1239
2018-06-25
生态系统
The utility of height for the Ediacaran organisms of Mistaken Point
At the Ediacaran site of Mistaken Point, spatial analyses reveal that height is not driven by resource competition, but rather dispersal.
#1240
2018-06-25
进化生物
Early metazoan cell type diversity and the evolution of multicellular gene regulation
Analysis of cell-type-specific transcription in non-bilaterian animals provides insight into the evolution of the gene regulatory networks that underlie metazoan cell types.
#1241
2018-06-25
生态系统
Social tipping points in animal societies in response to heat stress
A model of how behaviour in animal societies can shift states is tested in social spiders. Colony size and personality composition determine the timing and ability of a group to recover from such state shifts.
#1242
2018-06-25
进化生物
The rate of facultative sex governs the number of expected mating types in isogamous species
While most sexually reproducing organisms with gametes of similar morphology have two mating types, some species have many. Here, the authors use a theoretical model to show that the distribution of mating type numbers can be explained by mutation rate, population size and the rate of sex.
#1243
2018-06-25
生态系统
Childhood ecology influences salivary testosterone, pubertal age and stature of Bangladeshi UK migrant men
A comparative study of Bangladeshi men who had migrated to the United Kingdom as children or adults and British men of European origin finds that male reproductive function is independent of ethnic origin but is plastic until late childhood and influenced by early ecological conditions.
#1244
2018-06-25
进化生物
Experimental evidence for rapid genomic adaptation to a new niche in an adaptive radiation
Adaptation to a new niche results in reduced genetic variation and the ability of derived populations to adapt to new environments is unclear. Here, the authors show rapid adaptive genomic change in a derived ecotype in the adaptive radiation of threespine stickleback.
#1245
2018-06-25
生态系统
Evidence for close-range hunting by last interglacial Neanderthals
Experimental archaeological ballistic modelling suggests that lesions on 120,000-year-old deer skeletons from Neumark-Nord, Germany, were caused by close-range use of thrusting spears on the part of Neanderthals.
#1246
2018-06-18
气候变化
Local management actions can increase coral resilience to thermally-induced bleaching
Experimental removal of corallivorous snails from corals in the Caribbean Sea shows that this local management action can improve coral resilience to severe warming through reducing bleaching severity and post-bleaching tissue mortality.
#1247
2018-06-18
海洋
Ubiquitous abundance distribution of non-dominant plankton across the global ocean
Analysing data from theTaraOceans expedition, the authors show that the abundance distributions of non-dominant marine microbial eukaryotes are characterized by a power-law decay, the exponent of which varies by less than 10% across the global ocean.
#1248
2018-06-18
进化生物
Tempo and timing of ecological trait divergence in bird speciation
It is unclear whether biodiversity evolves gradually or in rapid bursts associated with speciation. Here, the authors show that patterns of avian trait divergence are not gradual and that early pulses of trait divergence promote subsequent transitions to sympatry.
#1249
2018-06-18
进化生物
Environmental coupling of heritability and selection is rare and of minor evolutionary significance in wild populations
Environmental change affects both heritability and selection, but how the two co-vary is less well understood. Compiling a multi-taxa dataset from open repositories, the authors find only weak evidence for coupling among wild populations.
#1250
2018-06-18
进化生物
The macroecological dynamics of species coexistence in birds
Combining phylogenetic, morphological and environmental data on range overlap among 1,115 pairs of bird species, the authors show that coexistence is best explained by a model integrating both dispersal-assembly and niche-assembly processes.
#1251
2018-05-28
生态系统
Legume abundance along successional and rainfall gradients in Neotropical forests
Data from 42 chronosequence sites show a geater abundance of legumes in seasonally dry forests than in wet forests, particularly during early secondary succession, probably owing to legumes’ nitrogen-fixing ability and reduced leaflet size.
#1252
2018-05-28
进化生物
An epigenetic mechanism for cavefish eye degeneration
Loss of eyes is a common feature of cave-adapted animals such as the blind cave morphs ofAstyanax mexicanus. Here, the authors show that DNA methylation mediates eye-specific gene repression and globally regulates early eye development inA. mexicanus.
#1253
2018-05-28
进化生物
Division of labour and the evolution of extreme specialization
Division of labour is common in social groups from microbes to animals. Here, the authors show that natural selection favours extreme specialization, suggesting that division of labour may drive major evolutionary transitions.
#1254
2018-05-28
微生物
A bacteriophage enzyme induces bacterial metabolic perturbation that confers a novel promiscuous function
Screening reveals that the bacteriophage-encoded enzyme S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) hydrolase rescues isoleucine-deficientEscherichia coliby reducing bacterial SAM levels, resulting in derepression of the promiscuous bacterial enzyme MetB.
#1255
2018-05-21
古生物
The palaeoecological context of the Oldowan–Acheulean in southern Africa
Multi-proxy data from Wonderwerk Cave reveal that both C3and C4grasses and prolonged wetlands formed major components of Early Pleistocene hominin palaeoenvironments in southern Africa, with regional trends distinct from contemporary ones in eastern Africa.
#1256
2018-05-21
生物多样性
Global mismatch of policy and research on drivers of biodiversity loss
An evidence map of global biodiversity loss research over the past decade suggests foci do not match predicted severity and impact, and that research and policy need to be realigned.
#1257
2018-05-21
进化生物
Pervasive introgression facilitated domestication and adaptation in theBosspecies complex
Genome sequences ofBosspecies are sequenced and compared to determine their phylogeny and evolutionary history. Introgression pathways for genes under domestication selection are identified.
#1258
2018-05-14
进化生物
Plant spectral diversity integrates functional and phylogenetic components of biodiversity and predicts ecosystem function
A new method for measuring plant biodiversity based on spectral reflectance profiles captures variation in productivity comparable to that of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity.
#1259
2018-05-14
生态系统
Origin and maintenance of chemical diversity in a species-rich tropical tree lineage
A high frequency and abundance of secondary metabolites associated with defence against >230 insect herbivore species suggests that generalist herbivores play a crucial role in shaping plant chemical diversity among Amazonian Protieae trees.
#1260
2018-05-07
生态系统
Energy efficiency drives the global seasonal distribution of birds
Using a spatially explicit mechanistic model, the authors show that the distribution of all terrestrial bird species across the world is driven by an optimal balance between energy acquisition and energy expenditure.
#1261
2018-05-07
进化生物
Evolution of invasiveness by genetic accommodation
Invasion of novel environments by the perennial sunflowerHelianthus tuberosusis facilitated by a plastic response of clonality to water availability, in line with the theory of genetic accommodation.
#1262
2018-04-23
生态系统
Native iron reduces CO2to intermediates and end-products of the acetyl-CoA pathway
The acetyl-CoA pathway is the most ancient CO2fixation pathway in nature. Here, the authors show that metals selectively reduce CO2to the intermediates and end-products of the acetyl-CoA pathway, which is consistent with a prebiotic origin of this pathway.
#1263
2018-04-23
进化生物
The ash dieback invasion of Europe was founded by two genetically divergent individuals
The fungal pathogenHymenoscyphus fraxineusis killing European common ash trees. Here, the authors sequence the genome ofH. fraxineusand show that European populations were founded by two divergent haploid individuals introduced from Asia.
#1264
2018-04-23
进化生物
Identifying and exploiting genes that potentiate the evolution of antibiotic resistance
The ability to evolve resistance to the antibiotic ceftazidime is shown to vary across thePseudomonasgenus because the AmpR global transcriptional regulator potentiates evolution. Blocking this pathway can eliminate pathogenic strains before they evolve resistance.
#1265
2018-04-23
生态系统
Monogamous sperm storage and permanent worker sterility in a long-lived ambrosia beetle
Analysis of the life history and habitat of the ambrosia beetleAustroplatypus incompertusreveals strict monogamy and lifetime sperm storage as precursors to eusociality in this coleopteran species.
#1266
2018-04-23
生态系统
Tritrophic phenological match–mismatch in space and time
Most work on phenological mismatch has focused on temporal trends only. Here, the authors analyse trends in spatial and temporal mismatch between trees, caterpillars and birds in the UK, and find delayed phenology of all species with increasing latitude and little spatial variation in the magnitude of mismatch between caterpillars and birds.
#1267
2018-04-23
进化生物
Multi-environment fitness landscapes of a tRNA gene
Fitness landscapes describe the fitness of each genotype in a given environment. Here, the authors determine fitness landscapes of a yeast tRNA gene in four environments and show simple genotype-by-environment patterns that can easily be extrapolated to a new environment.
#1268
2018-04-16
微生物
Ecological suicide in microbes
Many organisms can modify habitats for their own benefit, but some may also do so in non-beneficial ways. Here, the authors report an extreme example in soil bacteria in which modification of environmental pH at high population densities leads to population extinction.
#1269
2018-04-09
生态系统
Homo sapiensin Arabia by 85,000 years ago
A directly datedHomo sapiensphalanx from the Nefud desert reveals human presence in the Arabian Peninsula before 85,000 years ago. This represents the earliest date forH. sapiensoutside Africa and the Levant.
#1270
2018-04-09
进化生物
The evolution of immunity in relation to colonization and migration
A reconstruction of the colonization history of 1,311 Afro-Palaearctic songbird species, combined with comparisons of MHC-I genetic diversity, suggests that changes in pathogen pressure during colonization and migration have shaped immunity.
#1271
2018-04-09
进化生物
Supraorbital morphology and social dynamics in human evolution
Virtual manipulation of the archaic hominin specimen Kabwe 1’s browridge and biting simulations reveal a limited spatial and biomechanical role, opening up the possibility that the hominin supraorbital region was co-opted for social signalling after facial reduction and morphological changes in the frontal bone.
#1272
2018-04-09
气候变化
Satellite passive microwaves reveal recent climate-induced carbon losses in African drylands
Low-frequency passive microwave data (L-VOD) allow quantification of biomass change in sub-Saharan Africa between 2010 and 2016, revealing climate-induced carbon losses, particularly in drylands.
#1273
2018-04-09
进化生物
Multicopy plasmids allow bacteria to escape from fitness trade-offs during evolutionary innovation
Trade-offs are common during evolutionary innovation. Here, the authors show that multicopy plasmids allow coexistence of the ancestral and evolved alleles in the TEM-1 β-lactamase system, helping bacteria to escape evolutionary constraints imposed by trade-offs.
#1274
2018-04-02
微生物
Gene transfers can date the tree of life
Inferring ages of microbial lineages is particularly challenging due to a lack of fossil records for these organisms. Here, the authors show that lateral gene transfer can be used to date the tree of life.
#1275
2018-04-02
气候变化
Horizontal gene transfer constrains the timing of methanogen evolution
Microbial methanogenesis during the Archaean eon may explain the high temperatures needed to support a liquid hydrosphere. Here, the authors find support for methanogenesis predating the Archaean by analysing horizontal gene transfer events between methanogenic Archaea and Cyanobacteria.
#1276
2018-04-02
海洋
Hagfish and lampreyHoxgenes reveal conservation of temporal colinearity in vertebrates
Hoxgenes play a fundamental role in vertebrate development. Here, the authors show that, like in jawed vertebrates, in cyclostomes the onset ofHoxgene expression is determined by their position in theHoxgene cluster.
#1277
2018-04-02
生态系统
The spatial and temporal domains of modern ecology
Analysing the spatial and temporal extents of 348 ecological studies published between 2004 and 2014, the authors show that although the average study interval and extent has increased, resolution and duration have remained largely unchanged.
#1278
2018-03-26
气候变化
The resilience of postglacial hunter-gatherers to abrupt climate change
A high-resolution local palaeoclimatic archive is correlated to the early Holocene human behavioural record at the British Mesolithic site of Star Carr. Despite environmental stresses at this time, intensive human activity persisted over centuries, suggesting resilience to climate change.
#1279
2018-03-26
进化生物
The interplay of past diversification and evolutionary isolation with present imperilment across the amphibian tree of life
A phylogeny of nearly all extant amphibian species reveals biogeographic patterns of evolutionary distinctiveness and current threat exposure that will inform conservation strategies for these groups.
#1280
2018-03-26
进化生物
Altered access to beneficial mutations slows adaptation and biases fixed mutations in diploids
Adaptation in diploids is poorly understood. Here, the authors show a slower rate of adaptation and a shift towards adaptive dominant mutations in long-term experimental evolution of diploid strains of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae.
#1281
2018-03-19
海洋
Food web changes under ocean acidification promote herring larvae survival
An in situ mesocosm experiment finds enhanced survival of Atlantic herring larvae under projected end-of-century ocean-acidification conditions, which probably results from higher primary production in higher CO2levels.
#1282
2018-03-19
进化生物
Translation of neutrally evolving peptides provides a basis for de novo gene evolution
Genes can originate de novo from random non-coding DNA. Here, the authors identify a pool of young proteins in mice that are translated at significant levels and evolved in a neutral manner, and are putative precursors of de novo genes.
#1283
2018-03-19
海洋
Rapid and lasting gains from solving illegal fishing
Analysis of Indonesia’s recent push to aggressively police illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing demonstrates a cost-effective way to improve fisheries recovery while limiting the reduction of legal catch (and the subsequent impact on food supply and profit) that could be applied to other regions.
#1284
2018-03-12
生态系统
The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia
A Bayesian phylogeographic analysis of vocabulary from 306 Pama–Nyungan languages suggests that the language family rose to dominance across Australia in a process of rapid replacement following an origin in the Gulf Plains region during the mid-Holocene.
#1285
2018-03-12
进化生物
The demographic history and mutational load of African hunter-gatherers and farmers
High-coverage exomes from 300 central African hunter-gatherers and farmers reveal recent population trends and gene flow, as well as insight into the effects these trends have had on their respective mutational loads.
#1286
2018-03-12
进化生物
Explosive diversification of marine fishes at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary
Targeted enrichment of >1,000 ultraconserved elements and divergence time analysis resolves relationships among 120 major acanthomorph lineages and provides a new timescale for acanthomorph radiation in the wake of the K–Pg boundary.
#1287
2018-03-05
进化生物
Two million years of flaking stone and the evolutionary efficiency of stone tool technology
Stone tools are taken as signatures of hominin behavioural evolution, but we don’t know how exactly they conferred advantages in adaptation. Here a two-million-year dataset of stone flakes reassesses the evolutionary efficiency of this technology.
#1288
2018-03-05
进化生物
Genomics of habitat choice and adaptive evolution in a deep-sea fish
Little is known about the role of aquatic depth gradients in promoting intraspecific differentiation. Here, the authors present an annotated genome assembly of the roundnose grenadier, a deep-sea fish in which re-sequencing data indicate genotypic segregation by depth.
#1289
2018-03-05
生物多样性
Secondary foundation species enhance biodiversity
Secondary foundation species, such as epiphytes, form structurally complex habitats on primary foundation species. A meta-analysis shows that they significantly enhance the abundance and richness of inhabitants compared to primary foundation species alone.
#1290
2018-02-27
进化生物
Language continuity despite population replacement in Remote Oceania
Genome-wide data from ancient and modern individuals in Remote Oceania indicate population replacement but language continuity over the past 2,500 years. Papuan migrations led to almost complete genetic replacement of in situ East Asian-derived populations, but not replacement of Austronesian languages.
#1291
2018-02-26
生态系统
The large mean body size of mammalian herbivores explains the productivity paradox during the Last Glacial Maximum
Incorporating a grazing module into a global dynamic vegetation model allows the effects of large herbivores to be accounted for. This revised model is applied to conditions in the present and during the Last Glacial Maximum.
#1292
2018-02-19
进化生物
Hologenomic adaptations underlying the evolution of sanguivory in the common vampire bat
The common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) is one of only three obligate blood-feeding mammals. By sequencing both its genome and gut metagenome, the authors provide a holistic view of the evolutionary adaptations that underlie this unusual diet.
#1293
2018-02-19
生态系统
Gene duplicates resolving sexual conflict rapidly evolved essential gametogenesis functions
The paralogues of a gene duplication specific toDrosophila melanogasterare shown to be essential for male and female gametogenesis, respectively, and to suppress fertility of the opposite sex.
#1294
2018-02-19
进化生物
Gene-based predictive models of trophic modes suggest Asgard archaea are not phagocytotic
Gene-based predictive models of trophic modes reveal the Asgard archaea are not phagocytotic, and suggest instead that the origin of phagocytosis required an ancestral archaeal input of cytoskeleton components, a suite of bacterial proteins centred around calcium signalling, and a certain degree of innovation.
#1295
2018-02-19
进化生物
Patterns of shared signatures of recent positive selection across human populations
Detecting selection events shared across human populations is challenging. Here, the authors identify overlapping and shared signatures of positive selection across human populations and connect shared targets of selection with potential biological mechanisms.
#1296
2018-02-12
进化生物
Rapid evolution of highly variable competitive abilities in a key phytoplankton species
Laboratory experiments have shown evolutionary adaptation of phytoplankton to ocean acidification. Here, it is shown that this adaptation is masked in field conditions by pleiotropic effects.
#1297
2018-02-12
进化生物
The factors driving evolved herbicide resistance at a national scale
A survey of black-grass occurrence and herbicide resistance on farms across the United Kingdom suggests that resistance drives weed density and that cyclical or combination herbicide application does not reduce resistance evolution.
#1298
2018-02-12
进化生物
Clonal polymorphism and high heterozygosity in the celibate genome of the Amazon molly
Asexual vertebrates are extremely rare. Here, the authors sequence the genome of the Amazon molly, an asexual fish, and find few signs of genetic degeneration but clonal polymorphism and high heterozygosity, which might explain the success of this species.
#1299
2018-02-05
进化生物
Cretaceous arachnidChimerarachne yingigen. et sp. nov. illuminates spider origins
A new Cretaceous arachnid fossil encased in Burmese amber sheds light on the evolution of spiders, as it preserves both primitive and derived features, suggestive of a basal Araneae position.
#1300
2018-02-05
古生物
Origin of spiders and their spinning organs illuminated by mid-Cretaceous amber fossils
Two further specimens ofChimerachne yangipreserved in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber shed light on the origin of spiders and the development of their spinning organs.
#1301
2018-02-05
进化生物
Clonal genome evolution and rapid invasive spread of the marbled crayfish
The marbled crayfish is an emerging invasive species in freshwater habitats. Here, the authors sequence the genome of the marbled crayfish and show that evolution of this decapod crustacean involved genome duplication, triploidy and clonal expansion.
#1302
2018-02-05
进化生物
Hemimetabolous genomes reveal molecular basis of termite eusociality
Eusociality evolved independently in Hymenoptera and in termites. Here, the authors sequence genomes of the German cockroach and a drywood termite and provide insights into the evolutionary signatures of termite eusociality.
#1303
2018-02-05
进化生物
Dinosaurs reveal the geographical signature of an evolutionary radiation
Here, a biogeographical model reconstructs ancestral locations of dinosaurs, revealing the spatial mechanisms underpinning their lengthy radiation process over 170 million years: initially rapid, movement slowed towards the time of their extinction.
#1304
2018-02-05
生态系统
Species co-occurrence analysis predicts management outcomes for multiple threats
Network analyses of species co-occurrence show that highly connected species are likely to benefit more from threat management, and that this information can be used to predict whole-community responses to threat mitigation regimes.
#1305
2018-01-29
进化生物
New Egyptian sauropod reveals Late Cretaceous dinosaur dispersal between Europe and Africa
A new titanosaurian sauropod,Mansourasaurus, is the most complete terrestrial vertebrate from the post-Cenomanian Cretaceous of the African mainland. Phylogenetic analyses reveal the existence of a titanosaurian clade inhabiting both Africa and Europe at this time and a faunal connection between the two continents.
#1306
2018-01-29
进化生物
The impact of endothermy on the climatic niche evolution and the distribution of vertebrate diversity
Combining distribution and phylogenetic data from fossils and contemporary records of 11,465 species of terrestrial vertebrates, the authors show that climatic niche shifts are significantly faster in endotherms than ectotherms.
#1307
2018-01-29
进化生物
Dynamic evolution of regulatory element ensembles in primate CD4+T cells
It is unclear how evolutionary changes at enhancers affect the transcription of target genes. Measuring nascent transcription in CD4+T cells in primates, the authors show that the effects of evolutionary changes in enhancers are buffered at the transcriptional level.
#1308
2018-01-29
生态系统
History and environment shape species pools and community diversity in European beech forests
A continent-wide analysis of community assembly in European beech forests shows different emphasis on historical or environmental effects on species pools across different scales.
#1309
2018-01-22
海洋
Molecular fossils from organically preserved Ediacara biota reveal cyanobacterial origin forBeltanelliformis
Organic preserved biomarkers in specimens ofBeltanelliformisreveal that these enigmatic members of the Ediacara biota were benthic colonial cyanobacteria.
#1310
2018-01-22
生态系统
Hook innovation boosts foraging efficiency in tool-using crows
Although New Caledonian crows are known to create hooked foraging tools in the wild, here the authors show that this allows them to forage more efficiently compared with when they use non-hooked tools.
#1311
2018-01-22
进化生物
A southern African origin and cryptic structure in the highly mobile plains zebra
Genome-wide data from all plains zebra subspecies reveal a population genetic structure at odds with morphology-based subspecies delineation, modern and ancient variation, and a probable southern African origin of all extant populations.
#1312
2018-01-22
气候变化
Potentially dangerous consequences for biodiversity of solar geoengineering implementation and termination
Geoengineering is a potential strategy to offset the effects of climate change. Using climate velocities to predict the effects on biodiversity shows particular risk from the abrupt termination of geoengineering.
#1313
2018-01-22
微生物
Community proteogenomics reveals the systemic impact of phosphorus availability on microbial functions in tropical soil
Metagenomic and metaproteomic analysis of soil from a 17-year tropical forest fertilization experiment supports the hypothesis that microbial communities respond to nutrient deficiency by enhancing the extraction of phosphorus from recalcitrant substrates.
#1314
2018-01-18
气候变化
A global perspective on the trophic geography of sharks
Carbon isotopic analysis reveals global biogeographic traits in shark trophic interactions, and sheds light on the diverse foraging behaviour of sharks.
#1315
2018-01-18
进化生物
Global priorities for conserving the evolutionary history of sharks, rays and chimaeras
Evolutionary distinctness is used as a metric to determine conservation priorities across all Chondrichthyes, identifying 21 countries with the highest richness, endemism and evolutionary distinctness of threatened species as targets.
#1316
2018-01-15
进化生物
Variation and constraints in hybrid genome formation
Hybridization is an important evolutionary process. Here, the authors study isolated populations of the hybrid Italian sparrow and identify several novel and fully functional hybrid genomic combinations that arose independently in different islands.
#1317
2018-01-15
进化生物
Ancient balancing selection on heterocyst function in a cosmopolitan cyanobacterium
Long-term maintenance of genetic polymorphism by balancing selection is rare. Here, the authors show that a polymorphism that impacts the physiology of nitrogen fixation has been maintained for tens of millions of years of diversification in a thermophilic cyanobacterium.
#1318
2018-01-15
生态系统
Genotypic variability enhances the reproducibility of an ecological study
A microcosm experiment replicated across 14 laboratories shows that deliberate inclusion of genetic variation enhances the reproducibility of an ecological study.
#1319
2018-01-15
生态系统
Sexual antagonism and the instability of environmental sex determination
Genetic sex determination (GSD) is more common in animals than environmental sex determination. Here, the authors show that the prevalence of GSD is due to the coupling of genes that bias offspring sex ratios towards one sex with genes that are beneficial in that sex but costly in the other.
#1320
2018-01-15
进化生物
Salmonella entericagenomes from victims of a major sixteenth-century epidemic in Mexico
Ancient DNA from victims of a sixteenth-century disease in Mexico suggests thatSalmonella entericaParatyphi C (enteric fever) was responsible for a devastating epidemic that closely followed European presence in the region.
#1321
2018-01-08
微生物
Phage–host population dynamics promotes prophage acquisition in bacteria with innate immunity
In individual bacteria, restriction–modification systems inhibit both lytic and lysogenic infection by bacteriophage. But at a population level, restriction–modification systems increase the probability of lysogeny by delaying infection onset.
#1322
2018-01-08
进化生物
Equal fitness paradigm explained by a trade-off between generation time and energy production rate
A theoretical model with supporting empirical evidence shows that plants, animals and microbes have approximately equal fitness due to a trade-off between generation time and production, constrained within biophysical boundaries.
#1323
2018-01-08
进化生物
Scientific aptitude better explains poor responses to teaching of evolution than psychological conflicts
Secondary school students in the United Kingdom with lower initial levels of acceptance of evolution show lower increases in understanding of evolution in response to teaching of the topic than those students with initially higher acceptance scores. These lower-acceptance students are more likely to be in teacher-stratified lower-ability classes and also have lower responses to teaching of genetics.
#1324
2018-01-01
进化生物
Evolutionary determinants of genome-wide nucleotide composition
Genome-wide nucleotide composition varies greatly among species. Here, the authors show that genomic G + C composition is driven by mutation bias but is also modified by natural selection or biased gene conversion.
#1325
2018-01-01
古生物
The rise and fall of the Old World savannah fauna and the origins of the African savannah biome
Savannah faunas developed in a spatially and temporally connected palaeobiome that flourished in the mid Miocene, before fragmenting into Eurasian and African branches in the late Miocene.
#1326
2017-12-18
生物多样性
Consistent effects of biodiversity loss on multifunctionality across contrasting ecosystems
Two long-term diversity manipulation experiments over an environmental gradient provide insights into how loss of biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning: the invariant consequences of biodiversity loss for multifunctionality; and the possibility that similar multifunctionality values across differing ecosystems may mask individual effects of biodiversity loss.
#1327
2017-12-18
海洋
An interplay between plasticity and parental phenotype determines impacts of ocean acidification on a reef fish
Biological responses to ocean acidification will depend on variation in tolerance and phenotypic plasticity over different timescales. This study of the spiny damselfish demonstrates the importance of parental variation and transgenerational effects in the response of fish to ocean acidification.
#1328
2017-12-18
海洋
Quantitative species-level ecology of reef fish larvae via metabarcoding
High-throughput metabarcoding of coral reef fish larvae from the Red Sea enables species-level reconstruction of the highly biodiverse larval community, and their spatio-temporal distribution and abundance.
#1329
2017-12-18
进化生物
Adaptation ofPlasmodium falciparumto its transmission environment
A transcriptomic analysis ofPlasmodium falciparumin infected children finds that parasites in areas of low transmission intensity invest more in transmission to new hosts (reproduction) and less in within-host replication (growth) than parasites in high-transmission areas.
#1330
2017-12-18
生态系统
Social transmission of avoidance among predators facilitates the spread of novel prey
Experiments with populations of great tits found that aposematic prey were avoided over cryptic species, not solely through individual experience, but based on observation of conspecifics’ experience tasting unpalatable prey.
#1331
2017-12-18
进化生物
The genetic basis and evolution of red blood cell sickling in deer
The sequences of human β-globin orthologues from 15 deer species were determined and used in protein structural modelling to identify a sickling mechanism that differs from that seen in erythrocytes in human sickle-cell disease.
#1332
2017-12-18
气候变化
Genomic basis and evolutionary potential for extreme drought adaptation inArabidopsis thaliana
The ability of a species to adapt to climate change depends on its genetic diversity. Here, based on the geographic distribution of genetic variants associated with drought resistance inArabidopsis thaliana, the authors predict the future genetic maladaptation of Central European populations.
#1333
2017-12-18
生态系统
Functional diversity and community assembly of river invertebrates show globally consistent responses to decreasing glacier cover
Analysing >1 million river invertebrates from nine biogeographic regions, the authors show that functional trait diversity increases consistently as glacier cover decreases.
#1334
2017-12-11
海洋
Abundance and richness of key Antarctic seafloor fauna correlates with modelled food availability
Combining data on sea-surface chlorophyll-awith a regional ocean model and diatom abundance from sediment grabs, the authors determine the strength of pelagic–benthic coupling across the George V region in East Antarctica.
#1335
2017-12-11
进化生物
Genome of the Tasmanian tiger provides insights into the evolution and demography of an extinct marsupial carnivore
The Tasmanian tiger is an extinct carnivorous marsupial. By sequencing the genome of a preserved specimen the authors show long-term population decline and reveal the genetic basis of the phenotypic convergence between Tasmanian tigers and canids.
#1336
2017-12-11
生态系统
Regulated hunting re-shapes the life history of brown bears
A 30-year monitoring study of brown bears in Sweden documents the demographic impact of regulated hunting, which includes pronounced life history changes despite sustainable management.
#1337
2017-12-11
古生物
Forest extent and deforestation in tropical Africa since 1900
Reconstructing forest extent in tropical Africa around 1900 based on empirical data from palaeo-proxies and historical maps, the authors show that deforestation rates have been substantially slower than suggested by modelled estimates alone.
#1338
2017-12-11
气候变化
Homogenization of lake cyanobacterial communities over a century of climate change and eutrophication
Analysis of sedimentary DNA from ten European lakes reveals that over the past 100 years cyanobacterial communities have become compositionally and phylogenetically more similar, in line with homogenization of lake environmental conditions.
#1339
2017-12-04
生态系统
A model for ‘sustainable’ US beef production
The US beef industry is regarded as environmentally unsustainable. Modelling a system where cattle subsist solely on grass and food industry by-products, the authors estimate that 45% of current production could be achieved without the use of any high quality cropland.
#1340
2017-12-04
进化生物
Social polymorphism is favoured by the co-evolution of dispersal with social behaviour
Dispersal and social behaviour co-evolve, yet their evolutionary consequences are unclear. Here, the authors show that linkage between the loci responsible for dispersal and social behaviour results in the emergence of social polymorphism.
#1341
2017-12-04
生态系统
Local loss and spatial homogenization of plant diversity reduce ecosystem multifunctionality
Analysis of 65 grasslands worldwide from the Nutrient Network experiment reveals that plant communities with higher α- and β-diversity have higher levels of ecosystem multifunctionality, and that this effect is amplified across scales.
#1342
2017-12-04
进化生物
Pan-arthropod analysis reveals somatic piRNAs as an ancestral defence against transposable elements
The widespread presence of somatic PIWI-interacting RNAs targeting transposable elements across the arthropod phylum suggests that this pathway was active in the last common ancestor of arthropods.
#1343
2017-12-04
生态系统
Foraging constraints reverse the scaling of activity time in carnivores
Mathematical modelling combined with activity-tracking data from 73 terrestrial carnivore species reveals positive scaling between body size and the proportion of active time devoted to foraging until around 5 kg, after which negative scaling occurs.
#1344
2017-12-04
进化生物
Nemertean and phoronid genomes reveal lophotrochozoan evolution and the origin of bilaterian heads
The authors sequence genomes of one nemertean and one phoronid and show that the two are closely related lophotrochozoans. Their data also support a common origin of bilaterian head patterning.
#1345
2017-12-04
生态系统
Climatic niche shifts are common in introduced plants
Here a large terrestrial plant species dataset reveals that in crossing continents, invasive plant species shift climatic niches much more commonly than previously thought.
#1346
2017-12-04
生态系统
The ecological importance of intraspecific variation
A meta-analysis comparing the ecological effects of variation within a species with the effects of species replacement or renewal shows that intraspecific effects may be comparable to, or sometimes stronger than, species effects.
#1347
2017-11-27
进化生物
Predation drives local adaptation of phenotypic plasticity
Genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity suggests local adaptation is possible. A multi-site, multi-trait experiment shows such adaptation driven by predation inDaphnia pulex.
#1348
2017-11-27
海洋
Global patterns in marine predatory fish
Latitudinal differences in the global distribution of pelagic and demersal teleost fish predators can be explained by the relative inflow of energy at the base of each food chain.
#1349
2017-11-27
海洋
Flow regime alteration degrades ecological networks in riparian ecosystems
Climatic change and human control over river flow are likely to affect aquatic species distributions. Here, the authors model alterations to natural flow regimes and show that even small modifications can have consequences for the structure of riparian plant networks.
#1350
2017-11-27
进化生物
Complexity and conservation of regulatory landscapes underlie evolutionary resilience of mammalian gene expression
Analysis of promoter and enhancer activity and levels of downstream transcripts in liver samples from 15 mammalian species finds an association between the complexity of the regulatory landscape and the evolutionary stability of gene expression.
#1351
2017-11-27
生物多样性
Biodiversity–multifunctionality relationships depend on identity and number of measured functions
Analysis of 82 indictors of ecosystem functioning at the Jena grassland biodiversity experiment shows that multifunctionality increases strongly with diversity, but depends on the number and identity of the functions considered.
#1352
2017-11-27
进化生物
Rapid morphological change of a top predator with the invasion of a novel prey
The bill and body size of the snail kite have significantly increased in the decade since invasion of its range by apple snails that are larger than the native prey. Greater survival of larger juveniles suggests that evolutionary change may be imminent.
#1353
2017-11-20
进化生物
The architecture of mutualistic networks as an evolutionary spandrel
Mathematical modelling suggests that nestedness and other features of mutualistic webs are spandrels resulting from the creation of diversity through speciation-divergence dynamics.
#1354
2017-11-20
进化生物
Tetrad analysis in plants and fungi finds large differences in gene conversion rates but no GC bias
GC-biased gene conversion has many implications for evolutionary genetics, but its prevalence is unknown. Here, direct sequencing of tetrads in four species shows large differences in gene-conversion rate but no evidence of overall GC bias.
#1355
2017-11-20
进化生物
Genomic consequences of intensive inbreeding in an isolated wolf population
Whole-genome resequencing of 97 wolves from a highly inbred population reveals complete homozygosity of entire chromosomes in many individuals and characterizes the genomic consequences of intensive inbreeding.
#1356
2017-11-13
气候变化
A mesic maximum in biological water use demarcates biome sensitivity to aridity shifts
Field, remote sensing and ecohydrological modelling estimates provide a framework to determine ecosystem sensitivity to climatic shifts, as well as expected patterns in the amount of precipitation that ecosystems can effectively use.
#1357
2017-11-13
生态系统
A test of the hierarchical model of litter decomposition
Accurate understanding of plant litter decomposition is vital to inform Earth system modelling. Here the dominant hierarchical model for plant litter decomposition is found to be wanting, and revisions are suggested.
#1358
2017-11-13
生态系统
The winter pack-ice zone provides a sheltered but food-poor habitat for larval Antarctic krill
Winter sea ice is thought to provide critical grazing habitat for overwintering Antarctic krill. In contrast, here the authors show that the pack-ice zone is a food-poor habitat, but does serve as an important sheltering ground for developing larvae.
#1359
2017-11-13
生态系统
100 articles every ecologist should read
Soliciting expert feedback from the editorial boards of seven ecology journals, the authors compile a list of the top 100 most highly recommended articles in the field of ecology.
#1360
2017-11-06
进化生物
Temporal niche expansion in mammals from a nocturnal ancestor after dinosaur extinction
Phylogenetic analysis of behavioural data across all living mammalian orders suggests the earliest mammals were nocturnal, and other modes such as cathemerality and strict diurnality did not arise until the end of the Cretaceous and early Cenozoic.
#1361
2017-11-06
进化生物
Haplotype selection as an adaptive mechanism in the protozoan pathogenLeishmania donovani
Leishmania donovaniis an important human pathogen. Here, the authors show that aneuploidy turnover and haplotype selection are two mechanisms by whichL. donovaniadapts to environmental fluctuations inside the mammalian host.
#1362
2017-11-06
生态系统
A global picture of biological invasion threat on islands
Islands are thought to be an area of high concern in terms of invasive species impact. Here a global, network-oriented analysis of invasive species on islands characterizes this threat.
#1363
2017-11-06
进化生物
A statistical estimator for determining the limits of contemporary and historic phenology
A statistical-estimators technique adapted from extinction research is shown to estimate accurately the timing of the onset and cessation of flowering, using sparsely sampled data from a variety of historical and contemporary sources.
#1364
2017-10-30
进化生物
Coat colour adaptation of post-glacial horses to increasing forest vegetation
Niche modelling and aDNA reveal increasing prevalence of black horses in post-glacial forests, suggesting they became increasingly adapted to these habitats.
#1365
2017-10-30
进化生物
Mosaic genome evolution in a recent and rapid avian radiation
Munias are small birds that underwent a rapid radiation in Papua New Guinea and Australia. Here, the authors show that the unique colouration of each species was generated by introgression and selection of ancestral genetic variation at a few relevant genes.
#1366
2017-10-30
进化生物
Expansion of TALE homeobox genes and the evolution of spiralian development
In spiralians (molluscs, annelids and platyhelminths), division of cells in the early embryo follows spiral geometry and cell fate is defined in early development. Here, the authors find spiralian-specific TALE genes that are essential for specifying cell fate.
#1367
2017-10-30
进化生物
Genome expansion and lineage-specific genetic innovations in the forest pathogenic fungiArmillaria
Fungi of the genusArmillariainclude devastating forest pathogens that cause root rot disease in many plants. Sequencing genomes and transcriptomes of several species, the authors reveal the genetic basis of dispersal, multicellular development and pathogenic mechanisms inArmillaria.
#1368
2017-10-23
气候变化
Thermal limits to the geographic distributions of shallow-water marine species
Assessing the relationship between sea temperature and distributional range for 1,790 shallow-water marine species, the authors find that realized thermal niches increase with latitude, despite decreases in geographic range size.
#1369
2017-10-23
进化生物
Sequence entropy of folding and the absolute rate of amino acid substitutions
Simulations of protein evolution under purifying selection for thermodynamic stability show that amino-acid substitution rates can be predicted from biophysical dynamics and epistatic interactions that result in near neutrality.
#1370
2017-10-23
生态系统
Self-regulation and the stability of large ecological networks
The stability of ecological networks depends on both inter- and intraspecific interactions. Here, the authors show that intraspecific self-regulation is a necessary feature for the stabilization of empirical and theoretical networks.
#1371
2017-10-23
进化生物
Frugivory-related traits promote speciation of tropical palms
A global species-level phylogeny of palm fruit size and species distributions reveals that frugivory-related traits in combination with geography and the movement behaviour of frugivores can influence the speciation of fleshy-fruited plants.
#1372
2017-10-23
进化生物
Phylogenetic evidence for mid-Cenozoic turnover of a diverse continental biota
Poor fossil records impede testing how Cenozoic climatic perturbations have affected the assembly of many regional biotas. Here, the authors use molecular phylogenetic data to show mid-Cenozoic restructuring of Australia’s lizards and snakes.
#1373
2017-10-16
进化生物
Frequency-dependent selection in vaccine-associated pneumococcal population dynamics
Accessory loci are shown to have similar frequencies in diverseStreptococcus pneumoniaepopulations, suggesting negative frequency-dependent selection drives post-vaccination population restructuring.
#1374
2017-10-16
微生物
Soil biota contributions to soil aggregation
The structuring of soil into distinct aggregates is a key element in biogeochemical cycling. Here, a meta-analysis reveals a strong positive effect of soil biota on soil aggregation, with the largest influence coming from bacteria and fungi.
#1375
2017-10-16
进化生物
The social and cultural roots of whale and dolphin brains
Cetaceans show a similar increase in brain size as is seen in human evolution. Here, this increase is shown to be linked to an expansion in the social and ecological niche.
#1376
2017-10-16
古生物
Herbivores increase the global availability of nutrients over millions of years
Nutrients important for plants were more abundant and evenly distributed in the Cretaceous period, probably due to the presence of large herbivorous dinosaurs, than in the Pennsylvanian subperiod, which had no tetrapod herbivores.
#1377
2017-10-09
生物多样性
The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation
The global distribution of nearly all extant reptile species reveals richness patterns that differ spatially from that of other taxa. Conservation prioritization should specifically consider reptile distributions, particularly lizards and turtles.
#1378
2017-10-09
古生物
Evidence for mid-Holocene rice domestication in the Americas
4,000-year-old phytoliths (plant microfossils) from the Monte Castelo shell mound (southwestern Amazonia) provide evidence for an independent rice domestication event in the Americas.
#1379
2017-10-09
进化生物
Measuring selection for genes that promote long life in a historical human population
Using a historical dataset, Moorad and Walling investigate possible selection for post-reproductive lifespan in humans, finding indirect selection favouring early-life fitness in both sexes, but none in females over 50.
#1380
2017-10-09
海洋
Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animals
Newly sequenced transcriptomes are combined with existing data to establish Ctenophora as the sister group to all other animals and suggest a radiation around 350 Ma as well as multiple transitions from a pelagic to a benthic lifestyle.
#1381
2017-10-09
气候变化
Mammal diversity influences the carbon cycle through trophic interactions in the Amazon
A high-diversity Amazonian system reveals the influence of mammalian diversity on the carbon cycle, mediated through vertebrate feeding events.
#1382
2017-10-02
进化生物
Diversity-dependent temporal divergence of ecosystem functioning in experimental ecosystems
Long-term grassland and forest experiments reveal that temporal strengthening in biodiversity functioning relationships is mainly driven by increases in functioning in high-diversity communities.
#1383
2017-10-02
进化生物
Migratory appendicular muscles precursor cells in the common ancestor to all vertebrates
The evolution of appendicular muscles in bony fishes and cartilaginous fishes remains unclear. Here, the authors show that migratory muscle precursor cells, known from bony fishes, are also present in catsharks.
#1384
2017-10-02
生态系统
Network structure embracing mutualism–antagonism continuums increases community robustness
Ecological interaction networks may fall on a continuum between mutualism and antagonism. Here, the authors show that community robustness increases when both the beneficial and detrimental effects of parrots feeding on plants is taken into account.
#1385
2017-10-02
气候变化
Velocity of change in vegetation productivity over northern high latitudes
Here the concept of climate-change velocity is used to explore whether northward displacement of vegetation will keep pace with temperature under climate change. Remote sensing data suggest it will not, possibly due to resource availability.
#1386
2017-10-02
生态系统
Metals promote sequences of the reverse Krebs cycle
The reverse Krebs cycle is a potential primordial anabolic pathway central to biochemistry. Here, the authors show that more than half of the cycle can be promoted by metals and metal ions without enzymes.
#1387
2017-09-25
生物多样性
Reassessing the conservation status of the giant panda using remote sensing
Despite recent IUCN downgrading of the giant panda’s conservation status from ‘endangered’ to ‘vulnerable’, new GIS and remote sensing data reveal panda habitats to cover less area and be more fragmented than previously.
#1388
2017-09-25
进化生物
Big brains stabilize populations and facilitate colonization of variable habitats in birds
The ability to cope with environmental variability is thought to be a major driver of brain-size evolution. Here, the authors show that cognitive capacity in birds may instead have pre-dated and facilitated the colonization of variable habitats.
#1389
2017-09-25
气候变化
Resistance of tropical seedlings to drought is mediated by neighbourhood diversity
Reduced competition for water among species in mixed tropical plant communities mediates community resistance to drought: weaker competition permits growth maintenance in drought, whereas stronger competition inhibits it.
#1390
2017-09-25
进化生物
Genomic adaptation to polyphagy and insecticides in a major East Asian noctuid pest
Genome of the tobacco cutworm,Spodoptera litura, which is one of the most widespread and destructive agricultural pests in tropical and subtropical Asia.
#1391
2017-09-25
进化生物
Demographically framing trade-offs between sensitivity and specificity illuminates selection on immunity
Immune systems face a trade-off between sensitivity and specificity when challenged by pathogens. Here, the authors use epidemiological tools to explore the evolution of optimal immune discrimination in relation to life-history strategy.
#1392
2017-09-25
进化生物
Constrained vertebrate evolution by pleiotropic genes
Basic anatomical patterns are conserved in chordates. Here, the authors show mid-embryonic conservation during vertebrates’ development and evolutionary constraints introduced by recruitment of mid-embryonic programmes to later stages of development.
#1393
2017-09-18
生态系统
Innately shorter vegetation periods in North American species explain native–non-native phenological asymmetries
Comparing 396 Northern Hemisphere woody plant species grown under identical conditions in a common garden, the authors show that eastern North American species have 11% shorter vegetation periods than their European and East Asian relatives.
#1394
2017-09-18
生态系统
Ecosystem accounts define explicit and spatial trade-offs for managing natural resources
Ecosystem accounts quantify trade-offs between the economy and the environment. Here, the authors apply this approach to a regional case study of native forest use to show how it can be used to inform policy about complex land management decisions.
#1395
2017-09-18
进化生物
Transgenerational selection driven by divergent ecological impacts of hybridizing lineages
Ecological and evolutionary processes shape the phenotypic composition of populations. Mesocosm experiments with threespine sticklebacks show how the interactions between phenotype, population density and environment determine evolutionary trajectories.
#1396
2017-09-18
生态系统
Competing species leave many potential niches unfilled
Theory predicts that competing species should fill niche space, but empirical evidence is lacking. Here, the authors reconcile theory and data by showing that niche packing depends on whether regulating factors are substitutable or not.
#1397
2017-09-11
古生物
Ichnological evidence for meiofaunal bilaterians from the terminal Ediacaran and earliest Cambrian of Brazil
Trace fossils from the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition of Brazil are interpreted as the remains of burrows made by a nematoid-like organism moving through sediment: these organisms are interpreted as the oldest known fossil meiofaunal bilaterians.
#1398
2017-09-11
生态系统
Gut-like ectodermal tissue in a sea anemone challenges germ layer homology
The cnidarian endoderm has been considered homologous to the bilaterian endoderm and mesoderm. Here, a gut-like ectoderm is revealed in a sea anemone, corresponding to the bilaterian endoderm, supporting an alternative model of germ layer homology.
#1399
2017-09-11
古生物
Deep faunistic turnovers preceded the rise of dinosaurs in southwestern Pangaea
A Middle–Late Triassic tetrapod assemblage from South America reveals a series of faunal turnovers prior to the rise of dinosaurs in the region.
#1400
2017-09-11
进化生物
The skull roof tracks the brain during the evolution and development of reptiles including birds
Brain and skull development are intimately related across tetrapods. Here, the authors show a close relationship between brain and skull roof across evolutionary transitions and ontogenetic stages of reptiles.
#1401
2017-09-04
进化生物
A Devonian tetrapod-like fish reveals substantial parallelism in stem tetrapod evolution
A large, lobe-finned fish from the Late Devonian of China disrupts previously accepted stem-tetrapod phylogeny and reveals parallel evolution within the lineage.
#1402
2017-09-04
海洋
Environmental structuring of marine plankton phenology
Global patterns of upper-ocean plankton phenology are described and found to vary strongly by latitude and productivity regime, with insolation having a globally overarching role.
#1403
2017-09-04
进化生物
Intermediate degrees of synergistic pleiotropy drive adaptive evolution in ecological time
The genetic architecture underlying rapid phenotypic changes remains largely unknown. Here, the authors show that genes with an intermediate degree of pleiotropy have the highest rate of adaptive evolution inArabidopsis thaliana.
#1404
2017-09-04
生态系统
Female cuckoo calls misdirect host defences towards the wrong enemy
Female common cuckoos often make a hawk-like call after parasitizing a host’s clutch. Here, field experiments show that this call increases the chances of parasitic success by diverting host parents’ attention.
#1405
2017-09-04
生态系统
Community-wide integration of floral colour and scent in a Mediterranean scrubland
Phrygana scrubland flowers display integrated, predictive patterns of scent emissions (volatile emissions) and colour (corolla reflectance spectra). This phenotypic integration is consistent with the sensory abilities and perceptual biases of bees.
#1406
2017-08-28
生态系统
Host-specific infestation in early Cambrian worms
A new species of worm from the early Cambrian period of China may represent the earliest evidence for host-specific infestation in bilaterians.
#1407
2017-08-28
生态系统
Chromosomal inversion differences correlate with range overlap in passerine birds
Ranges of species overlap predict chromosome inversion differences between closely related passerine birds, suggesting that inversions have the selective advantage of suppressing recombination when hybridization occurs.
#1408
2017-08-28
微生物
Direct and cascading impacts of tropical land-use change on multi-trophic biodiversity
Direct and cascading land-use effects alter biomass and species richness of taxa across trophic levels ranging from microorganisms to birds in a multi-taxon research initiative in Sumatra, Indonesia.
#1409
2017-08-28
进化生物
Worldwide patterns of human epigenetic variation
DNA methylation patterns are studied in five diverse human populations. The evolutionary stability of DNA methylation in humans is found to be much greater than that observed previously in plants.
#1410
2017-08-28
微生物
Genomic insights into the ancient spread of Lyme disease across North America
Lyme disease, spread by ticks infected with the bacteriaBorrelia burgdorferi, was first described in the 1970s, but its origins are obscure. Genomics of North American ticks points to an origin pre-dating the Last Glacial Maximum.
#1411
2017-08-28
进化生物
Adaptive evolution by spontaneous domain fusion and protein relocalization
New genes can arise by several mechanisms involving mutation. Here, the authors show that an adaptive phenotype is caused by the emergence of a new gene by domain fusion and protein relocalization inPseudomonas.
#1412
2017-08-21
生态系统
Ecosystem functioning is enveloped by hydrometeorological variability
The atmosphere and biosphere are intrinsically coupled systems. Here, the authors integrate multiple datasets from hourly to decadal timescales and show that a hydrometerological envelope constrains ecosystem variability through time.
#1413
2017-08-21
古生物
Population extinctions can increase metapopulation persistence
Theoretical modelling and laboratory microcosm experiments reveal that catastrophic population extinctions can actually promote metapopulation persistence via the ‘spatial hydra effect’.
#1414
2017-08-21
生物多样性
The former Iron Curtain still drives biodiversity–profit trade-offs in German agriculture
East German collective farms reduced biodiversity but raised profits, in contrast to smaller private farms in West Germany, with legacy effects that continue today.
#1415
2017-08-21
进化生物
Mother’s curse neutralizes natural selection against a human genetic disease over three centuries
In evolutionary biology, ‘mother’s curse’ refers to the possibility of passing on harmful mutations through mitochondria. Here evidence is presented for the mother’s curse in action over 290 years in a human population.
#1416
2017-08-14
进化生物
Gene flow favours local adaptation under habitat choice in ciliate microcosms
Theory predicts that gene flow hinders local adaptation, unless it is coupled with habitat choice. Here, the authors show that dispersal with habitat choice favours local adaptation in ciliate microcosms.
#1417
2017-08-14
进化生物
Adult frogs and tadpoles have different macroevolutionary patterns across the Australian continent
Animals with complex life cycles experience different selection pressures across life stages. Here, the authors show drastically different morphologies and evolutionary histories of Australian frogs and their tadpoles, which suggest that they are evolving independently.
#1418
2017-08-14
古生物
Pesticide reduces bumblebee colony initiation and increases probability of population extinction
Thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid pesticide, is shown to reduce the rate of colony initiation by bumblebee queens. Modelling shows that this effect could increase colony extinction rates.
#1419
2017-08-14
海洋
Mapping the global potential for marine aquaculture
Marine aquaculture has the potential to improve food security. A global analysis shows that space in coastal areas is unlikely to limit the potential for aquaculture.
#1420
2017-08-07
生态系统
Decadal ecosystem response to an anomalous melt season in a polar desert in Antarctica
The McMurdo Dry Valleys is the largest ice-free ecosystem in Antarctica. Here, the varied community responses to an anomalous melt season are documented.
#1421
2017-08-07
进化生物
Compensatory mutations improve general permissiveness to antibiotic resistance plasmids
Plasmids facilitate the evolution of antibiotic resistance but little is known about bacteria–plasmid evolution. Here, the authors show that when bacteria adapt to one plasmid, they become generally permissive to plasmid carriage.
#1422
2017-08-07
气候变化
A multi-species synthesis of physiological mechanisms in drought-induced tree mortality
The mechanisms underlying drought-induced tree mortality are not fully resolved. Here, the authors show that, across multiple tree species, loss of xylem conductivity above 60% is associated with mortality, while carbon starvation is not universal.
#1423
2017-08-07
气候变化
Palaeoclimate explains a unique proportion of the global variation in soil bacterial communities
Analysing data from more than 1,000 sites globally, the authors show that palaeoclimatic legacies explain a greater amount of variation in bacterial community richness and composition than current climate.
#1424
2017-07-31
进化生物
Positive selection inhibits gene mobilization and transfer in soil bacterial communities
Transfer of mobile genetic elements between bacteria is widespread, facilitating adaptation. Here, the authors show that horizontal gene transfer is inhibited in soil bacterial communities undergoing positive selection for mercury resistance.
#1425
2017-07-31
生态系统
Honeybee spillover reshuffles pollinator diets and affects plant reproductive success
Honeybees are used for crop pollination but also spill over into nearby natural habitats. Here, the detrimental effects of this spillover on wild plants and pollinators are documented.
#1426
2017-07-31
生态系统
Improvement of individual camouflage through background choice in ground-nesting birds
Ground-nesting birds actively choose backgrounds for their nests that enhance their camouflage, refining this choice across spatial scales.
#1427
2017-07-31
生态系统
Anatomical integration of the sacral–hindlimb unit coordinated by GDF11 underlies variation in hindlimb positioning in tetrapods
The position of limbs varies across vertebrates. Here, the authors show that GDF11 is a key factor in the integration of sacral vertebrae and hindlimb positioning and underlies diversification of the hindlimb position in vertebrates.
#1428
2017-07-24
进化生物
Cradles and museums of Antarctic teleost biodiversity
Phylogenetic and biogeographic modelling show that high-latitude Antarctic nearshore habitats have been an evolutionary sink for species diversity of notothenioids, which dominate teleost fish diversity in the Southern Ocean.
#1429
2017-07-24
气候变化
Diversity in stomatal function is integral to modelling plant carbon and water fluxes
Estimates of stomatal conductance are important for models of crop and ecosystem water and carbon flux. Here, data from temperate tree species show interspecific variation in stomatal function that can be accounted for to make models more accurate.
#1430
2017-07-24
进化生物
Phylotranscriptomic consolidation of the jawed vertebrate timetree
The use of genomic data to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships is powerful but challenging. Here, the authors develop a bioinformatics pipeline and use phylogenomic datasets to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships of jawed vertebrates.
#1431
2017-07-24
进化生物
Adaptive modulation of antibiotic resistance through intragenomic coevolution
Mobile genetic elements can confer antibiotic resistance on their bacterial hosts. However, they are often costly leading to conflict with the host chromosome, which can drive intragenomic coevolution and consequent modulation of resistance.
#1432
2017-07-21
进化生物
Parallel genome reduction in symbionts descended from closely related free-living bacteria
Insights into genome reduction during endosymbiosis are gained by comparing genomes of related endosymbiotic and free-living Polynucleobacter strains.
#1433
2017-07-17
生态系统
A general scaling law reveals why the largest animals are not the fastest
Maximum speed could scale with body mass, but the largest animals are not actually the fastest. A general scaling law explains this with a hump-shaped relationship due to a finite limit on acceleration time.
#1434
2017-07-17
生态系统
A sex-chromosome inversion causes strong overdominance for sperm traits that affect siring success
It is unclear how variation in sperm traits is maintained in nature. Here, the authors show that an inversion on the Z chromosome of zebra finches affects sperm morphology and fertilization ability and suggest that overdominance maintains the inversion polymorphism.
#1435
2017-07-17
生物多样性
Biodiversity at risk under future cropland expansion and intensification
The authors predict biodiversity loss under potential future agricultural change. Agricultural expansion threatens species richness and abundance worldwide (up to one-third in some areas), often with little overlap between protected areas and high-risk expansion areas.
#1436
2017-07-17
海洋
Oil exposure disrupts early life-history stages of coral reef fishes via behavioural impairments
Exposure of coral reef fishes to environmentally relevant levels of crude oil reveals widespread impairment of cognitive functions related to habitat settlement and antipredator behaviours, in addition to elevated mortality and reduced growth rates.
#1437
2017-07-17
生态系统
A sex-linked supergene controls sperm morphology and swimming speed in a songbird
Sperm morphology is remarkably variable yet its genetic architecture is poorly known. Now, sperm morphology variation in zebra finches is shown to be largely explained by an inversion polymorphism on the Z chromosome acting as a supergene.
#1438
2017-07-10
生态系统
Induced defences in plants reduce herbivory by increasing cannibalism
Plants can induce anti-herbivore defences through the synthesis of proteins that reduce feeding. Induction of these defences in tomato plants also reduces herbivore damage by promoting cannibalism among insect larvae.
#1439
2017-07-10
生态系统
Nutrient-dependent growth underpinned the Ediacaran transition to large body size
In rangeomorphs of the Ediacaran period, first appearing 571 million years ago, growth of branch internodes declined as their surface area decreased relative to volume, suggesting nutrient-dependent growth.
#1440
2017-07-10
进化生物
Sex-specific evolution during the diversification of live-bearing fishes
It is unclear how sex differences affect macroevolutionary patterns. In live-bearing fishes, the environment influences female morphology, while male morphological variation is primarily associated with sexual selection.
#1441
2017-07-03
进化生物
Nodal–Activin pathway is a conserved neural induction signal in chordates
Little is known about the evolution of neural induction mechanisms in chordates. Here, the authors show that the dorsal blastopore lip of the cephalochordate amphioxus is homologous to the vertebrate dorsal organizer and that it promotes neural induction through Nodal–Activin signal.
#1442
2017-07-03
生态系统
General ecological models for human subsistence, health and poverty
Feedback between biological and economic systems may lead to persistent poverty traps. Coupling dynamic population ecology and economic growth models reveals how to build for resilience in human health and subsistence.
#1443
2017-07-03
进化生物
Molecular signatures of fossil leaves provide unexpected new evidence for extinct plant relationships
A new palaeobotanical method analyses molecular signatures of fossil leaf cuticles to reveal hitherto obscure phylogenetic relationships, for example between Nilssoniales and Bennettitales; Ginkgoales and Leptostrobales.
#1444
2017-07-03
生物多样性
Negative density dependence mediates biodiversity–productivity relationships across scales
The mechanisms underlying changes in biodiversity and productivity across scales are poorly understood. Here, the authors show that negative density dependence among conspecifics explains changes in β-diversity of trees across western North America.
#1445
2017-06-26
生物多样性
Agricultural intensification without biodiversity loss is possible in grassland landscapes
A dataset of >1,000 arthropod species collected in >100 grasslands along productivity gradients to assess the reaction of individual species to productivity changes shows that arthropod conservation can be improved without reducing overall production.
#1446
2017-06-26
生态系统
Risky times and risky places interact to affect prey behaviour
Predator–prey interactions in a Zambian national park reveal the interaction between types of risk: strong prey vigilance responses to locations with high long-term risk when short-term risk was high, but not when short-term risk was low.
#1447
2017-06-26
海洋
The Pliocene marine megafauna extinction and its impact on functional diversity
The Pliocene marine megafaunal extinctions caused functional diversity loss, which was not mitigated by newly evolved taxa in the Pleistocene. This paper points towards an abrupt loss of productive coastal habitats as a key extinction driver.
#1448
2017-06-22
海洋
Body size shifts and early warning signals precede the historic collapse of whale stocks
Predicting declines in commercially harvested species is crucial to avoid overexploitation. An analysis of historical whaling records identifies early warning signals in body size and abundance data 40 years before the collapse of whale stocks.
#1449
2017-06-22
海洋
Widely used marine seismic survey air gun operations negatively impact zooplankton
Marine seismic surveys use high-pressure air guns to explore sub-sea petroleum deposits, but little is known about their impact on marine life. Now it is shown that exposure is linked to increased zooplankton mortality at a range >1 km.
#1450
2017-06-22
生态系统
Recent human history governs global ant invasion dynamics
The worldwide spread of four groups of alien ant species has been significantly but differently influenced by major events in recent human history: waves of globalization, world wars and global recessions.
#1451
2017-06-19
气候变化
Evolution of queen cuticular hydrocarbons and worker reproduction in stingless bees
Co-mapping the incidence of worker reproduction and queen pheromone chemical composition on a phylogeny of stingless bees reveals no association between queen hydrocarbon profiles and worker reproduction.
#1452
2017-06-19
进化生物
Phylogenetic rooting using minimal ancestor deviation
Existing rooting methods to determine ancestor–descendent relations in phylogenetic trees have limitations. A new rooting method called minimal ancestor deviation does not require outgroup knowledge and can be used on any type of data.
#1453
2017-06-19
古生物
The palaeogenetics of cat dispersal in the ancient world
Ancient DNA analysis of archaeological cat remains shows cats dispersed along trade routes from the Neolithic era onwards, while its gene pool shows admixture from multiple geographical sources and that the tabby allele originated in the Middle Ages.
#1454
2017-06-12
进化生物
Diverse modes of eco-evolutionary dynamics in communities of antibiotic-producing microorganisms
Relationships between antibiotic interactions and diversity are often examined in ecologically stable in silico models, but building in biologically realistic features is found to promote coexistence and more diversity than idealized models.
#1455
2017-06-12
气候变化
Extinction debt and colonization credit delay range shifts of eastern North American trees
Trees are likely to show lagged responses to climate change because they are sessile and long-lived. Here, the authors show that dominant tree species in North America are out of equilibrium with climate, with range contraction outpacing expansion.
#1456
2017-06-12
生物多样性
Global hotspots and correlates of alien species richness across taxonomic groups
Analysis of eight taxonomic groups across 186 islands and 423 mainland regions reveals that those with the greatest gross domestic product per capita, human population density and area have the highest established alien species richness, with the strongest effects on islands.
#1457
2017-06-12
进化生物
Genetic divergence of early song discrimination between two young songbird species
Song birds discriminate between the songs of their conspecifics and those of closely related species from a young age. Now it is shown that song discrimination in two flycatchers has a strong genetic component as is not determined by social experience.
#1458
2017-06-05
生态系统
Competition-induced starvation drives large-scale population cycles in Antarctic krill
It is not fully understood what factors drive population cycles of Antarctic krill. Contrary to previous work focusing on climatic factors, here the authors identify intraspecific competition for food as the primary driver of 5–6 year oscillations.
#1459
2017-06-05
海洋
Ending fishery overexploitation by expanding from local successes to globalized solutions
About 30% of global fish stocks are overfished, and reducing this is a target of the Sustainable Development Goals. An analysis of fisheries data shows that progress in developed countries is not mirrored in developing countries.
#1460
2017-05-26
进化生物
Coherent assessments of Europe’s marine fishes show regional divergence and megafauna loss
Assessing the conservation status of 1,020 European marine fishes reveals half of large (>1.5 m) fishes are threatened with extinction and stock status diverges geographically: almost all Mediterranean stock is overfished, most northern European stock is not.
#1461
2017-05-26
进化生物
Cooperative interactions within the family enhance the capacity for evolutionary change in body size
The social environment is rarely considered a factor in models of trait responses to selection. Here the authors show that carrion beetle populations respond to selection for larger body size, but only when parents care for their offspring.
#1462
2017-05-26
进化生物
Dietary adaptation ofFADSgenes in Europe varied across time and geography
Fatty acid desaturase genes encode enzymes for the biosynthesis of fatty acids that are essential for individuals with plant-based diets. Here, the authors show positive selection on alternative alleles in Europeans before and after the onset of farming and strongest selection in Southern European farmers.
#1463
2017-05-26
气候变化
Early bursts of diversification defined the faunal colonization of land
Trace fossil analysis reveals that following initial marginal incursions in the Ediacaran, the marine–terrestrial faunal transition became widespread in the Carboniferous, accompanied by repeated ‘bursts’ of diversification.
#1464
2017-05-22
进化生物
Contrasting effects of environment and genetics generate a continuum of parallel evolution
Environmental heterogeneity in three-spined stickleback pairs contributes to deviations from parallel evolution, but genomic targets of selection were more parallel between environmentally similar pairs, suggestive of a continuum of parallel evolution.
#1465
2017-05-15
进化生物
Perceptive costs of reproduction drive ageing and physiology in maleDrosophila
Reproduction incurs a physiological cost as a result of evolutionary fitness optimization. In male Drosophila, key reproductive costs are shown to be a result of perceiving female pheromones, and the act of mating reverses the costs.
#1466
2017-05-15
生态系统
Sperm and sex peptide stimulate aggression in femaleDrosophila
Female aggression towards other females is common in nature, yet we don’t know what triggers such behaviour. Here, the authors show that, in fruit flies, female aggression after mating is strongly stimulated by sperm.
#1467
2017-05-15
微生物
Diversity begets diversity in competition for space
Sessile communities may support high species richness, despite competition for space. Here, the authors use fungal competition assays to show that intransitive competition can overwhelm pairwise competitive exclusion to facilitate biodiversity.
#1468
2017-05-15
进化生物
Late Pliocene environmental change during the transition fromAustralopithecustoHomo
Stable isotope and community faunal analysis of early hominid environments in the lower Awash Valley (Ethiopia) and Turkana Basin (Kenya/Ethiopia) reveal environmental change and divergence coincident with the emergence of the genusHomo(approx. 2.8 Ma).
#1469
2017-05-08
气候变化
Climate warming reduces gut microbiota diversity in a vertebrate ectotherm
In a semi-naturalistic ‘Metatron’ experiment, a rise of 2–3 °C causes a reduction in gut microbiome diversity of over one-third in an ectotherm, the common lizard(Zootoca vivipara).
#1470
2017-05-08
海洋
Larval fish dispersal in a coral-reef seascape
Larval dispersal of clownfish and butterflyfish across a 10,000 km2area was tracked over 2 years, a large enough scale to inform the design of marine reserve networks and test their performance.
#1471
2017-05-08
生态系统
Dispersal governs the reorganization of ecological networks under environmental change
Complex ecological networks are likely to be disrupted as species shift in response to environmental change. A simulation model shows that the level of dispersal determines whether species associations within networks are maintained.
#1472
2017-05-08
海洋
Direct observation of increasing recovery length before collapse of a marine benthic ecosystem
Spatial indicators of ecosystem-critical transitions have so far only been confirmed in the lab. Here, the authors show that increasing recovery length provides a spatial signature of critical slowing down in a natural intertidal community.
#1473
2017-04-28
进化生物
Divergent plant–soil feedbacks could alter future elevation ranges and ecosystem dynamics
Variable plant–soil biotic interactions influence the migration and fragmentation of tree species, and models will need to incorporate soil parameters to more accurately predict future species distributions.
#1474
2017-04-28
进化生物
Spatial conservation prioritization of biodiversity spanning the evolutionary continuum
Accounting for inter- and intraspecies evolutionary relationships is important for conservation planning, but rarely considered in practice. A new framework identifies priority conservation areas accounting for evolutionary diversity.
#1475
2017-04-28
进化生物
Optimization of lag phase shapes the evolution of a bacterial enzyme
Mutations provide the variation that drives evolution, yet their effects on fitness remain poorly understood. Mutations in the essential enzyme adenylate kinase (Adk) ofE. coliaffect multiple phases of population growth.
#1476
2017-04-24
进化生物
Young genes are highly disordered as predicted by the preadaptation hypothesis ofde novogene birth
Protein-coding genes can originatede novofrom non-coding sequences. Here, the authors show that young genes have exaggerated gene-like structural properties, which suggests that new genes arise from sequences that are preadapted to avoid toxicity.
#1477
2017-04-24
进化生物
Random sequences are an abundant source of bioactive RNAs or peptides
Origin of genes in non-coding DNA is assumed to be rare because random combinations of DNA are not expected to be functional. Here, the authors show that random peptides can affect fitness inE. coli, which suggests that random parts of the genome have the potential to become functional.
#1478
2017-04-24
古生物
Fungus-like mycelial fossils in 2.4-billion-year-old vesicular basalt
2.4-billion-year-old South African basalts preserve filamentous fossils similar to fungi or an as-yet-unknown eukaryote taxon.
#1479
2017-04-24
海洋
A submarine volcanic eruption leads to a novel microbial habitat
Following a submarine volcanic eruption that cleared the local seafloor, a new microbial genus and species of bacterial trichomes, namedThiolava veneris, colonized the substrate 130 m below sea level.
#1480
2017-04-18
古生物
Megafaunal isotopes reveal role of increased moisture on rangeland during late Pleistocene extinctions
Moisture-driven environmental changes in the terminal Pleistocene contributed to megafaunal extinction across four continents, as indicated by stable isotope analysis. Stable grasslands in Africa help to explain maintenance of African megafaunal populations.
#1481
2017-04-18
海洋
Fish pool their experience to solve problems collectively
Shoals of fish can more quickly solve a two-stage foraging task when individuals experienced in only one stage of each task are combined, demonstrating that pooling experiences can aid collective problem-solving in animal groups.
#1482
2017-04-18
进化生物
Direct benefits and evolutionary transitions to complex societies
The evolutionary transition to cooperative breeding often involves high levels of monogamy and therefore indirect fitness benefits to helpers. Here, an alternative pathway is shown for cichlid fishes, involving direct fitness benefits derived from ecological factors such as group living.
#1483
2017-04-18
生态系统
Functional trait diversity maximizes ecosystem multifunctionality
By analysing the abundance distributions of two key plant functional traits in global dryland communities, the authors identify a scaling relationship that quantifies how much trait diversity is required to maximize local ecosystem multifunctionality.
#1484
2017-04-10
进化生物
Gene flow from domesticated escapes alters the life history of wild Atlantic salmon
Gene flow between wild and farmed salmon is known to be widespread. Here, the authors show that introgression with domestic conspecifics has demographic consequences for wild Atlantic salmon by altering fitness-related life history traits.
#1485
2017-04-10
微生物
Urbanization erodes ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and may cause microbial communities to converge
Analysis of soil microbial communities from five cities on three continents finds that urbanization is linked to the convergence of archaeal and fungal communities, and loss of ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and abundance.
#1486
2017-04-10
古生物
Skeletal trauma reflects hunting behaviour in extinct sabre-tooth cats and dire wolves
Analysis of pathological elements on bones found in the Rancho La Brea tar pits reveals differences in the distribution of traumatic injuries in extinct sabre-tooth cats and dire wolves, which may reflect their different hunting behaviours.
#1487
2017-04-10
进化生物
Contentious relationships in phylogenomic studies can be driven by a handful of genes
Thanks to phylogenomics, reconstruction of the tree of life is now possible, yet different datasets and methods can yield contradictory relationships. Here, the authors quantify phylogenetic signals and show that contentious relationships can be supported by a tiny amount of data.
#1488
2017-04-03
进化生物
Adaptation to deep-sea chemosynthetic environments as revealed by mussel genomes
Genome sequences of a deep-sea vent and a shallow-water mussel species are compared. The former has expanded gene families for protein stabilization and removal of toxic substances and has a more complex immune system.
#1489
2017-04-03
进化生物
Young inversion with multiple linked QTLs under selection in a hybrid zone
Chromosomal inversions can promote speciation. Here, the authors identify a young inversion that has captured ecologically important genetic variants in a hybrid zone of the plantBoechera stricta, promoting local adaptation and incipient speciation.
#1490
2017-04-03
进化生物
Scallop genome provides insights into evolution of bilaterian karyotype and development
The genome of the scallopPatinopecten yessoensisis sequenced. This bivalve mollusc has a slow-evolving genome with features such as karyotype andHoxgene expression that may be close to that of the ancestral bilaterian.
#1491
2017-04-03
微生物
A macroecological theory of microbial biodiversity
Testing widely known biodiversity models on a dataset of >20,000 microbial community samples from a wide variety of ecosystems, the authors find that microbial abundance and diversity across scales is best predicted by a model of lognormal dynamics.
#1492
2017-03-27
微生物
Community structure follows simple assembly rules in microbial microcosms
Survival of competing microbial species pairs predicts competition outcome between a greater number of species: species that coexist with each other in pairs will survive, species that are excluded by any of the surviving species will go extinct.
#1493
2017-03-27
进化生物
Developmental constraints shape the evolution of the nematode mid-developmental transition
Mid-embryogenesis is highly conserved in animals. Using an approach that eliminated positive selection, a significant depletion was found in gene expression variation during nematode mid-embryogenesis, which shows the role of developmental constraints in determining this pattern.
#1494
2017-03-27
进化生物
Primate brain size is predicted by diet but not sociality
Using updated phylogenies and the largest dataset to date, the authors find that primate brain size is better predicted by diet than any measure of sociality, suggesting a revision is needed to prevailing hypotheses explaining brain size evolution.
#1495
2017-03-20
生态系统
Parasites dominate hyperdiverse soil protist communities in Neotropical rainforests
Environmental metabarcoding of soil samples suggests that protists comprise the greatest eukaryotic diversity in tropical rainforests, and are dominated by phyla that parasitise arthropods and other animals.
#1496
2017-03-20
生态系统
The rise and fall of malaria under land-use change in frontier regions
A mathematical model coupling malaria epidemiology and socioeconomic–demographic factors related to land-use change identifies the different kinds of malaria dynamics that arise early on with land-use change.
#1497
2017-03-20
气候变化
Adaptation of phytoplankton to a decade of experimental warming linked to increased photosynthesis
Isolates of the green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtiiadapted to a decade of chronic warming in outdoor mesocosms have higher competitive fitness than ambient controls, due to greater photosynthetic capacity and reduced susceptibility to photoinhibition
#1498
2017-03-20
进化生物
Evolutionary transitions towards eusociality in snapping shrimps
Analysis of multiple species of sponge-dwelling, snapping shrimp reveals pair-forming, communal and eusocial species, suggestive of evolution of eusociality via a ‘family-centred model’, paralleling insects and vertebrates.
#1499
2017-03-13
进化生物
Sulfate radicals enable a non-enzymatic Krebs cycle precursor
The evolutionary origin of the enzyme-catalysed Krebs cycle is unclear. Here, the authors identify non-enzymatic intermediates that replicate key elements of the cycle, suggesting that inorganic catalysts may have driven the origin of metabolic processes.
#1500
2017-03-13
进化生物
Craniofacial diversification in the domestic pigeon and the evolution of the avian skull
Domesticated animals are great models to understand how diversity is generated. Here, the authors show that patterns of cranial shape variation in domestic pigeons mirror cranial variation in birds in general, suggesting that selection on conserved developmental mechanisms can generate tremendous diversity.
#1501
2017-03-13
进化生物
Species-specific responses to ocean acidification should account for local adaptation and adaptive plasticity
Marine species distributed along environmental gradients may experience large-scale heterogeneity in ocean physicochemical conditions. Here, the authors develop an index to account for this variability in studies of responses to ocean acidification.
#1502
2017-03-13
微生物
Organelles that illuminate the origins ofTrichomonashydrogenosomes andGiardiamitosomes
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of mitochondria-related organelles across Metamonada, a group of anaerobic microbial parasites, identifies a potentially new class of organelle in which ATP and hydrogen production are decoupled.
#1503
2017-03-06
气候变化
Human population growth offsets climate-driven increase in woody vegetation in sub-Saharan Africa
Tracking vegetation change in sub-Saharan Africa between 1992 and 2011, the authors reveal contrasting patterns in woody cover between drylands and humid zones, with decreases in both areas associated with high human population growth.
#1504
2017-03-06
进化生物
Meckel’s cartilage breakdown offers clues to mammalian middle ear evolution
The distinctive mammalian middle ear evolved by separation of the primary jaw joint from the mandible, requiring breakdown of Meckel’s cartilage. Here, genetic and pharmacological manipulation of mice and opossums is used to mimic transitional forms found in Mesozoic mammals and gain insights into middle ear evolution.
#1505
2017-03-06
生态系统
Experimental evidence for homeostatic sex allocation after sex-biased reintroductions
A long-term rhinoceros experiment demonstrates that unbalanced operational sex rations predict offspring sex and offspring sex ratios.
#1506
2017-03-06
生态系统
Global determinants of zoogeographical boundaries
Terrestrial animals can be classified into distinct biogeographic regions, but less is known about what shapes these global boundaries. Here, the authors identify geological and climatic factors that determine the separation of realms through time.
#1507
2017-03-01
古生物
Spending limited resources on de-extinction could lead to net biodiversity loss
Use of public funding for conservation of resurrected species would lead to fewer extant species that could be conserved, and consequent net biodiversity loss.
#1508
2017-03-01
生物多样性
Rapid and direct recoveries of predators and prey through synchronized ecosystem management
Restoring degraded food webs is a major conservation challenge and different approaches have been used. Here, modelling is used to show that restoring species together rather than sequentially leads to faster and less variable ecosystem recovery.
#1509
2017-03-01
进化生物
Diminishing-returns epistasis decreases adaptability along an evolutionary trajectory
As populations evolve in a constant environment, the rate of adaptation decreases. Here, experimentalE. colipopulations are used to show that global epistasis reduces the effect size of beneficial mutations as evolution proceeds.
#1510
2017-03-01
生物多样性
Spatial complementarity in tree crowns explains overyielding in species mixtures
A field study of young trees shows that complementarity among tree crowns in canopy space is a mechanism linking biodiversity with ecosystem productivity, and as such may contribute to diversity-enhanced productivity in forests.
#1511
2017-02-17
生态系统
Higher-order interactions capture unexplained complexity in diverse communities
Higher-order interactions (HOIs) are often assumed to be negligible in natural communities. Here, the authors present a framework for incorporating HOIs into diversity models and show that their inclusion can dramatically improve explanatory power.
#1512
2017-02-17
进化生物
Transitions between phases of genomic differentiation during stick-insect speciation
Genomic data from over 100 populations ofTimemastick insects are used to show the transition from an early phase of speciation involving localized genetic regions to later stages involving genome-wide differentiation.
#1513
2017-02-17
进化生物
Cooperation facilitates the colonization of harsh environments
Living in a harsh environment is linked to breeding in cooperative groups, but which is cause and which is effect? Here, a bird phylogeny is used to show that, contrary to previous assumption, cooperative breeders are more likely to colonize harsh environments.
#1514
2017-02-17
气候变化
Cross-realm assessment of climate change impacts on species’ abundance trends
Analysis of time-series abundance trends from more than a thousand local populations across Europe reveals a consistent impact of temperature on terrestrial communities, but variable impacts on freshwater and marine realms.
#1515
2017-02-17
进化生物
The evolution and population diversity of human-specific segmental duplications
Segmental duplications in the genome are regions with the potential for the evolution of phenotypic novelties, but their cataloguing has been technically difficult. Here, the evolution and function of human duplications is characterized.
#1516
2017-02-13
进化生物
Female plasticity tends to reduce sexual conflict
Evolutionary sexual conflict often occurs after copulation within the female body, allowing the female to respond flexibly to the male strategy. Here, theoretical results show that this female plasticity reduces levels of sexual conflict and prevents runaway selection.
#1517
2017-02-13
海洋
Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the deepest ocean fauna
Amphipod fauna from the deepest ocean trenches are revealed to contain significant levels of persistent organic pollutants.
#1518
2017-02-13
进化生物
The genomic landscape of evolutionary convergence in mammals, birds and reptiles
Certain mutations are characteristic of specific lineages across the phylogeny of birds, reptiles and mammals. Here, protein structural information is used to separate out such mutations that are adaptive from those that compensate changes at other sites.
#1519
2017-02-06
气候变化
Human exposure and sensitivity to globally extreme wildfire events
Extreme wildfire events are on the increase, particularly in anthropogenic, suburban landscapes. Particular areas of concern are the subtropical Southern Hemisphere and European Mediterranean Basin.
#1520
2017-02-06
气候变化
Persistent tropical foraging in the highlands of terminal Pleistocene/Holocene New Guinea
Dramatic change to environments and climates across the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary is often cited as driving human subsistence change, but at Kiowa, New Guinea, environments and human lifeways remained consistent, stable isotope analysis reveals.
#1521
2017-02-06
进化生物
Frequency-dependent female genital cutting behaviour confers evolutionary fitness benefits
Female genital cutting is detrimental to health and its elimination is a priority. It is also important to understand why it persists. Here, a frequency-dependent evolutionary fitness advantage of FGC is shown using data from West African countries.
#1522
2017-02-06
进化生物
Genome of the pitcher plantCephalotusreveals genetic changes associated with carnivory
The Australian pitcher plant (Cephalotussp.) genome reveals genetic changes associated with prey attraction, capture, digestion and nutrient absorption. Comparison with other carnivorous plants reveals constraints on evolution of plant carnivory
#1523
2017-01-30
古生物
Exceptionally preserved Cambrian loriciferans and the early animal invasion of the meiobenthos
It is unclear when multicellular animals first invaded the microscopic ecological niche between sediment grains given the absence of such animals from the fossil record. Microscopic Loriciferans are described from the Cambrian period, showing an early occupation of this important niche.
#1524
2017-01-30
生态系统
Complex modular architecture around a simple toolkit of wing pattern genes
Variation around colour pattern genes is highly modular inHeliconiusbutterflies. This modular architecture explains the diversity of colour patterns and provides a flexible mechanism for rapid morphological diversification.
#1525
2017-01-30
进化生物
Antagonistic pleiotropy and mutation accumulation influence human senescence and disease
Evolutionary explanations for ageing suggest late-onset deleterious mutations may be tolerated or even favoured by selection. Here, data from human genome-wide association studies are used to support these evolutionary predictions.
#1526
2017-01-30
进化生物
The unconstrained evolution of fast and efficient antibiotic-resistant bacterial genomes
The evolution of antibiotic resistance is expected to incur a cost. Here, the lack of an apparent cost during doxycycline resistance evolution is reconciled with evolutionary trade-off theory.
#1527
2017-01-23
气候变化
Climate change upends selection on ornamentation in a wild bird
Secondary sexual traits influence reproductive success, but may also be sensitive to environmental change. Here, the authors show that selection on forehead patch size in male collared flycatchers switches from positive to negative depending on spring temperature at the breeding site.
#1528
2017-01-23
海洋
Global marine protected areas to prevent extinctions
Although marine protected areas are designed to conserve biodiversity, they typically do not account for the conservation status of species within them. Here, the authors identify hotspots of extinction risk among the world’s sharks and rays that require targeted conservation action.
#1529
2017-01-23
气候变化
Stand age and species richness dampen interannual variation of ecosystem-level photosynthetic capacity
The photosynthetic capacity of forest ecosystems is an important variable in the global carbon cycle. Here, it is shown that older, more diverse forests have less fluctuation between years in photosynthetic capacity.
#1530
2017-01-23
进化生物
A thousand empirical adaptive landscapes and their navigability
Analysis of over 1,000 complete adaptive landscapes from 129 eukaryotic species suggests that landscape navigability contributed to the success of transcriptional regulation as a source of adaptation and innovation.
#1531
2017-01-13
进化生物
Experimental test and refutation of a classic case of molecular adaptation inDrosophila melanogaster
Changes in the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) protein inDrosophila melanogasterare a classic example of molecular adaptation. Here, the authors show that changes in the ADH sequence along theD. melanogasterlineage did not affect function and fitness, which refutes the adaptive role.
#1532
2017-01-13
进化生物
Divergent demographic strategies of plants in variable environments
Demographic buffering is thought to reduce the impact of environmental variation on fitness. Here, the authors find little evidence that plant life histories tend to be buffered, with certain clades more likely to be demographically labile.
#1533
2017-01-13
进化生物
Genome-wide interrogation advances resolution of recalcitrant groups in the tree of life
Standard phylogenetic methods produce conflicting results for several parts of the tree of life. Here, a new phylogenomic method is presented, which resolves controversial relationships within the Otophysi freshwater fish and several other recalcitrant groups.
#1534
2017-01-13
生态系统
Legacy effects of developmental stages determine the functional role of predators
As predators grow, they may occupy different trophic positions by moving up the food chain. Here, the authors identify long-lasting ‘legacy’ effects of younger predator stages that may exceed the impact of adults on community structure.
#1535
2017-01-09
进化生物
Prenatal development supports a single origin of laryngeal echolocation in bats
Laryngeal echolocation occurs in two separate groups of bats, so it is not clear if this is an example of convergent evolution or if those bats that cannot echolocate previously lost the ability. Here, a study of cochlear development in bats and other mammals supports a single origin of echolocation.
#1536
2017-01-09
进化生物
Lateralization of mother–infant interactions in a diverse range of mammal species
Humans and great apes show left-cradling bias but it is unclear how widespread this bias is. Here, the authors show lateralization in interactions between an infant and its mother in 11 marine and terrestrial mammals, which suggests that lateralization has an ancient evolutionary history.
#1537
2017-01-09
古生物
Recent extinctions disturb path to equilibrium diversity in Caribbean bats
By combining data on fossil and extant Caribbean bats, the authors confirm predictions that island biodiversity across this archipelago should reach an equilibrium value through time, but that this has been disrupted by recent anthropogenic extinctions.
#1538
2017-01-09
生态系统
Plant spatial patterns identify alternative ecosystem multifunctionality states in global drylands
Vegetation patterns may be a useful indicator of environmental gradients. Here, the authors use remote-sensing and field surveys to show that patch-size distribution in drylands is related to different ecosystem multifunctionality states.
#1539
2017-01-04
生物多样性
Identifying species threat hotspots from global supply chains
One of the main drivers of human-induced biodiversity loss is exploitation of natural resources for trade. Here, the authors identify global ‘hotspots’ of threats to wildlife from international trade that directly link production of goods in one country with their consumption in another.
#1540
2017-01-04
进化生物
Coupling phenotypic persistence to DNA damage increases genetic diversity in severe stress
Phenotypic persistence allows yeast and other microorganisms to endure stress conditions. Here a link is shown between DNA damage and the onset of persistence, resulting in increased genetic diversity in persister cells that could facilitate evolutionary adaptation.
#1541
2016-12-05
微生物
High taxonomic variability despite stable functional structure across microbial communities
Microbial communities in the foliage of wild bromeliads exhibit remarkably stable functional community structure despite large variation in taxonomic composition, indicating that non-neutral processes drive changes in community composition.
#1542
2016-12-05
进化生物
Widespread maintenance of genome heterozygosity inSchmidteamediterranea
Although inbreeding generally reduces genetic diversity, even after 10 generations of inbreeding 37.5% of the planarian wormSchmidtea mediterranea’sgenome retains heterozygosity, and is maintained at low recombination rates in the wild.
#1543
2016-12-05
进化生物
Phylogenetic and environmental context of a Tournaisian tetrapod fauna
Romer’s Gap describes the period with few known fossils when early tetrapods were becoming increasingly terrestrial. Here, five new species, three stem tetrapods and two stem amphibians, are described from a location in Scotland shedding light on the phylogeny and environment of this period.
#1544
2016-12-05
进化生物
The developmental basis for the recurrent evolution of deuterostomy and protostomy
In protostomes the mouth develops from the embryonic blastophore, whereas in deuterostomes it develops separately. A comparison between two related protostomal and deuterostomal brachiopod species shows the role of Wnt signalling and mesoderm formation in this fundamental dichotomy of bilaterian animal body plan.
#1545
2016-11-21
进化生物
Evolution alters the consequences of invasions in experimental communities
Evolved native species with prior experience of invasives consistently perform better than naive invaders, supporting the emergence of increased biotic resistance as one consequence of evolution during invasions.
#1546
2016-11-21
海洋
Population characteristics of a large whale shark aggregation inferred from seawater environmental DNA
Environmental DNA from water samples can be used to detect the presence and abundance of aquatic organisms. Here, the authors show that it can also be used to obtain population genetic information from whale sharks in the Arabian Gulf.
#1547
2016-11-21
进化生物
Independent evolution of shape and motility allows evolutionary flexibility in Firmicutes bacteria
The form and function of an organism are often tightly linked, at least in eukaryotes. In contrast, here it is shown using phylogenetic comparative methods that shape and motility are unlinked across a bacterial taxon, allowing increased evolutionary flexibility.
#1548
2016-11-21
进化生物
Competition along trajectories governs adaptation rates towards antimicrobial resistance
Successive alleles competing along predictable adaptive trajectories largely governs the rate of evolution of proteins involved in antimalarial drug resistance, with implications for management of antimicrobial resistance in the real world.
#1549
2016-11-07
古生物
Rapid recovery of Patagonian plant–insect associations after the end-Cretaceous extinction
Large-scale geographic heterogeneity in extinction and recovery across the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, as indicated by preserved insect-damage of fossil leaves in Patagonia and the Western Interior of North America.
#1550
2016-11-07
进化生物
Multicopy plasmids potentiate the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
As well as allowing horizontal gene transfer, the increased copy number of plasmids could accelerate evolution. Here, it is shown that clinically relevant antibiotic resistance evolves faster when the target gene is on a plasmid.
#1551
2016-11-07
进化生物
Gene expression plasticity as a mechanism of coral adaptation to a variable environment
What are the molecular mechanisms underpinning local adaptation? Reciprocal transplant of mustard hill coral from a variable to a more stable habitat demonstrates that populations exhibit phenotypic signatures consistent with local adaptation.
#1552
2016-11-07
进化生物
An invasive social insect overcomes genetic load at the sex locus
Hymenopteran social insects require heterozygosity at thecsdlocus for female development. Here, it is shown how balancing selection overcomes founder effects to maintain this heterozygosity and allow the Asian honeybee to become invasive.